"For the establishment of the social or the e disciplines as sciences": Donald Pierson e as ciências sociais no Rio de Janeiro (1942-1949) / DONALD PIERSON AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN RIO DE JANEIRO (1942-1949): "FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOCIAL DISCIPLINES AS SCIENCES"

Analisamos a recepção das concepções de sociologia propostas por Donald Pierson no Rio de Janeiro a partir dos casos de Luiz de Aguiar Costa Pinto e Alberto Guerreiro Ramos. Por meio de artigos, livros, conferências e aulas ministradas na Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo, Pierson se tornou um dos principais veiculadores, no Brasil, dos padrões de trabalho sociológico gestados na Universidade de Chicago. Recém-egressos do curso de Ciências Sociais da Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, Costa Pinto e Guerreiro Ramos travaram contato com Pierson quando buscavam consolidar suas carreiras. Embora convergindo com os interesses de Pierson relativos à profissionalização do ofício de sociólogo e à consolidação da prática de pesquisa, ambos reinterpretaram sua "ciência sociológica", fundada no ideal do distanciamento do cientista em relação à esfera da ação prático-política, em um sentido mais ambicioso de intervenção social. (AU)

The authors analyze the reception of Donald Pierson's conceptions of sociology in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on the cases of Luiz de Aguiar Costa Pinto e Alberto Guerreiro Ramos. Pierson is known for having propagated certain patterns of scientific work associated with the Chicago School of Sociology through articles, books, lectures at Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política in São Paulo and conferences throughout the country. Costa Pinto e Guerreiro Ramos, former students in Social Sciences at Faculdade Nacional de Filosofia, approached Pierson's ideas while struggling to consolidate their career as sociologists. Despite agreeing with Pierson on the importance of establishing a professional identity and of promoting research-based inquiries, they reinterpreted some aspects of his "science of sociology", replacing the ideal of noncommitment to political and practical action with a more ambitious agenda of social intervention. (AU)

Donald Pierson e o Projeto do Vale do Rio São Francisco: cientistas sociais em ação na era do desenvolvimento / Donald Pierson and the São Francisco River Valley Project: social scientists in action in the age of development

Amid rapid social changes in Brazil in the 1950s, wide-reaching collective research projects in the social sciences were conducted in partnership between Brazilian and international agencies working in regional development. Cooperation between social scientists and government staff was based on the expectation that social and anthropological studies would orient the changes then under way. By approaching the research program in the São Francisco River Valley, the article examines a turning point in the career of sociologist Donald Pierson, combining analyses of context and content in his intellectual production. Pierson concentrated initially on the institutionalization of the social sciences in Brazil, promoting a standard of sociological work based on scientific research. In his research in the São Francisco River Valley, Pierson adopted a new approach by combining the sociologists role as scientist with that of agent of social change, thereby highlighting the importance of the application of sociological knowledge in practice. (AU)

Dans les années 1950 au Brésil, au milieu de changements sociaux accélérés, on a entrepris dimportants projets collectifs de recherche en sciences sociales en partenariat avec des agences nationales et internationales intéressées par le développement régional. La coopération entre chercheurs et techniciens de la fonction publique était fondée sur le souhait que les études sociologiques et anthropologiques pourraient guider les transformations en cours. À partir de lexamen du programme de recherches de la Vallée du Rio São Francisco, on cherche, dans cet article, à saisir les inflexions de trajectoire du sociologue Donald Pierson, en y associant l'analyse du contexte et celle du contenu de sa production intellectuelle. Au départ, Pierson sest concentré sur linstitutionnalisation des sciences sociales au Brésil, en proposant un modèle de travail sociologique calqué sur la recherche empirique. Mais, au cours de ses enquêtes dans la vallée du fleuve, il adopte une nouvelle perspective en incorporant au rôle de spécialiste sociologue celui d'agent du changement social, tout en soulignant limportance de l'application du savoir sociologique. (AU)

Donald Pierson e o Projeto do Vale do Rio São Francisco: cientistas sociais em ação na era do desenvolvimento / Donald Pierson and the São Francisco River Valley Project: social scientists in action in the age of development

Amid rapid social changes in Brazil in the 1950s, wide-reaching collective research projects in the social sciences were conducted in partnership between Brazilian and international agencies working in regional development. Cooperation between social scientists and government staff was based on the expectation that social and anthropological studies would orient the changes then under way. By approaching the research program in the São Francisco River Valley, the article examines a turning point in the career of sociologist Donald Pierson, combining analyses of context and content in his intellectual production. Pierson concentrated initially on the institutionalization of the social sciences in Brazil, promoting a standard of sociological work based on scientific research. In his research in the São Francisco River Valley, Pierson adopted a new approach by combining the sociologist’s role as scientist with that of agent of social change, thereby highlighting the importance of the application of sociological knowledge in practice.

Dans les années 1950 au Brésil, au milieu de changements sociaux accélérés, on a entrepris d’importants projets collectifs de recherche en sciences sociales en partenariat avec des agences nationales et internationales intéressées par le développement régional. La coopération entre chercheurs et techniciens de la fonction publique était fondée sur le souhait que les études sociologiques et anthropologiques pourraient guider les transformations en cours. À partir de l’examen du programme de recherches de la Vallée du Rio São Francisco, on cherche, dans cet article, à saisir les inflexions de trajectoire du sociologue Donald Pierson, en y associant l'analyse du contexte et celle du contenu de sa production intellectuelle. Au départ, Pierson s’est concentré sur l’institutionnalisation des sciences sociales au Brésil, en proposant un modèle de travail sociologique calqué sur la recherche empirique. Mais, au cours de ses enquêtes dans la vallée du fleuve, il adopte une nouvelle perspective en incorporant au rôle de spécialiste sociologue celui d'agent du changement social, tout en soulignant l’importance de l'application du savoir sociologique.

Da escola de Chicago ao nacional-desenvolvimentismo: saúde e nação no pensamento de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1940 - 1950) / From Chicago school to national developmentalism: health and nation in the thought of Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1940-1950)

O artigo explora a interface entre Saúde Pública e Ciências Sociais no pensamento de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos (1940-1950), à luz de sua trajetória intelectual e do desenvolvimento daquelas disciplinas no Brasil. Indica-se como a Saúde foi um elemento-chave para as interpretações de Guerreiro Ramos sobre a Nação e sobre o papel que as Ciências Sociais deveriam assumir no processo de modernização da sociedade. Iniciando sua carreira em agências governamentais, seus primeiros trabalhos sobre Saúde e Infância foram inspirados por abordagens sociológicas norte-americanas, notadamente da chamada "Escola de Chicago". Nos anos 1950, Guerreiro analisou o problema da mortalidade infantil como resultado de estruturas socioeconômicas subdesenvolvidas e criticou os programas de saúde pública que, a seu ver, estavam desarticulados do objetivo prioritário de industrialização.(AU)

This paper explores the interface between Public Health and Social Sciences in Alberto Guerreiro Ramos' thought (1940-1950), in the light of his intellectual trajectory and the history of Social Sciences in Brazil. It shows how Health itself was a key-element for Guerreiro Ramos's interpretation about nation and the role of Social Sciences in the process of modernization. Starting his career in Brazilian government agencies, Guerreiro's first writings on Well-child care and Health were inspired by north-American sociological approaches, mainly derived from the so-called "Chicago School of Sociology". In the 1950s, Guerreiro Ramos accounted for health problems such as infant mortality in terms of "underdeveloped" social-economic structures and criticized Brazilian health programs he somehow considered detached from the country's main goal of industrialization.(AU)

Sociologia e puericultura no pensamento de Guerreiro Ramos: diálogos com a Escola de Chicago (1943 - 1948)

Este trabalho investiga a produção intelectual de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos decorrente de sua atuação como professor no Departamento Nacional da Criança (DNCr). Entre 1943 a 1948, o sociólogo foi responsável pela cadeira “Problemas Econômicos e Sociais do Brasil” do Curso de Puericultura e Administração, destinado à formação domédico puericultor. Este técnico atuaria nos serviços estaduais e municipais deproteção materno-infantil distribuídos pelo país. A produção sociológica de Guerreiro Ramos acerca da Saúde e da Infância esteve marcada pela apropriação de referenciais teórico-metodológicos das Ciências Sociais norte-americanas, oriundos, mais especificamente, da Universidade de Chicago. Ao remeter os trabalhos do sociólogo tanto ao conjunto de questões presentes no DNCr quanto aos debates intelectuais engendrados pelo processo de profissionalização das Ciências Sociais no Brasil, este trabalho busca analisar os critérios que nortearam sua apropriação daquelas abordagens sociológicas. Explora-se a hipótese de que a utilização, por parte deGuerreiro Ramos, de perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas norte-americanas, ocorrendo de forma seletiva, serviu ao seu esforço de legitimação da cientificidade daSociologia frente aos quadros do DNCr e à sociedade mais ampla. Afirma-se ainda que Guerreiro entreviu no saber-fazer da pesquisa empírica que o sociólogo norteamericanoDonald Pierson vinha divulgando no país a possibilidade para que osestudiosos entrassem em contato com os fatos conformadores da realidade social brasileira, de modo que estivessem aptos a tratar eficazmente de seus problemas. Assim, Guerreiro Ramos conferiu sentido fundamentalmente prático-normativo ao afazer sociológico proposto por Pierson, em um movimento que significou a redefinição das fronteiras disciplinares da Sociologia.

O trabalho trata também de espaços ainda pouco explorados nos quais atuaram cientistas sociais à época de consolidação da Sociologia no país, a saber, aqueles diretamente vinculados ao Estado. Neste caso, este estudo objetiva aprofundar as análises acerca das Ciências Sociais tais como eram praticadas no Rio de Janeiro e que, como indica o caso em tela, tiveram na Saúde importante material para a construção de seus objetos. Buscase, neste movimento, lançar luzes sobre os processos de circulação e recepção de ideias sociológicas estrangeiras no país ou, mais precisamente, sobre a incorporação de novos padrões de cientificidade às análises do social no contexto intelectual brasileiro.(AU)

The author investigates Alberto Guerreiro Ramos intellectual work stemming from his activity as a professor in Departamento Nacional da Criança (DNCr). From 1943to 1948, the sociologist was responsible for the subject “Brazils Social and Economic Problems” in the Puericulture and Administration Course, for the training of puericultores (child physicians). These professionals were expected to work in state and local child welfare services throughout the country. Guerreiro Ramos sociological work on Health and Child Welfare was marked by the appropriation of theoretical and methodological frameworks from U.S. Social Sciences, deriving, more specifically, from the University of Chicago. By referring the work of the sociologist to both the set of questions presented in DNCr and the intellectual debates engendered by the process of professionalization of the Social Sciences in Brazil, the author seeks to examine the criteria that guided his appropriation of those sociological approaches. One of our hypotheses is that Guerreiro Ramos use of U.S. theoretical and methodological perspectives, occurring selectively, served his effort to legitimize thescientificity of Sociology for DNCrs staff and society at large. It is also claimed that Guerreiro saw in the know-how of empirical research that the American sociologist Donald Pierson was spreading in the country the opportunity for students to get in touch with the facts constituting Brazilian social reality in other to effectively treat itsmain problems.

Thus, Guerreiro Ramos interpreted in an essentially practicalnormative sense the kind of Sociology Pierson was proposing, in a process that meant the redefinition of Sociologys disciplinary boundaries. This work is also about unexplored fields in which social scientists worked at the time of Sociology consolidation in Brasil, namely, those directly linked to the state. It aims to deepen our analysis of the Social Sciences such as were practiced in Rio de Janeiro. It alsoseeks to shed light on the processes of circulation and reception of foreignsociological ideas in Brasl or, more precisely, on the incorporation of new standards of social scientific analysis in Brazilian intellectual context.(AU)