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1.
Infant Ment Health J ; 42(1): 87-95, 2021 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32978996

RESUMO

Knowledge and understanding about the impact of cumulative adverse experiences on the health and wellbeing of children, adolescents, and adults has rapidly expanded over the past 30 years. Despite the invaluable attention and support this proliferation has drawn to the importance of early childhood experiences, we believe that it is time to move beyond broad indices of risk and toward more specific and individualized understanding of how risk exposures are linked to clinical outcomes in young children. Within infant and early childhood mental health, there is a need for greater specificity in linking adverse caregiving experiences in early life to psychopathology in children. We highlight a framework distinguishing experiences of trauma from experiences of deprivation and use the examples of posttraumatic stress disorder and reactive attachment disorder to demonstrate how greater specificity in our understanding of early adverse caregiving can lead to more accurate and targeted diagnosis and treatment for young children. Both researchers and clinicians benefit from an approach to gain a greater appreciation of the links between specific types of experiences and outcomes in the children that we serve.


El conocimiento y la comprensión acerca del impacto de experiencias adversas acumuladas sobre la salud y bienestar de los niños, adolescentes y adultos se ha expandido rápidamente durante los pasados 30 años. A pesar de la inestimable atención y apoyo que esta proliferación ha derivado con respecto a la importancia de las experiencias de la temprana niñez, creemos que es tiempo de pasar más allá de los amplios índices de riesgo hacia una comprensión más específica e individualizada de cómo el hecho de estar expuesto a riesgo se conecta con los resultados clínicos en niños pequeños. Dentro el camp de la salud mental infantil, hay una necesidad por mayor especificidad para conectar las adversas experiencias de prestación de cuidado en la temprana parte de la vida con la sicopatología en los niños. Enfatizamos un marco de trabajo que distingue las experiencias de trauma de las experiencias de privaciones y uso de ejemplos del trastorno de estrés postraumático y el trastorno reactivo de la vinculación para demostrar hasta qué punto la especificidad en nuestra comprensión del temprano cuidado adverso puede llevar a un diagnóstico y tratamiento más acertado y dirigido para los niños pequeños. Tanto los investigadores como el personal clínico se benefician de un acercamiento para obtener una mayor apreciación de os lazos entre tipos específicos y resultados en los niños a quienes les servimos.


Les connaissances et la compréhension sur l'impact d'une accumulation d'expériences adverses sur la santé et le bien-être des enfants, des adolescents et des adultes se sont rapidement étendues au fil des 30 dernières années. En dépit de l'attention précieuse et du soutien de cette prolifération qui ont montré l'importance des expériences de la petite enfance, nous pensons qu'il est temps de passer au-delà des indices généraux de risque pour désormais privilégier une compréhension plus spécifique et individualisée de la manière dont les expositions au risqué sont liées aux résultats cliniques chez les jeunes enfants. Au sein de la santé mentale du nourrisson, il est nécessaire d'avoir une plus grande spécificité dans le lien entre les expériences adverses de modes de soin au début de la vie à la psychopathologie chez les enfants. Nous mettons en lumière une structure qui distingue les expériences de trauma d'expériences de privation et utilisons les exemples du trouble de stress posttraumatique et du trouble de l'attachement réactif afin de démontrer la manière dont une plus grande spécificité dans notre compréhension peut mener à un diagnostic et à un traitement plus précis et plus ciblés pour les jeunes enfants. A la fois les chercheurs et les cliniciens bénéficient d'une approche qui nous fait gagner une plus grande appréciation des liens entre les types spécifiques d'expériences et les résultats chez les enfants que nous servons.


Assuntos
Transtorno Reativo de Vinculação na Infância , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Saúde Mental , Psicopatologia
2.
Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes ; 147-148: 20-27, 2019 Nov.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31623979

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex educational intervention to improve the diagnostic competencies of general practitioners (GPs) regarding the detection of depression, anxiety and somatization. METHODS: Cluster-randomized controlled pilot study with six practices each in the intervention group and in the control group. Psychological morbidity was determined by patient self-report using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D). GPs rated the extent of psychological morbidity on a numerical rating scale from 0 (no co-morbidity) to 10 (maximum) of the individual patient after the consultation, independent of the reason for encounter. RESULTS: 364 patients participated. There were moderate correlations between GP rating and the PHQ scales (Spearman correlation between 0.27 and 0.42). There was no significant difference between intervention and control group. Diagnostic accuracy of the GPs, as determined with areas under the curves (AUCs), ranged between 0.52 (95%KI 0.30-0.73) and 0.84 (95%KI 0.67-1.00). The AUCs showed significant heterogeneity (Cochran Q=25.0; p<0.01). The regression analysis with 'presence of psychological disorder' (in PHQ) as the dependent variable showed that longer duration of doctor-patient-relationship was negatively associated with psychological morbidity (OR 0.96; 95%KI 0.92-0.99; p=0.01). There was a significant interaction between the factors 'time of doctor-patient relationship' and 'GP rating' (ß=0.02; OR 1.02, 95%KI 1.01-1.03; p<0.001), pointing towards increasing diagnostic accuracy when patients are known for a longer time. DISCUSSION: We found no significant effect regarding the educational intervention. The GPs' estimation regarding psychological morbidity correlated significantly with the self-rating of the patients on PHQ scales. However, there was a considerable inter-individual variation between the GPs' diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic estimation improved with increasing duration of doctor-physician relationship. CONCLUSION: A one-time educational intervention seems not to be sufficient to improve diagnostic competencies in the detection of psychological morbidity. The considerable variation of the diagnostic accuracy might explain why 'one-size-fits-all' educational interventions will not help improve diagnostic competencies.


Assuntos
Competência Clínica , Medicina Geral , Clínicos Gerais/educação , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Relações Médico-Paciente , Educação Médica Continuada , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Medicina Geral/educação , Medicina Geral/normas , Alemanha , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Encaminhamento e Consulta
3.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 106(25): 1383-1389, 2017.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29231080
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