ABSTRACT
A series of sulfonamide-containing 1,5-diarylpyrazole derivatives were prepared and evaluated for their ability to block cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro and in vivo. Extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) work was carried out within this series, and a number of potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2 were identified. Since an early structural lead (1f, SC-236) exhibited an unacceptably long plasma half-life, a number of pyrazole analogs containing potential metabolic sites were evaluated further in vivo in an effort to identify compounds with acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles. This work led to the identification of 1i (4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)- H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide, SC-58635, celecoxib), which is currently in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism , Sulfonamides/chemical synthesis , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Animals , Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy , Carrageenan/pharmacology , Celecoxib , Cyclooxygenase 1 , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/chemistry , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Hyperalgesia/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Male , Membrane Proteins , Molecular Structure , Osteoarthritis/drug therapy , Pyrazoles , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
We reported previously that the endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitor phosphoramidon lowers mean arterial pressure (MAP) when infused in conscious, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). In this study we determined the dose-response relationship for this action in SHRs and in a high-renin hypertensive model, the renal artery-ligated rat. We also determined whether the ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 (cyclo [D-Trp-D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu]) might lower MAP in hypertensive rats. Phosphoramidon lowered MAP by 9 +/- 4, 31 +/- 4, and 40 +/- 4 mm Hg after 5 h when infused in SHRs at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/h. This lowering of MAP was associated with dose-related inhibition of the pressor response to a bolus intravenous injection of big ET (1-39) at 1 nmol/kg. BQ-123 also lowered MAP in SHRs (by 25 +/- 3 mm Hg), but only at a very high dose (50 mg/kg/h for 5 h). At this dose, BQ-123 blocked the pressor response to a bolus intravenous injection of ET-1 (1 nmol/kg), but the blockade was incomplete. Phosphoramidon infused in conscious, renal hypertensive rats lowered MAP by 31 +/- 9, 46 +/- 8, and 54 +/- 1 mm Hg after 5 h at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/h, respectively. This lowering of MAP was associated with blockade of the pressor response to big ET (1-39). BQ-123 did not lower MAP in renal hypertensive rats when infused at 30 mg/kg/h for 5 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subject(s)
Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Endothelin Receptor Antagonists , Glycopeptides/pharmacology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Neprilysin/antagonists & inhibitors , Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology , Amino Acid Sequence , Angiotensin I/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Endothelin-1 , Endothelin-Converting Enzymes , Endothelins/pharmacology , Hypertension, Renal/physiopathology , Male , Metalloendopeptidases , Molecular Sequence Data , Protein Precursors/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, Sprague-DawleySubject(s)
Endothelins/antagonists & inhibitors , Glycopeptides/chemical synthesis , Neprilysin/antagonists & inhibitors , Organophosphorus Compounds/chemical synthesis , Animals , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Glycopeptides/chemistry , Glycopeptides/pharmacology , Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology , Rabbits , Structure-Activity RelationshipSubject(s)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors , Isoenzymes/pharmacology , Isoxazoles/pharmacology , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/pharmacology , Acylation , Animals , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors , Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Dogs , Injections , Isoxazoles/administration & dosage , Macaca fascicularis , Male , RatsABSTRACT
A series of methysulfonyl or sulfonamido substituted 4,5-diaryloxazole were prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the inducible form of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in vitro and in vivo. Several unique substitution patterns were identified that led to potent and selective inhibitors of COX-2. In general, 2-trifluoromethly-4,5-diaryloxazoles substituted with a methylsulfonyl or sulfonamido group were particularly potent inhibitors. One of the more potent compounds with a selectivity for COX-2 of about 800 fold was 4b (SC-299). SC-299, a highly fluorescent molecule, may be useful for spectroscopic studies on preferential inhibitor binding to COX-2.