Cysticercal Encephalitis in a Young Female: A Rare Presentation of Neurocysticercosis.

One of the most frequent parasite infections of the central nervous system is neurocysticercosis. This neurologic condition is caused by Taenia solium (T. solium) larval infestation. Infected pork intake, poor hygiene practices, water tainted with T. solium, or asymptomatic carriers are the main ways of spread. We describe a case of neurocysticercosis in a young woman who presented with low-grade fever, headache, altered sensorium, and recurrent seizures. Computed tomography of the head revealed an inflammatory granuloma and a ring-increased attenuating lesion in the left temporal region. Additionally, a well-defined rounded discrete lesion was identified in the left parietal region on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Even if the symptoms do not initially suggest neurocysticercosis or if the patient lives in a region where the condition is uncommon, our case depicts adding neurocysticercosis to the differential diagnosis for encephalitis.

A Rare Phenomenon of Lithium-Associated Acne Inversa: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Lithium use has been associated with dermatological issues, including psoriasis, folliculitis, and acneiform outbreaks. The lithium dosage and the therapeutic range of serum lithium levels are closely correlated with the frequency of cutaneous adverse effects. Lithium-induced acne inversa is a less well-known adverse effect, causing significant morbidity. Acne inversa (hidradenitis suppurativa) is a chronic inflammatory illness of the skin seen in the folds of the skin and face and distinguished by the presence of painful nodules and fistulas, as well as a propensity for tissue fibrosis. We report two cases of bipolar affective disorder who received long-term lithium treatment and experienced acne inversa during treatment, which subsided once the lithium was withdrawn.

A Rare Case of Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophy and Its Management: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A subset of hereditary white matter disorders called hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLD) is characterized primarily by the absence of myelin deposition. Although the clinical presentation can be mild and the development of symptoms can occur in adolescence or adulthood, the majority of severe cases present during infancy and early childhood with significant neurological impairments. The clinical features vary from muscle stiffness to seizures and developmental delay. The detailed myelination process can be seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and many patients are diagnosed using MRI pattern recognition and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in most cases. Here, we report a case of an infant suffering from the hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-13 (HLD-13) variant, whose next-generation sequencing revealed a pathogenic homozygous variant.

Factors in the Development of Somatoform Disorders Among Children: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction Somatoform disorders (SFDs) are a spectrum of diseases mainly manifesting with physical symptoms of no recognizable etiology. These disorders are believed to be primarily influenced and exacerbated by psychological factors. Given the connection between parental sociodemographics and psychological factors and SFDs, there is a pressing need to investigate this area further, particularly concerning parents and their children affected by somatoform disorders. Aims and objectives The aims and objectives of this study are as follows: i) study the determinants of SFDs, namely, parent handling of child, parent-child relationship, parenting with respect to attending to the needs of children, and intelligence quotient (IQ) of parents, and ii) compare host factors to the factors matched in control subjects. Materials and methods We adopted purposive sampling in our case-control study. The study sample was obtained from the psychiatry department of the Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial (GSVM) Medical College, Kanpur, India, from September 2020 to December 2022, once a week, every Monday. Children manifesting SFD manifestations that are among the chief complaints were included in our study. Results A total of 115 cases were included in our study based on inclusion criteria. The study compared sociodemographic characteristics, intelligence quotient (IQ), parental characteristics, parental handling, parent-child relationships, and parenting practices between a patient group and a control group. The results showed no significant differences in sex, religion, occupation, domicile, and socioeconomic status in both control and patient groups. However, significant differences were found in parental characteristics, such as lower mean age, education, and IQ, in the patient group. This difference between the patient and control groups with respect to the parental handling questionnaire was statistically significant for the domain of "praise," "talk," "feel better," "comes to you," "unduly strict" items, "frequently reprimanded," "tried to control everything," creative activities, protectiveness, education, neglecting, objective punishment, housing, medical care, demanding, symbolic reward, loving, objective reward, food, parent-to-child communication, clothing, support, routine, recreation, social activities, rules, managing problem behavior, guidance for career, and security. Conclusion Parents were deficient in terms of years of education, occupational status, IQ, parental handling, parent-child relationship, and parenting with respect to the children's needs. These findings offer insights into the sociodemographic and psychological factors contributing to the patient group's condition.

A Rare Presentation of Shared Phenomenon in Dissociative Disorders in Extreme of Ages: A Report of Two Cases.

Conversion disorders (CD) are changes in sensorimotor activity experienced by an individual due to an external event. Patients may experience "pseudoseizures" accompanied by the presence or absence of loss of consciousness. Disorders of movement and sensation is the term used to classify the various kinds of CDs in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic manual, and they are the rarest among all dissociative disorders. We will discuss two instances that are particularly rare. The first includes an older couple, starting with the wife, who had nervousness, heightened worry, intrusive thoughts, heavy perspiration, palpitations, headaches, and problems sleeping. She was prescribed 10 mg once-daily escitalopram. She stopped taking her medication and had facial and hand problems. The patient's 65-year-old husband started having strange hand and face movements and lost consciousness. The pair was hospitalized willingly and had radiographic (MRI and non-contrast computerized tomography {NCCT} head), nerve conduction, and neurological tests to rule out a movement issue. No inquiry or inspections uncovered anything unusual. The second case involves a mother and her 13-year-old son, who was taken to a psychiatric unit after urinating on a religious shrine. His mother had the same issue and couldn't urinate for days. Both patients were given 25 mg of paroxetine and benzodiazepines for anxiety and sleeplessness. After a week of medicine and psychotherapy after identifying stressors, both cases improved.