A neuropsychological study comparing patients infected with HCV and HBV without psychiatric comorbidities.

Hepatitis C is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases worldwide, with well-documented extra-hepatic manifestations, such as a broad number of cognitive deficits. These impairments may be explained by psychiatric comorbidities, which have not been investigated properly in the literature. In order to elucidate a specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced cognitive impairment not related to mental disorders, neuropsychological performance of patients infected with HCV was compared with that of patients infected with hepatitis B virus cognitive impairment, especially psychiatric comorbidities. A total of 33 patients infected with HCV and 22 patients infected with HBV were included in the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age or years of education. The group of patients infected with HCV performed significantly worse on visuo-spatial memory tasks after adjusting for years of education and age. There were no significant differences between patients infected with HCV and patients infected with HBV with regards to other neuropsychological functions. The data indicate that patients infected with HCV patients have poorer visuo-spatial memory performance than patients infected with HBV, suggesting that the cognitive deficit may be specific to HCV infection and not to secondary comorbid psychiatric disorders.

[Birth weight as predictor for the severity of neonatal brain white matter lesion]. / Peso de nascimento como preditor para a gravidade da lesão da substância branca cerebral neonatal.

To analyze the association of natal factors with the severity of neonatal brain white matter lesion (WML) by controlling the birth weight, we identified newborns with WML who were divided into: those with WML evolution towards resolution of the ultrasound image (less severe), and those who evolved with cist formation and/or ventriculomegalia and/or hemorrhage (greater severity). There were differences among the twelve variables (hyponatremia, anemia, infection, retinopathy, broncopulmonary dysplasia, hypoalbuminemia, persistence of the arterial canal, altered audiometry, early respiratory distress, birth weigh below 2,500 g, weight per category, and prematurity) between the two groups (p<0.05), being that nine variables (hyponatremia, infection, retinopathy, hypoalbuminemia, persistence of the arterial canal, early respiratory distress, low weight, prematurity, and weight per category) remained statistically different (p<0.01) after the logistic regression analysis. When the variables were analyzed by birth weight category none of them presented statistical significance. This study suggests that birth weight is the major factor--likely the only one--associated to the severity of neonatal brain white matter lesion.

Brain white matter lesions correlated to newborns death and lethality

OBJECTIVES: to describe hospital lethality rates and factors correlated to death in neonates with brain white matter lesions. METHODS: a retrospective study was performed from January 1994 to December 2001. Neonates with white brain matter lesions were divided into survival and death groups and their medical files reviewed through the single blind method to determine evolution. Death certificates provided the cause of death. The groups were compared through correlation coefficients. Hospital lethality rate was calculated. RESULTS: ninety three cases of white brain matter lesions and seven deaths were determined. Hospital lethality rate was of 8.2. percent (95 percentCI: 2.4-14.0) independently from lesion occurrence time, and of 10.3 percent (95 percentCI: 3.3-17.3) for deaths occurred during prenatal and perinatal periods. Death was correlated to: Apgar score, non-cephalic presentation, gestational age, hyperglicemia, hypercalcemia, convulsion, respiratory insufficiency and atelectasy. CONCLUSIONS: hospital lethality was of 10.3 percent generating the following hypothesis: perinatal asphyxia must be the principal direct and indirect etiologic factor (aggravating the expression of prematurity and infection diseases), of prenatal and perinatal mortality among newborns with white brain matter lesions; and <7 Apgar score in the 5th minute associated to brain white matter lesions, are markers for perinatal asphyxia diagnosis.

OBJETIVOS: descrever a taxa de letalidade hospitalar e fatores correlacionados com o óbito em crianças com lesão da substância branca cerebral (LSB). MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo realizado de janeiro de 1994 a dezembro de 2001. Os neonatos com LSB foram divididos em sobreviventes ou óbito, e seus prontuários revisados de forma cega para a evolução. Dos atestados de óbito, a causa de morte. Os grupos foram comparados por coeficientes de correlação. Calculada a taxa de letalidade hospitalar. RESULTADOS: foram encontrados 93 casos de LSB e sete óbitos. A taxa de letalidade hospitalar foi de 8,2 por cento, (IC95 por cento: 2,4-14,0), independentemente da época de instalação da lesão, e de 10,3 por cento (IC95 por cento: 3,3-17,3) para aqueles de ocorrência pré/perinatal. O óbito correlacionou-se com: escore de Apgar, apresentação não-cefálica, idade gestacional, hiperglicemia, hipercalcemia, convulsão, insuficiência respiratória e atelectasia. CONCLUSÕES: a letalidade hospitalar foi de 10,3 por cento e as seguintes hipóteses foram geradas: a asfixia perinatal deve ser o principal fator etiológico, direto e indireto (agravando a expressão das doenças da prematuridade e da infecção), da mortalidade pré/perinatal entre neonatos com LSB; e o escore de Apgar do 5o minuto <7, associado à LSB, são marcadores para o diagnóstico de asfixia perinatal.

Peso de nascimento como preditor para a gravidade da lesão da substância branca cerebral neonatal / Birth weight as predictor for the severity of neonatal brain white matter lesion

Para analisar a associação entre fatores natais com a gravidade da lesão da substância branca (LSB) cerebral neonatal, controlando o peso de nascimento, identificaram os neonatos pela ultra-sonografia craniana, que foram divididos em: aqueles com evolução da LSC para resolução da imagem ao ultra-som (menor gravidade) e, aqueles que evoluiram com formação de cistos e/ou ventriculomegalia e/ou hemorragia (maior gravidade). Doze variáveis (hiponatremia, anemia, infecção, retinopatia, displasia broncopulmonar, hipoalbuminemia, persistência do canal arterial, audiometria alterada, desconforto respiratório precoce, peso de nascimento <2500g, peso por categoria e prematuridade) tiveram diferenças entre os dois grupos (p<0,05), sendo que 9 (hiponatremia, infecção, retinopatia, hipoalbuminemia, persistência do canal arterial, desconforto respiratório precoce, baixo peso, prematuridade e peso por categorias) se mantiveram estatisticamente diferentes (p<0,01) após análise por regressão logística. Quando analisadas por categoria de peso de nascimento, nenhuma variável demonstrou significância estatística. O estudo sugere que o peso de nascimento é o maior fator - provavelmente o único - associado com gravidade da LSB cerebral neonatal.