RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: It is known that age-related brain symptoms (gait difficulty and dementia) increase the likelihood of fall-related surgery. In contrast, it is not known which types of brain disease underlie such symptoms most. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate brain diseases with the types of surgeries performed at our hospital for patients who had fallen. METHODS: This was a retrospective study at a multifaculty university hospital in Japan, with a 12-month recruiting period, a follow-up period of 3.0 ± 2.5 weeks, and ≥1×/week visits. We assembled a neurogeriatric team to diagnose brain diseases with the use of brain imaging to the extent possible and correlated the diagnoses with types of fall-related surgery. RESULTS: Fall-related surgery was conducted by the orthopedics (OP) and neurosurgery (NS) faculties (total n = 124) at a ratio of about 2 to 1. The underlying brain diseases differed by faculty; for OP, surgery was most commonly performed in patients with a combination of white matter disease (WMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (79%) followed by dementia with Lewy bodies. In contrast, for NS, the most common surgery was for patients with alcoholism (50%) followed by a combination of WMD and AD. CONCLUSION: Fall-related surgery was performed by the OP and NS faculties at a 2 to 1 ratio. The major underlying brain diseases were a combination of WMD and AD (79%) for OP and alcoholism (50%) for NS.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Leucoencefalopatías , Enfermedad por Cuerpos de Lewy , Accidentes por Caídas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/cirugía , Humanos , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a disease that causes leukoencephalopathy (dementia) and peripheral neuropathy (variable manifestation including bladder dysfunction). This is the first urodynamic report to show that bladder dysfunction in NIID is a combination of detrusor overactivity, decreased bladder sensation, large post-void residual, and neurogenic changes in the sphincter electromyogram. This report will help managing bladder dysfunction in NIID.
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Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/complicaciones , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Urológicas/etiología , Enfermedades Urológicas/fisiopatología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Cuerpos de Inclusión Intranucleares , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Urodinámica/fisiologíaRESUMEN
We report the case of a 52-year-old Japanese man who, while he had no cerebellar ataxia or parkinsonism, was revealed to have silent cerebellar hypoperfusion/mild cerebellar atrophy and sacral autonomic disorder. His sacral autonomic disorder was urinary retention without marked prostate hyperplasia. Urodynamics-sphincter electromyography revealed detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contraction and neurogenic changes of the sphincter motor unit potentials. Although he did not have a motor disorder, these features suggested possible multiple system atrophy-cerebellar (MSA-C) form. The present case report suggests that neuroimaging helps in diagnosing "premotor" MSA-C form in situ.
Asunto(s)
Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/complicaciones , Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/diagnóstico por imagen , Retención Urinaria/etiología , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cerebelo/patología , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/patología , Neuroimagen/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único/métodosRESUMEN
We describe a case of a 57-year-old man who, immediately after a right parietal ischemic stroke, showed urodynamically determined bladder sensory decrement during filling and an underactive detrusor during voiding, both of which were ameliorated during the course of his treatment. The lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) occurs in stroke in up to 60% of patients, when it involves the frontal and insular cortices. In addition, LUTS does occur in parietal stroke as seen in our patient, presumably by sensory deafferentiation within the brain that is relevant to the central regulation of the micturition reflex.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/etiología , Lóbulo Parietal/irrigación sanguínea , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Vejiga Urinaria de Baja Actividad/etiología , Vejiga Urinaria/inervación , Urodinámica , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatología , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Humanos , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/diagnóstico , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recuperación de la Función , Reflejo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vejiga Urinaria de Baja Actividad/diagnóstico , Vejiga Urinaria de Baja Actividad/fisiopatología , MicciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate gastrointestinal function in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease. METHODS: We examined gastric emptying and colonic transit time in 19 dementia with Lewy bodies and 46 Parkinson disease patients. RESULTS: Gastric emptying was longer in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease (p = 0.014). Colonic transit time tended to be longer in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease. There was no relationship between gastric emptying and colonic transit time, nor between gastric emptying, colonic transit time and age. CONCLUSION: Gastric emptying was prolonged in dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Parkinson disease.
Asunto(s)
Vaciamiento Gástrico/fisiología , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Enfermedad por Cuerpos de Lewy/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a disease that combines autonomic (orthostatic or bladder) with motor [parkinsonian (MSA-P) or cerebellar (MSA-C)] dysfunction. While bladder dysfunction may occur earlier than motor disorders, thus far no prospective study has been available to determine how often and how early bladder autonomic dysfunction predates motor dysfunction in MSA. Therefore, we present data from detailed history-taking in patients with MSA. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study. Detailed history-taking was performed and a questionnaire administered in 121 MSA patients (73 MSA-C, 48 MSA-P; 74 men, 47 women; age, 58 ± 8.0 years; initial recruitment period, 5 years; follow-up, 6.5 ± 4.0 years). RESULTS: Among the patients with MSA-C, 40 patients (55%) suffered motor dysfunction first, 22 (30%) suffered autonomic dysfunction first, and 11 (15%) initially suffered both simultaneously. Among the patients with MSA-P, 22 patients (46%) suffered motor dysfunction first, 22 (46%) suffered autonomic dysfunction first, and two (8%) initially suffered both simultaneously. Among the 'autonomic-first' subgroup of MSA-C patients, five suffered orthostatic dysfunction first, 13 suffered urinary dysfunction first, and four initially suffered both simultaneously. Among the 'autonomic-first' subgroup of MSA-P patients, six suffered orthostatic dysfunction first, nine suffered urinary dysfunction first, and seven initially suffered both simultaneously. Urinary symptoms were further preceded by erectile dysfunction in men. Overall, 18.2% of patients suffered only urinary symptoms initially, and the mean interval from the onset of urinary to the onset of motor symptoms was 2.8 years (range 1-7 years). CONCLUSION: In MSA patients, 18.2% presented with bladder dysfunction as the sole initial manifestation, and the mean interval from the onset of urinary to the onset of motor symptoms was 2.8 years. It is clinically important to avoid unnecessary prostatic surgery when MSA patients see urologists before neurologists.
Asunto(s)
Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/complicaciones , Vejiga Urinaria Neurogénica/etiología , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
AIM OF THE STUDY: Diffusion-weighted image (DWI) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can reveal high signal lesion in up to 50% of transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. However, it is not well-known which factors determine developing DWI positivity. In order to answer this question, we analyzed factors relevant to DWI positivity in TIA patients. METHODS: We had 257 stroke patients at a university emergency/neurology wards. They were 140 men, 117 women, mean age 72 (45-88) years. Among them, 24 (9.3%) had TIA (14 men, 10 women, mean age 71 [58-82] years). All patients underwent a 1.5T MRI. In 24 TIA patients, we investigated the following parameters in relation with stroke maturation: ABCD2 score, smoking habits, blood profile, HbA1C, dyslipidemia, coagulation factors, carotid echography, electrocardiography, cardiac echography, chest X-ray, neurological symptom/signs, imaging, and recurrence of neurological symptom on follow-up. RESULTS: In 24 TIA patients, 13 (54%) were DWI positive and 11 (46%) were DWI negative. After an extensive analysis, all parameters were not relevant to DWI positivity except for plasma osmolarity, i.e., plasma osmolarity in DWI positive cases (305.3 mOsm/l) is significantly higher than that in DWI negative cases (301.3 mOsm/l) (Pâ¯=â¯.0064). As for recurrence, 4 of 24 TIA patients recurred. They were 1 (9.0%) of 11 DWI negative cases and 3 (23.1%) of 13 DWI positive cases. Therefore, DWI positive cases recurred more frequently than DWI negative cases did, although it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: TIA with DWI positivity in our institute was 54%, closely associated with initial dehydration and might predict stroke recurrence.
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Deshidratación/complicaciones , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores/sangre , Deshidratación/sangre , Deshidratación/diagnóstico , Deshidratación/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/sangre , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio/etiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado de Hidratación del Organismo , Concentración Osmolar , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Recurrencia , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
In order to investigate lower urinary tract function in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), we recruited 12 HSP patients: 8 men, 4 women; mean age, 64.6 years; mean disease duration, 18.9 years; walk without cane, 2, walk with cane, 6, wheelchair bound, 3. We performed urinary symptom questionnaires and a urodynamic testing in all patients. As a result, urinary symptoms were observed in all but 3, including urinary urgency/frequency (also called overactive bladder) in 9 and hesitancy/poor stream in 6. Urodynamic abnormalities included detrusor overactivity during bladder filling in 10, underactive detrusor on voiding in 8 (detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contraction [DHIC] in 5), detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) on voiding in 3, and post-void residual in 5. Sphincter electromyography showed neurogenic motor unit potential in 4. In conclusion, we observed high frequency of urinary symptoms in HSP. Urodynamics indicated that the main mechanism is DHIC with/without DSD for their urinary symptom, and sacral cord involvement in some cases. These findings facilitate patients' care including clean, intermittent catheterization.
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Paraplejía Espástica Hereditaria/complicaciones , Trastornos Urinarios/epidemiología , Trastornos Urinarios/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paraplejía Espástica Hereditaria/orina , Trastornos Urinarios/fisiopatología , UrodinámicaAsunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo/farmacología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/farmacología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/fisiopatología , Urodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/uso terapéutico , Oxihemoglobinas/metabolismo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Bladder function of patients with Parkinson's disease alters significantly: the majority of patients have overactive bladder (urinary urgency/frequency) with little or no post-void residuals. This seems to be the result of an altered brain-bladder relationship, as in Parkinson's disease, the frontal-basal ganglia D1 dopaminergic circuit that normally suppresses the micturition reflex is altered. The pathophysiology of the bladder dysfunction in Parkinson's disease differs from that in multiple system atrophy; therefore, it might also aid in differential diagnosis. The effects of levodopa, the major drug to treat motor dysfunction, on the bladder in Parkinson's disease vary significantly; therefore, add-on therapy is often required. Anticholinergic drugs are the first-line treatment, with particular care for cognitive function in elderly patients. The second-line treatment includes serotonergics drug, desmopressin and others. Newer modalities include deep brain stimulation that improves the bladder in Parkinson's disease; and botulinum toxin is promising, particularly in difficult cases. These treatments might be beneficial in maximizing the patients' quality of life.
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Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/etiología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/fisiopatología , Vejiga Urinaria/fisiopatología , Humanos , Vejiga Urinaria/inervaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In specific stroke cases, serial diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) on day 1 was unable to show a lesion, whereas that on day 4 and later clearly revealed a lesion. However, clinical features of this phenomenon ("invisible" brain stem infarction [IBI] at the first day) have not been fully delineated. METHODS: We retrospectively recruited 212 stroke patients in the Emergency Unit and Neurology Department. Among these, we studied patients with IBI. Definition of IBI is that acute and clear brain stem symptoms/signs on arrival were ameliorated at discharge and appearance of high signal intensity on serial DW images with low apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) by 1.5 T MRI with 2-mm slices. RESULTS: IBI were found in only 6 patients. Day 1 invisible stroke was found only in the brain stem (17%, 6 of 35) but none (0 of 177) in the hemispheric infarction (P < .05). In most patients with IBI, DW MRI turned out visible at the third/fourth day. Before the fourth day, DW/ADC signal changes in patients with IBI were minimal. In IBI, lesion size (mean 2.7 mm(2)) was smaller than that of visible cases (mean 7.3 mm(2)). In IBI, lesion location was mostly at the dorsolateral medulla. In IBI, sensory disturbance was significantly more common (67%) than visible cases (24%; P < .05), whereas dysarthria was less common (0%; P < .01) than visible cases (66%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that patients with smaller stroke volume, sensory disturbance, and medullary location are prone to develop IBI. When evaluating stroke using MRI criteria, recognition of IBI is important to start early management.
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Infartos del Tronco Encefálico/patología , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Bulbo Raquídeo/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedad de Parkinson/fisiopatología , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/etiología , Vejiga Urinaria de Baja Actividad/etiología , Anciano , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Vejiga Urinaria de Baja Actividad/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Fibrilación Atrial/tratamiento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/etiología , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/etiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Fibrilación Atrial/complicaciones , Fibrilación Atrial/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/prevención & control , Toma de Decisiones Clínicas , Esquema de Medicación , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Atención Perioperativa/efectos adversos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We herein report a 73-year-old Japanese woman with possible multiple system atrophy-cerebellar form (MSA-C) who suffered from urinary retention (sacral autonomic disorder) for 12 years before exhibiting cerebellar ataxia. A peculiar combination of findings on urodynamics and sphincter electromyography (EMG), e.g. detrusor hyperactivity with impaired contraction (DHIC), detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) and neurogenic sphincter EMG (upper and lower neuron-type autonomic dysfunction), seems to have been predictive of future development of MSA.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo , Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas , Enfermedades de la Vejiga Urinaria , Retención Urinaria , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/complicaciones , Atrofia de Múltiples Sistemas/diagnóstico , Retención Urinaria/etiología , Urodinámica , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , ElectromiografíaAsunto(s)
Infarto Encefálico/complicaciones , Percepción de Profundidad/fisiología , Lateralidad Funcional , Lóbulo Occipital/patología , Trastornos de la Percepción/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Escala del Estado Mental , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estimulación Luminosa , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
It remains uncertain to what extent lower urinary tract (LUT) symptom (LUTS) is a comorbidity of myasthenia gravis (MG). We prospectively administered a LUTS questionnaire devised for detecting neurogenic pelvic organ dysfunction (not validated) in an MG group and a healthy control group and compared the results. The MG group comprised 21 patients: 15 women and 6 men, with age range 22-73 (mean 47) years, illness duration range 0.2-8 (mean 3.5) years, median Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) grade 2, all walking independently. Therapies included thymectomy in 17, predonisolone 5-20 mg/day in 10, and pyridostigmine bromide 60-180 mg/day in 9 patients. The control group, who were undergoing an annual health survey, comprised 235 consecutive subjects: 120 women and 115 men, with age range 30-69 (mean 48) years. The questionnaire had 9 questions. Each question was scored from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) with an additional quality of life (QOL) index scored from 0 (satisfied) to 3 (extremely dissatisfied). Statistical analysis was made using Student's t test. Compared with the control subjects, the frequency of LUTSs in the MG patients was significantly higher for daytime frequency (43%; p < 0.01), nocturia (24%; p < 0.01), and urinary incontinence (43%; p < 0.05). The LUTS-related QOL index for the MG patients was significantly higher for MG patients as a whole than that for all control patients (29%) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our study results showed that MG patients had significantly more LUTSs (overactive bladder) than healthy control subjects and had worse LUTS-related QOL; therefore, amelioration of LUTS in MG is important.
RESUMEN
We describe the case of an 86-year-old Japanese man who, by luxury perfusion after spontaneous recanalization of the left middle cerebral artery/internal carotid artery, produced acute transient sensory aphasia. This rare phenomenon is thought to be caused by reperfusion brain injury.