Levels of lymphocyte-associated regulators of complement system CD55 and CD59 are changed in schizophrenia patients.

OBJECTIVE: Although pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia are unknown, evidence in the literature suggests that the immune system might be involved in the pathogenesis. Complement is an important part of the immune system and it has been suggested to play role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate the potential involvement of the complement system in schizophrenia by the determination of peripheral concentrations of certain complement proteins and their regulators in patients. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of complement C3, C4, and C1 inhibitory protein were measured by chemiluminescence in 41 schizophrenia patients and 39 healthy controls. Expression of CD55, CD59, and CD46 proteins on peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by flow cytometry in the same groups. RESULTS: Frequencies of peripheral immune cells expressing CD55 were determined to be significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in healthy people (p = 0.020). Frequencies of peripheral immune cells expressing CD59 was determined to be significantly higher in healthy people than in schizophrenia patients (p = 0.012). The expression level of CD55 per cell was measured to be significantly elevated in patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Our data clearly demonstrate an elevated complement activity in schizophrenia and points to a possible complement association in the pathogenesis.Key pointsIncreased the expression level, and frequency of CD55 in schizophrenia patients.Decreased frequency of CD59 in schizophrenia patients.No difference in the expression level of CD59; the expression level, and frequency of CD46; frequency of complement C3, C4, and C1 inhibitory protein.

The role of insulin-like growth factor in Acrochordon Etiopathology.

BACKGROUND: There are reports that acrochordon (skin tag), the most common fibroepithelial tumor of the skin, may be associated with metabolic syndrome components, particularly insulin metabolism disorders. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no study examining its association with insulin resistance and tissue levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R). METHODS: Thirty patients with at least one acrochordon in their body who had no known history of diabetes mellitus and a control group comprised 30 individuals who had no acrochordon or no known history of diabetes mellitus were included. The tissue expression of IGF-1R and IGF-2R were investigated via immunohistochemical assessment in both groups. RESULTS: In the group with acrochordon, IGF-1R and IGF-2R expression was found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0,01). Using logistic regression analysis, an increase in serum insulin, serum IGF-1 and HOMA-IR levels was found to be associated with the expression levels of IGF-1R and IGF-2R. CONCLUSION: These findings support the view that insulin metabolism disorders should be evaluated in patients with acrochordon. Our study indicates that IGF receptors may have an effect on acrochordon pathogenesis and that acrochordon etiology and related conditions can be clarified by detection of parameters that influence receptor levels.

Association Between Graft Function and Urine CXCL10 and Acylcarnitines Levels in Kidney Transplant Recipients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate post-transplantation graft functions noninvasively by using urine C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) and metabolome analysis. METHODS: The 65 living-donor kidney-transplant recipients in our cohort underwent renal biopsy to investigate possible graft dysfunction. The patients were divided into 2 groups, according to pathology reports: chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD; n = 18) and antibody-mediated/humoral allograft rejection (AMR; n = 16). The control group was composed of renal transplant recipients with stable health (n = 33). We performed serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C, urine protein, CXCL10, and metabolome analyses on specimens from the patients. RESULTS: BUN, creatinine, cystatin C, urine protein, leucine + isoleucine, citrulline, and free/acetyl/propionyl carnitine levels were significantly higher in patients with CAD and AMR, compared with the control individuals. CXCL10 levels were significantly elevated in patients with AMR, compared with patients with CAD and controls. CXCL10 (AUC = 0.771) and cystatin C (AUC = 0.746) were significantly higher in the AMR group, compared with the CAD group (P<.02). CONCLUSIONS: CXCL10 and metabolome analyzes are useful for evaluation of graft functions. Also, CXCL10 might be useful as a supplementary noninvasive screening test for diagnosis of allograft rejection.

Effect of a new cross-linked hyaluronan gel on the staple line after sleeve gastrectomy in a rat model.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of a new cross-linked hyaluronan (NCHA) gel on healing of the staple line in an experimental sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (n = 6) received no medication. In the saline group (n = 6) and NCHA gel group (n = 6), saline and NCHA gel were respectively administered onto the staple line and intraperitoneally into the abdominal cavity after the standard stapling procedure. RESULTS: The fibroblast activity and collagen deposition were significantly higher in the NCHA gel group than in the control group (p = 0.00, p = 0.017) and saline group (p = 0.004, p = 0.015). The tissue hydroxyproline protein level was significantly higher in the NCHA gel group than in the control group (p = 0.041). Adhesion formation was significantly lower in the NCHA gel group than in the control and saline groups (p = 0.015, p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: New cross-linked hyaluronan gel could be an effective approach to improve staple line wound healing and prevent potential leakage after sleeve gastrectomy. Moreover, NCHA gel helps to prevent adhesion formation without compromising healing of the staple line.

The effects of diet, sulfonylurea, and Repaglinide therapy on clinical and metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetic patients during Ramadan.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Diabetes and its treatment can cause problems for the Muslim population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different therapy models on clinical and metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients during Ramadan. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-two type 2 diabetic patients were included to this study. Twelve of patients were on diabetic diet only before and during Ramadan (Group 1). Forty of patients had had sulfonylurea (Glimepiride 23 patients, gliclazide 17 patients) before Ramadan. Thirteen of these patients were on a single dose sulfonylurea (Glimepiride 8 patients, gliclazide 5 patients) (Group 2) and 27 were on Repaglinide 2 x 2 mg (Group 3) during Ramadan. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid, glucose, fructosamine, HbA1c, lipid levels and body weight were measured before and after Ramadan. RESULTS: Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, HbA1c, total cholesterol were not changed in groups during the study. Triglyceride level decreased after Ramadan in groups 2 (p = 0.002) and 3 (p = 0.024). HDL-cholesterol level increased in group 3 (p = 0.022). Fasting capillary beta-hydroxybutyric acid level increased in group 1 (p = 0.034) and didn't change in groups 2 and 3 during the Ramadan. Only one hypoglycemic event occurred at day 6 of Ramadan in patients in group 2 (the patient was on 3 mg glimepiride). CONCLUSION: Our results conclude that Ramadan fasting affects metabolic parameters in type 2 diabetes and hypoglycemia should be kept in mind especially in patients using sulfonylurea treatment. Ramadan fasting is not advised for type 2 diabetics while taking medical therapy. If the patient wants Ramadan fasting, these patients using Repaglinide can reduce the frequency of hypoglycemia.