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1.
Thorax ; 78(9): 942-945, 2023 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37423762

RESUMEN

Poverty is strongly associated with all-cause and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality. Less is known about the contribution of poverty to spirometrically defined chronic airflow obstruction (CAO)-a key characteristic of COPD. Using cross-sectional data from an asset-based questionnaire to define poverty in 21 sites of the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study, we estimated the risk of CAO attributable to poverty. Up to 6% of the population over 40 years had CAO attributable to poverty. Understanding the relationship between poverty and CAO might suggest ways to improve lung health, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Capacidad Vital , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Espirometría , Pulmón , Pobreza
2.
Eur Respir J ; 61(1)2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36028253

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been associated with exposures in the workplace. We aimed to assess the association of respiratory symptoms and lung function with occupation in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study. METHODS: We analysed cross-sectional data from 28 823 adults (≥40 years) in 34 countries. We considered 11 occupations and grouped them by likelihood of exposure to organic dusts, inorganic dusts and fumes. The association of chronic cough, chronic phlegm, wheeze, dyspnoea, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC with occupation was assessed, per study site, using multivariable regression. These estimates were then meta-analysed. Sensitivity analyses explored differences between sexes and gross national income. RESULTS: Overall, working in settings with potentially high exposure to dusts or fumes was associated with respiratory symptoms but not lung function differences. The most common occupation was farming. Compared to people not working in any of the 11 considered occupations, those who were farmers for ≥20 years were more likely to have chronic cough (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19-1.94), wheeze (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16-1.63) and dyspnoea (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.53-2.20), but not lower FVC (ß=0.02 L, 95% CI -0.02-0.06 L) or lower FEV1/FVC (ß=0.04%, 95% CI -0.49-0.58%). Some findings differed by sex and gross national income. CONCLUSION: At a population level, the occupational exposures considered in this study do not appear to be major determinants of differences in lung function, although they are associated with more respiratory symptoms. Because not all work settings were included in this study, respiratory surveillance should still be encouraged among high-risk dusty and fume job workers, especially in low- and middle-income countries.


Asunto(s)
Tos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Adulto , Humanos , Tos/complicaciones , Estudios Transversales , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Capacidad Vital , Enfermedad Crónica , Ocupaciones , Disnea/epidemiología , Disnea/complicaciones
3.
Respir Res ; 24(1): 137, 2023 May 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37221593

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Spirometric small airways obstruction (SAO) is common in the general population. Whether spirometric SAO is associated with respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and quality of life (QoL) is unknown. METHODS: Using data from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study (N = 21,594), we defined spirometric SAO as the mean forced expiratory flow rate between 25 and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75) less than the lower limit of normal (LLN) or the forced expiratory volume in 3 s to FVC ratio (FEV3/FVC) less than the LLN. We analysed data on respiratory symptoms, cardiometabolic diseases, and QoL collected using standardised questionnaires. We assessed the associations with spirometric SAO using multivariable regression models, and pooled site estimates using random effects meta-analysis. We conducted identical analyses for isolated spirometric SAO (i.e. with FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN). RESULTS: Almost a fifth of the participants had spirometric SAO (19% for FEF25-75; 17% for FEV3/FVC). Using FEF25-75, spirometric SAO was associated with dyspnoea (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.77-2.70), chronic cough (OR = 2.56, 95% CI 2.08-3.15), chronic phlegm (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.77-4.05), wheeze (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 2.50-3.40) and cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.52), but not hypertension or diabetes. Spirometric SAO was associated with worse physical and mental QoL. These associations were similar for FEV3/FVC. Isolated spirometric SAO (10% for FEF25-75; 6% for FEV3/FVC), was also associated with respiratory symptoms and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Spirometric SAO is associated with respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and QoL. Consideration should be given to the measurement of FEF25-75 and FEV3/FVC, in addition to traditional spirometry parameters.


Asunto(s)
Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Enfermedades Pulmonares Obstructivas , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Costo de Enfermedad , Espirometría
4.
Thorax ; 76(12): 1236-1241, 2021 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33975927

RESUMEN

Smoking is the most well-established cause of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) but particulate air pollution and poverty have also been implicated. We regressed sex-specific prevalence of CAO from 41 Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study sites against smoking prevalence from the same study, the gross national income per capita and the local annual mean level of ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) using negative binomial regression. The prevalence of CAO was not independently associated with PM2.5 but was strongly associated with smoking and was also associated with poverty. Strengthening tobacco control and improved understanding of the link between CAO and poverty should be prioritised.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Contaminación del Aire , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/estadística & datos numéricos , Polvo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Material Particulado/análisis , Material Particulado/toxicidad , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/etiología
5.
East Mediterr Health J ; 24(3): 277-282, 2018 Jun 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29908023

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking kills more than 5 million people annually and it is the most important cause of preventable death. Waterpipe smoking is common in the Middle East and is prevalent among young people. There is a misconception that it is less harmful than cigarette smoking. Physicians are considered role models in the community and their behaviours and attitudes towards smoking can have direct effects on cessation. AIM: The aim of this study was to estimate current prevalence, attitudes and associated factors in regard to waterpipe smoking among Saudi Arabian physicians. METHODS: Using a self-administered questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 454 male and female physicians from 3 specialties, and of various levels of training working in 4 hospitals in Riyadh. RESULTS: The prevalence of waterpipe smoking was 45%, greater in men than in women (58% vs 18%; P ≤ 0.001) and in surgical than in medical specialists (58% vs 38%; P ≤ 0.001). More non-smokers than smokers believed that physicians should serve as role models (79% vs 60%; P ≤ 0.001). Physicians who were waterpipe non-smokers had received more formal training about cessation than smokers (50% vs 36%; P ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Waterpipe smoking among Saudi Arabian physicians is frequent and is associated with low exposure to information about the hazards and cessation during medical education.


Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Médicos/psicología , Fumar en Pipa de Agua/epidemiología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología
6.
Eur Respir J ; 49(6)2017 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28572124

RESUMEN

Poverty is strongly associated with mortality from COPD, but little is known of its relation to airflow obstruction.In a cross-sectional study of adults aged ≥40 years from 12 sites (N=9255), participating in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study, poverty was evaluated using a wealth score (0-10) based on household assets. Obstruction, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) (%) after administration of 200 µg salbutamol, and prevalence of FEV1/FVC

Asunto(s)
Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Pobreza , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/epidemiología , Capacidad Vital , Adulto , Anciano , Albuterol/administración & dosificación , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Factores de Riesgo , Espirometría
7.
Ann Thorac Med ; 19(1): 1-55, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38444991

RESUMEN

The Saudi Initiative for Asthma 2024 (SINA-2024) is the sixth version of asthma guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma for adults and children that was developed by the SINA group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up-to-date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA Panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is aligned for age groups: adults, adolescents, children aged 5-12 years, and children aged <5 years. SINA guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting a better understanding of disease heterogeneity with the integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and the role of immunotherapy in management. The medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and the current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient-doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.

8.
EClinicalMedicine ; 68: 102423, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38268532

RESUMEN

Background: Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data from 33,983 adults (≥40 years), recruited between Jan 2, 2003 and Dec 26, 2016, in 41 sites (34 countries) from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. We estimated the prevalence of chronic cough for each site accounting for sampling design. To identify risk factors, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis within each site and then pooled estimates using random-effects meta-analysis. We also calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) associated with each of the identifed risk factors. Findings: The prevalence of chronic cough varied from 3% in India (rural Pune) to 24% in the United States of America (Lexington,KY). Chronic cough was more common among females, both current and passive smokers, those working in a dusty job, those with a history of tuberculosis, those who were obese, those with a low level of education and those with hypertension or airflow limitation. The most influential risk factors were current smoking and working in a dusty job. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of chronic cough varies widely across sites in different world regions. Cigarette smoking and exposure to dust in the workplace are its major risk factors. Funding: Wellcome Trust.

9.
Cureus ; 15(2): e35289, 2023 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36968856

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In patients with asthma, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a biomarker for eosinophilic airway inflammation. However, the correlation with the blood eosinophil count, immunoglobulin E (IgE), and spirometric values is not well established. We aimed to investigate the correlation between FeNO, blood eosinophils, IgE, and spirometric values in asthmatic patients. METHODS: Data were extracted from the electronic medical records of adult asthmatic patients, and included the FeNO, blood eosinophil count, IgE, and spirometric values. The correlation between the markers was investigated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: A total of 135 adult patients (30% male) were analyzed. The mean FeNO was 36 ppb and almost half (48%) had a FeNO > 25 ppb. The mean blood eosinophil count was 377 cells/mm3, and 42% had a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3. There was a significant positive correlation between FeNO and the blood eosinophil count (r = 0.42, sensitivity 63%, specificity 77%, AUC 72%, p < 0.0001) as well as with the IgE (r = 0.35, sensitivity 78%, specificity 44%, AUC 68%, p < 0.0007). There was significant negative correlation between FeNO and FEV1% (r = -0.18, sensitivity 35%, specificity 85%, AUC 67%, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION: The blood eosinophil count, IgE, and spirometric values were correlated with the severity of the eosinophilic airway inflammation (high FeNO). Asthmatic patients with a higher FeNO level had a higher eosinophil count, higher IgE levels, and lower FEV1 values.

10.
BMC Pulm Med ; 12: 10, 2012 Mar 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22436173

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The effects of obesity on pulmonary functions have not been addressed previously among Saudi population. We aim to study the effects of obesity on spirometry tests among healthy non-smoking adults. METHODS: A cross sectional study conducted among volunteers healthy non-smoking adults Subjects. We divided the subjects into two groups according to their BMI. The first group consisted of non-obese subjects with BMI of 18 to 24.9 kg/m2 and the second group consisted of obese subjects with BMI of 30 kg/m2 and above. Subjects underwent spirometry tests according to American thoracic society standards with measurement of the following values: the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) and forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75). RESULTS: The total subjects were 294 with a mean age of 32 years. There were 178 males and 116 females subjects. We found no significant differences in FEV1 (p value = 0.686), FVC (p value = 0.733), FEV1/FVC Ratio (p value = 0.197) and FEF25-75 (p value = 0.693) between the obese and non-obese subjects. However, there was significantly difference in PEF between the two groups (p value < 0.020). CONCLUSION: Obesity does not have effect on the spirometry tests (except PEF) among health non-smoking adults. We recommend searching for alternative diagnosis in case of findings abnormal spirometry tests results among obese subjects.


Asunto(s)
Pulmón/fisiología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Masculino , Ápice del Flujo Espiratorio , Arabia Saudita , Espirometría , Capacidad Vital , Adulto Joven
11.
BMC Pulm Med ; 12: 14, 2012 Mar 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22449144

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the responsiveness of the asthma control test (ACT) to detect changes at the initiation of therapy and its utilization in the initiation of asthma treatment. METHODS: This study was designed as a randomized clinical trial conducted in a primary care setting. The subjects were asthma patients who had not received controller therapy for at least two months. The patients were randomized into two groups: The Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA) group and the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) group. Treatment in the SINA group was initiated at step1 when the ACT scores ≥ 20, step 2 when the score between16-19, and step 3 when the score < 16 began at step 3. The GINA group patients were started on step 2 when they had persistent asthma symptoms or step 3 when they had severely uncontrolled disease. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were analyzed in each group. The improvement in ACT score after treatment initiation was significantly higher when the SINA approach was used (2.9 in the SINA group compared to 1.7 in the GINA group (p = 0.04)). The improvement in FEV1 was 5.8% in the SINA group compared to 3.4% in the GINA group (p = 0.46). The number of patients who achieved asthma control at the follow-up visit and required no treatment adjustment was 33 (73.3%) in the SINA group and 27 (60%) in the GINA group (p = 0.0125). CONCLUSION: The ACT was responsive to change at the initiation of asthma treatment and was useful for the initiation of asthma treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN31998214.


Asunto(s)
Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto , Asma/clasificación , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Disnea/etiología , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Actividad Motora , Ápice del Flujo Espiratorio , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Arabia Saudita
12.
BMC Public Health ; 12: 239, 2012 Mar 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22443305

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Most of the studies investigating the prevalence of asthma in various countries have focused on children below the age of 15 years or adults above the age of 18 years. There is limited knowledge concerning the prevalence of asthma in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents. Our objective was to study the prevalence of asthma and associated symptoms in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in secondary (high) schools in the city of Riyadh utilizing the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire tool. RESULTS: Out of 3073 students (1504 boys and 1569 girls), the prevalence of lifetime wheeze, wheeze during the past 12 months and physician-diagnosed asthma was 25.3%, 18.5% and 19.6%, respectively. The prevalence of exercise-induced wheezing and night coughing in the past 12 months was 20.2% and 25.7%, respectively. The prevalence of rhinitis symptoms in students with lifetime wheeze, physician-diagnosed asthma and exercise-induced wheeze was 61.1%, 59.9% and 57.4%, respectively. Rhinitis symptoms were significantly associated with lifetime wheeze (OR = 2.5, p value < 0.001), physician-diagnosed asthma (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001), and exercise-induced wheeze (OR = 1.9, p value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of asthma and associated symptoms in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents in Saudi Arabia is high, although it is within range of reported prevalence rates from various parts of the world.


Asunto(s)
Asma/epidemiología , Estudiantes/psicología , Adolescente , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/etiología , Asma/fisiopatología , Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/complicaciones , Asma Inducida por Ejercicio/epidemiología , Tos/complicaciones , Tos/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Ruidos Respiratorios/fisiopatología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/complicaciones , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/epidemiología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Instituciones Académicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Distribución por Sexo , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Factores de Tiempo
14.
Ann Thorac Med ; 16(1): 4-56, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33680125

RESUMEN

The Saudi Initiative for Asthma 2021 (SINA-2021) is the fifth version of asthma guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma for adults and children, which is developed by the SINA group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up to date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is aligned for age groups: adults, adolescents, children aged 5-12 years, and children aged less than 5 years. SINA guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting better understanding of disease heterogeneity with the integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and the role of immunotherapy in management. Medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and the current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient-doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.

15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31827808

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the attitudes, beliefs and behavior related to performance enhancing substances (PES) use in elite Saudi football players. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using a systematic random sample of elite Saudi male football players, the standard World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) Social Science Research Package questionnaire was distributed to 408 players. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of PES use was 3.9%, with the overall prevalence rate of doping susceptibility 17.1%. PES use or doping susceptibility is strongly correlated but negatively associated with morality and cheating measures (p <  0.011, the estimate is - 0.139), threat or deterrence appraisal (p <  0.001, the estimate is - 0.301) and beliefs about the reference group's endorsement (p < 0.001, the estimate is - 0.213) but not with legitimacy perceptions (p = 0.513) and beliefs about the benefits of doping (p = 0.678). The strongest relationship was found between threat or deterrence appraisal (p < 0.001), and beliefs about the reference group's endorsement of PES use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Morality and cheating measures, threat or deterrence appraisal and beliefs about the reference group's endorsement are the main predictors for PES use in Saudi Arabia.

16.
Ann Thorac Med ; 14(1): 3-48, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30745934

RESUMEN

This is the fourth version of the updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma, developed by the Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA) group, a subsidiary of the Saudi Thoracic Society. The main objective of the SINA is to have guidelines that are up to date, simple to understand, and easy to use by healthcare workers dealing with asthma patients. To facilitate achieving the goals of asthma management, the SINA panel approach is mainly based on the assessment of symptom control and risk for both adults and children. The approach to asthma management is now more aligned for different age groups. The guidelines have focused more on personalized approaches reflecting better understanding of disease heterogeneity with integration of recommendations related to biologic agents, evidence-based updates on treatment, and role of immunotherapy in management. The medication appendix has also been updated with the addition of recent evidence, new indications for existing medication, and new medications. The guidelines are constructed based on the available evidence, local literature, and current situation at national and regional levels. There is also an emphasis on patient-doctor partnership in the management that also includes a self-management plan.

17.
Asthma Res Pract ; 4: 2, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29387439

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about medications' safety can lead pregnant women with asthma to stop their medications, resulting in asthma-related neonatal morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to assess the level of pregnancy-related asthma knowledge and education about asthma medications' safety, among women of childbearing age with a history of bronchial asthma. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of convenience sample of outpatient clinic attendees of Pulmonary, Family Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology among women of childbearing age with history of asthma at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants (n = 171) completed a questionnaire to determine levels of education and knowledge, as well as attitudes and practice relating to asthma treatment. RESULTS: Among participants, 77.1% were pregnant at the time of the survey, 77.8% had used asthma medications during current or previous pregnancy, 70.8% of all respondents who ever been pregnant believed in the safety of asthma medications during pregnancy, 49.1% had received education about asthma, and 46.8% had been educated about the safety of asthma medications during pregnancy. Responses indicated that 46.8% had stopped (or expressed the desire to stop) asthma medications during pregnancy, and 48% believed asthma medications would harm them and their babies more than asthma itself, but 92.4% expressed that they would be willing to use asthma medications during pregnancy if their safety was confirmed by a physician. Education level and employment status were both associated with an increased likelihood of having received asthma education (p values <0.001 and <0.001 respectively), and with awareness of the safety of the medications during pregnancy (p values <0.001 and <0.003 respectively). CONCLUSION: Further efforts is to be taken to develop a program where female asthmatic patients are taught about asthma and its medications' safety during pregnancy.

18.
Saudi Med J ; 39(2): 179-184, 2018 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29436567

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To investigate asthma prevalence and to measure asthma symptoms among Saudi adults in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS)questionnaire carried out between April and June 2016, among male and female Saudi nationals aged 20-44 years living in Riyadh. Disproportionate cluster sampling method was used. Asthma was defined based on answering "yes" to any of the following: Have you had wheezing when you did not have a cold in the last 12 months? Have you been told by a physician to have asthma? Are you taking medicine for asthma? RESULTS: A total of 2,405 participants completed the survey. The prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months when not having a cold was 18.2% with no significant difference between males and females (p=0.107). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 11.3% with no significant difference between males and females (p=0.239). The prevalence of taking medicine for asthma was 10.6%. There were no significant differences between asthmatic vs. non-asthmatic in terms of residency area (p=0.07), education level (p=0.11) and smoking tobacco (p=0.06). However, significant differences found between asthmatic and non-asthmatic in relation to nasal allergies (p less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: Asthma prevalence is high and much higher than the prevalence reported in most countries using the ECRHS questionnaire.


Asunto(s)
Asma/epidemiología , Ruidos Respiratorios , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/epidemiología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Adulto Joven
19.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis ; 13: 1377-1388, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29731625

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: COPD affects millions of people worldwide. Poor treatment adherence contributes to increased symptom severity, morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to investigate adherence to COPD treatment in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study in adult COPD patients in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Through physician-led interviews, data were collected on sociodemographics and disease history, including the impact of COPD on health status using the COPD Assessment Test (CAT); quality of life, using the EuroQol Five-Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D); and anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Treatment adherence was measured using the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the predictors of non-adherence and the impact of adherence on symptom severity. RESULTS: Four hundred and five COPD patients participated: 199 in Turkey and 206 in Saudi Arabia. Overall, 49.2% reported low adherence (MMAS-8 <6). Of those, 74.7% reported high disease impact (CAT >15) compared to 58.4% reporting medium/high adherence (p=0.0008). Patients with low adherence reported a lower mean 3-level EQ-5D utility value (0.54±0.35) compared to those with medium/high adherence (0.64±0.30; p<0.0001). Depression with HADS score 8-10 or >10 was associated with lower adherence (OR 2.50 [95% CI: 1.43-4.39] and 2.43 [95% CI: 1.39-4.25], respectively; p=0.0008). Being a high school/college graduate was associated with better adherence compared with no high school (OR 0.57 [95% CI: 0.33-0.98] and 0.38 [95% CI: 0.15-1.00], respectively; p=0.0310). After adjusting for age, gender, and country, a significant association between treatment adherence (MMAS-8 score ≥6) and lower disease impact (CAT ≤15) was observed (OR 0.56 [95% CI: 0.33-0.95]; p=0.0314). CONCLUSION: Adherence to COPD treatment is poor in Turkey and Saudi Arabia. Non-adherence to treatment is associated with higher disease impact and reduced quality of life. Depression, age, and level of education were independent determinants of adherence.


Asunto(s)
Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/psicología , Escolaridad , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Modelos Logísticos , Salud Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Factores de Riesgo , Arabia Saudita , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento , Turquía
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