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1.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 43(3): 603-614, 2019 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30283079

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the prospective association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and change in body weight over a 4-5-year period in a socio-economically disadvantaged South African population. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study involving 800 adults (212 men, 588 women); 247 from the original METS (Modelling the Epidemiological Transition Study) cohort (N = 504) and 553 of the original 949 members of the PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology) Study. Both cohorts were drawn from low-income, socio-economically disadvantaged communities. Mean follow-up duration and age were 4.5 (SD 0.45) and 50.0 (SD 11.8) years, respectively. Harmonised measurements included body mass index, self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and intake of meat, snacks and 'take-aways', fruits and vegetables and SSB (in servings/week). Multivariate logistic regression models were developed to determine the extent to which SSB consumption predicted relative weight gain, after controlling for potential confounders and known predictors. RESULTS: Nearly a third (29%) of participants had a relative weight change ≥5.0%; higher in the non-obese compared to the obese group (32% vs. 25%; p = 0.026). The average SSB consumption was 9.9 servings/week and was higher in the food insecure compared to the food secure group (11.5 vs. 9.0 servings/week; p = 0.006); but there were no differences between women and men (10.3 vs. 9.1 servings/week; p = 0.054). Mean SSB consumption was higher in the group who gained ≥5% weight compared to those who did not (11.0 vs. 8.7; p = 0.004). After adjustment, SSB consumption of 10 or more servings/week was associated with a 50% greater odds of gaining at least 5% body weight (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI (1.05-2.18)). CONCLUSION: These results show that higher intake of SSB predicts weight gain in a sample of South Africans drawn from low-income settings. Comprehensive, population-wide interventions are needed to reduce SSB consumption in these settings.


Asunto(s)
Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Bebidas Azucaradas/estadística & datos numéricos , Aumento de Peso/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pobreza , Sudáfrica/epidemiología
2.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 46(1): 197-202, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24077958

RESUMEN

Twelve white Fulani × N'dama cross-bred calves weighing 83.79 ± 1.16 kg were used in an 84-day experiment to investigate the utilization of forage resources from natural grazing land. The experimental diets were sole grazing, grazing + hay, grazing + silage and grazing + Leucaena leucocephala leaves. The calves were divided into four groups of three animals each and were randomly assigned to the four experimental diets. Crude protein (CP) contents of the forages ranged from 59 to 171 g/kg dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of the forages ranged from 560 to 705 g/kg DM and 363 to 440 g/kg DM, respectively. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher values in mineral contents (Ca, K, P and Mg) were recorded for L. leucocephala leaves compared to other forage resources. Variations (P < 0.05) were observed in the average daily gain. Animals on grazing + L. leucocephala leaves diet had the highest (113 g/day) average daily gain, while those on sole grazing showed the least value (26.2 g/day). Packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein, urea and calcium concentration showed significant differences (P < 0.05). Effective utilization of forage resources from the natural pasture by the calves was attained on supplementation with conserved forages and L. leucocephala leaves without any deleterious effects on the haematological and serum parameters.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fabaceae , Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Ingestión de Alimentos , Distribución Aleatoria , Estaciones del Año , Ensilaje/análisis , Aumento de Peso
3.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 12: 262, 2012 Dec 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23259718

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disease caused by an individual inheriting an allele for sickle cell hemoglobin from both parents and is associated with unusually large numbers of immature blood cells, containing many long, thin, crescent-shaped erythrocytes. It is a disease prevalent throughout many populations. The use of medicinal plants and nutrition in managing SCD is gaining increasing attention. METHODS: The antisickling effects of Solenostemon monostachyus (SolMon), Carica papaya seed oil (Cari-oil) and Ipomoea involucrata (Ipocrata) in male (HbSSM) and female (HbSSF) human sickle cell blood was examined in vitro and compared with controls, or cells treated with glutathione or an antisickling plant (Vernonia amygdalina; VerMyg). RESULTS: Levels of sickle blood cells were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in all the plant-extract treated SCD patients' blood compared with that of untreated SCD patients. RBCs in SolMon, Ipocrata, and Cari-oil treated samples were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with VerMyg-treated samples. The Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) ratio was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in all plant extract-treated HbSSM samples compared with controls. Hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by SolMon treatment in HbSSF compared with VerMyg. Sickle cell polymerization inhibition exhibited by SolMon was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with that of VerMyg in HbSSF blood. Sickle cell polymerization inhibition in SolMon and Ipocrata were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with VerMyg in HbSSM blood. All plant extracts significantly reduced (P < 0.05) lactate dehydrogenase activity in both HbSSM and HbSSF-treated blood. Catalase activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in HbSSF blood treated with Ipocrata compared with glutathione. Cari-oil treated HbSSM and HbSSF blood had significantly increased (P < 0.05) peroxidase activity compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Methanolic extracts from S. monostachyus, C. papaya seed oil and I. involucrata exhibited particular antisickling properties coupled with the potential to reduce stress in sickle cell patients. Each plant individually or in combination may be useful for the management of sickle cell disease.


Asunto(s)
Anemia de Células Falciformes/tratamiento farmacológico , Antidrepanocíticos/farmacología , Carica/química , Glutatión/farmacología , Ipomoea/química , Lamiaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Vernonia/química , Catalasa/metabolismo , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Masculino
4.
Biol Trace Elem Res ; 200(3): 1181-1189, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33844168

RESUMEN

Cardiovascular diseases have been associated with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). Impaired Ca2+ and Na+/K+-ATPase activities have also been linked to hemolytic and cardiovascular disorders. This study investigated the effect of rutin on Cd and/or Pb-induced cardiac and erythrocyte disorders in male rats. Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats were treated as (n=5): Control, Pb (60 mg/kg, p.o), Cd (5 mg/kg, p.o), Pb + Cd, Rutin + Pb + Cd (50 mg/kg Rt, 60 mg/kg Pb, 5 mg/kg Cd, p.o). Plasma electrolyte and Ca2+- and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in the erythrocyte and heart of the rats were assayed. There was an increased and decreased activity of cardiac and erythrocyte Na+/K+-ATPase in Pb- (172%) and Cd- (33.7%) treated groups, respectively. However, rutin increased erythrocyte Na+/K+-ATPase activity in Cd + Pb when compared with Cd and Cd + Pb groups. Erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase activity was decreased in the Pb (68%), Cd (68%) and Cd + Pb (55.3%) groups. Cardiac Na+/K+-ATPase activity was not altered in Pb and Cd groups while it decreased in Cd + Pb. Rutin increased the activity of the pump in Cd +Pb-treated rats compared to the Cd+Pb group. Therefore, rutin reversed cadmium- and lead-induced impaired cardiac and erythrocyte membrane Ca2+- and Na+/K+-ATPase activities. Graphical Abstract Dotted lines-decrease activity, curved lines-increased activity (created with BioRender.com ).


Asunto(s)
Cloruro de Cadmio , Membrana Eritrocítica , Acetatos , Animales , Cadmio/toxicidad , Cloruro de Cadmio/toxicidad , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Plomo/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Rutina/farmacología , ATPasa Intercambiadora de Sodio-Potasio/metabolismo
5.
Niger J Surg ; 27(1): 66-70, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34012246

RESUMEN

A number of options exist for patients with anticipated difficult intubation on account of a retrosternal goiter compressing on the trachea. The chosen technique(s) to secure the airway in this delicate situation often depends on the location and degree of airway obstruction, available resources/facilities, and an anesthetist's experience and preferences. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with severe airway obstruction from a retrosternal goiter coming for total thyroidectomy. Airway management started with an awake fiber-optic intubation, proceeded to a tracheostomy and finally to use of a rigid bronchoscope following failure of the earlier techniques to achieve adequate ventilation.

6.
Life Sci ; 284: 119878, 2021 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34384828

RESUMEN

AIM: Environmental pollutants such as plastic-component substances (phthalates and bisphenol A) that coexist in natural ecosystems have been linked to an increase in the occurrence of human health hazards, particularly cardiovascular health. This study was designed to investigate single and combined cardio-toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate and bisphenol-A and the possible interventional role of rutin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two rats were randomized into 7 groups of 6 animals each and were treated as follows for 28 days: Control (0.1% DMSO), Bisphenol-A (BPA, 25 mg/kg, p.o), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP, 25 mg/kg, p.o), BPA + Rutin (25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg), DBP + Rt (25 mg/kg, Rt 50 mg/kg), BPA + DBP, BPA + DBP + Rt. Cardiac lipid peroxidation, antioxidants and inflammatory markers activities were measured. KEY FINDINGS: The result showed that BPA reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, DBP and DBP+ BPA reduced the catalase (CAT) activity, DBP reduced glutathione (GSH) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) while malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in DBP + BPA group. Also, DBP increased tissue C-reactive protein (CRP); DBP, DBP + BPA increased tissue nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); DBP + BPA increased plasma CRP; BPA increased plasma NF-κB. However, rutin efficiently reduced MDA level, CRP and NF-κB; increasing SOD, GSH and Nrf2 levels in DBP and BPA exposed rats. SIGNIFICANCE: These results revealed that bisphenol and dibutyl phthalate exposure caused oxidative stress and inflammation in the heart through Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway while oral administration of rutin prevents these effects via upregulation of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway.


Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Dibutil Ftalato/toxicidad , Inflamación/patología , Miocardio/patología , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Fenoles/toxicidad , Rutina/farmacología , Animales , Creatina Quinasa/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Troponina I/sangre
7.
J Exp Med ; 148(5): 1435-9, 1978 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-309916

RESUMEN

Secondary induction of in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a syngeneic system has been achieved with plasma membrane, both in the particulate and solubilized forms. Both the induction and the lytic phases were shown to be immunologically specific. The effector cells generated were completely susceptible to treatment with anti-theta antibody and complement, suggesting that they are T lymphocytes.


Asunto(s)
Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Memoria Inmunológica , Leucemia Experimental/inmunología , Linfoma/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Membrana Celular/inmunología , Femenino , Leucemia Experimental/ultraestructura , Ratones
8.
Data Brief ; 20: 917-926, 2018 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30225302

RESUMEN

The dataset for this article contains phytochemical and FTIR data for three different extracts from two indigenous medicinal plants obtained from Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria and the GC-MS characterisation data for their ethanolic extracts. To obtain this data, the leaves of Azadirachta indica and Cymbopogon citratus were collected from the premises of Covenant University, Nigeria. The plants were dried, pulverized and extracted with ethanol, distilled water and ethanol:water (50:50), before phytochemical screening (qualitative and quantitative), FTIR and GC-MS analyses were carried out. The dataset provides insight into the presence of bioactive phyto-constituents such as polyphenols and tannins as potential precursors for green-based nanoparticle synthesis.

9.
Afr J Med Med Sci ; 34(3): 251-8, 2005 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16749357

RESUMEN

This study aims to find out factors associated with anti-malarial drug resistance in some selected areas in Ibadan. One thousand one hundred and two subjects were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. Respondents were put into two groups (high and low resistant areas). The Results revealed a high level of drug use for treating malaria particularly choloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ("Fansidar"). The Results also showed that the two groups were not significantly different with respect to clearance of infection, but there was a significant difference between clearance of infection and whether or not the respondent completed the course of treatment in each group (P<0.05). When both groups were combined, the Mantel-Haenszel test showed that the response difference between the two groups was significant. (OR = 3.44 (CI = 1.8 to 6.51)) i.e those that completed the treatment were 3 times more likely to have their infection cleared than those that did not complete the treatment. A significant finding was that non-compliance with treatment was a major factor associated with treatment failure The prevalence of drug resistance was a little higher in the high resistant group compared to the low resistant group; but this difference was not statistically significant. These results underscore the need for adequate health education about the treatment of malaria and the importance of compliance in this community.


Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/uso terapéutico , Malaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Cooperación del Paciente , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Cloroquina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nigeria , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
11.
J Immunol ; 124(6): 2688-92, 1980 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6989904

RESUMEN

When lymphocytes obtained from W/Fu rats primed with BCG are cultured in the presence of PPD, they elaborate a factor that is capable of potentiating the specific in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes to syngeneic (C58NT)D lymphoma cells and to BN alloantigen. Purification of the factor, achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, was facilitated by using a serum-free culture condition and the removal of the specific stimulating antigen, PPD, after an initial incubation period. The factor isolated contains DNA by its absorption spectrum, resistance to trypsin and RNase, but complete susceptibility to DNAase, and by the presence of ethidium bromide-positive material in the purified sample. It displays a 260/280 nm absorption ratio of 1.6 and a m.w. estimate of 10,000 to 30,000. Electrophoresis of the purified factor on agarose gel yielded three ethidium bromide reactive bands. Data obtained following the slicing and elution of these bands, and then testing for potentiating activity indicated that two of the three bands contained potentiating activity.


Asunto(s)
ADN/aislamiento & purificación , Linfocitos/inmunología , Mycobacterium bovis/inmunología , Animales , Adhesión Celular , Cromatografía en Gel , Desoxirribonucleasas/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Mitomicinas/farmacología , Puromicina/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas WF , Ribonucleasas/farmacología , Tripsina/farmacología , Tuberculina/inmunología
12.
Int J Cancer ; 26(2): 217-25, 1980 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7203714

RESUMEN

Plasma membranes purified from RBL-5 leukemia cells and solubilized with Na deoxycholate were fractionated on an Ultrogel AcA34 column. Fractions containing most of the tumor-rejection activity but low amounts of gp70 and p30 were consolidated and used to hyperimmunize semisyngeneic, CBF1, hybrid mice. Using the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay, we determined the antibody titers against RBL-5 and several other leukemic cells. Only RBL-5 and EL-4 tumor cells were lysed. Similar results were obtained when the same tumor cells were used to absorb the syngeneic antiserum and the residual cytotoxic titer determined on RBL-5 target cells. Coupling of the gamma-globulins from this antiserum to Sepharose 4B facilitated the isolation of an antigen which inhibited the C'-dependent lysis of RBL-5 tumor cells and, when used for immunization, protected the recipient mice against a subcutaneous challenge of RBL-5 leukemia cells. By means of disc gel electrophoresis, in the presence of SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, two polypeptide chains with molecular weights of 46,000 and 21,000 were resolved. The binding of the antigen to a lens culinaris lentil lectin column and its subsequent elution with alpha-methyl mannoside suggests that the specific tumor antigen is a glycoprotein.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antineoplásicos/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Antígenos de Superficie/análisis , Leucemia Experimental/inmunología , Animales , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Membrana Celular/inmunología , Pruebas Inmunológicas de Citotoxicidad , Femenino , Glicoproteínas/análisis , Sueros Inmunes , Ratones , Peso Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/análisis , Péptidos/análisis , Virus Rauscher
13.
J Immunol ; 125(1): 414-9, 1980 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6155403

RESUMEN

The parameters of the secondary in vitro generation of syngeneic CTL by solubilized tumor antigens have been investigated. With PM and SPM, stimulation was achieved over a 10-fold antigen concentration, 5 microgram/ml to 0.5 microgram/ml, and with whole cells the optimum R/S cell ratio was 80:1 to 100:1. Assuming a 50-fold enrichment of plasma membrane antigens over cells by purifying the PM, this observation suggests that cells are at least 200 times more efficient than PM. A specific tumor antigen that induces CTL in vitro was solubilized with sodium deoxycholate and fractionated on Ultrogel AcA34 followed by affinity chromatography on Lens culinaris lentil lectin-Sepharose 4B column. The purification scheme was shown to have enriched for the specific CTL-inducing activity. The specificity of the induction and effector phases of the reaction was assessed and the data clearly indicate that the reactions were specific. Furthermore, we ruled out the possibility that the induction of CTL by soluble tumor antigen in a secondary reaction could be due to the nonspecific induction of helper activity, which then caused a polyclonal expansion of memory cells.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Epítopos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Membrana Celular/inmunología , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Fraccionamiento Químico , Cromatografía en Gel , Femenino , Leucemia Experimental/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Virus Rauscher/inmunología , Solubilidad
14.
Int J Cancer ; 24(5): 608-15, 1979 Nov 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-93583

RESUMEN

The possibility that some or all of the viral proteins, gp70, p30, and the histocompatibility antigen, H-2, function as the tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) of the R-MuLV-induced leukemia, RBL-5, and also in the secondary in vitro induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), was investigated. The antigen was obtained by isolating the plasma membranes of RBL-5 cells and solubilizing with sodium deoxycholate (DOC) followed by gel filtration chromatography. A fraction containing excellent tumor-rejection activity but low amounts of gp70, p30 and H-2 was chromatographed on goat anti-gp 70 goat anti-p 30 and sheep anti-H-2b immunoaffinity columns. The data obtained indicate that gp 70, p 30 or H-2 do not function as TSTA of RBL-5 leukemia, individually or as a complex. Similarly, the antigen responsible for the specific secondary induction of CTL in vitro is distinct from these three proteins.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias , Antígenos H-2 , Leucemia Experimental/inmunología , Virus Rauscher/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos de Neoplasias/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía de Afinidad , Cromatografía en Gel , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Epítopos , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulinas/análisis , Ratones , Radioinmunoensayo , Bazo/citología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Proteínas Virales/análisis
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