Genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter are not related with depression in temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Mood disorders are the most frequent psychiatric disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). The pathophysiological mechanisms in common between TLE and mood disorders include abnormalities in the serotonergic pathway. We aimed to evaluate the association between serotonin transporter genetic polymorphisms - 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR - and the presence of mood disorders in patients with TLE-HS. METHODS: We evaluated 119 patients with TLE-HS, with and without psychiatric disorder; 146 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 113 healthy volunteers. Individuals were genotyped for the 5-HTTLPR and 5-HTTVNTR polymorphisms. RESULTS: No difference was observed between the TLE-HS groups, healthy controls, and MDD without epilepsy. There was a correlation between the 12-allele of the 5-HTTVNTR and the family history of patients with epilepsy with TLE-HS (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: In this study conducted in two Brazilian centers, the serotonin transporter polymorphisms evaluated cannot be associated with depressive disorder in patients with TLE-HS. Still, they do have some influence over some clinical characteristics of epilepsy in TLE-HS. These data may not be reproduced in other populations with distinct ethnic characteristics.

Genetic polymorphisms of the 5HT receptors are not related with depression in temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) is the most frequent form of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults. Mood disorders are the most frequent psychiatric comorbidities observed in these patients. Common pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and psychiatric comorbidities include abnormalities in the serotonin pathway. The primary goal of this study was to determine the possible association between polymorphisms of genes encoding the serotonin receptors 5HT1A (rs6295), 5HT1B (rs6296), and 5HT2C (rs6318) and the presence of mood disorders in patients with TLE-HS. Our secondary goal was to evaluate the possible association between these variants and susceptibility to develop seizures in TLE-HS. METHODS: We assessed 119 patients with TLE-HS, with and without psychiatric comorbidities; 146 patients with major depressive disorder; and 113 healthy volunteers. Individuals were genotyped for the rs6295, rs6296, and rs6318 polymorphisms. RESULTS: No difference was observed between the group with TLE-HS, healthy controls, and the group with major depressive disorder without epilepsy regarding the polymorphisms that were evaluated. There was no correlation between rs6318, rs6295, rs6296, and epilepsy-related factors and history of psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Our work suggests that the studied polymorphisms were not related to the presence of TLE, psychiatric comorbidities in TLE, and epilepsy-related factors.

Salmonella enterica diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile in broiler slaughterhouse by-products.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Salmonella enterica in by­products (feathers, spleen, cecum, and crop) from broiler slaughterhouses as well as to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of the identified serovars. Forty­four lots of broilers in nine slaughterhouses located in the central­west region of Brazil were evaluated. Samples of spleen, feathers, cecum, and crop were collected in a pool and a total of 1,232 samples were evalueted. These were processed for conventional bacterial isolation and subjected to biochemical and serological tests to identify serovars. The identified serovars were subjected to the antimicrobial susceptibility test, where nine different antimycotics were investigated. Salmonella enterica was identified in 7.1% (87/1,232) of all evaluated samples, mostly in feathers (12.3%) and spleen (8.1%). The most frequent serovars were Schwarzengrund (29.9%), Agona (25.4%), Mbandaka (12.7%) and Anatum (8.1%). Nine serovars showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial, especially serovars Mbandaka, Infantis and Typhimurium. Amoxicillin and tetracycline were not effective in inhibiting at least five and four serovars, respectively.

Higher transcription alleles of the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism are associated with higher seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy.

BACKGROUND: There is evidence of an imbalance in the neuromodulatory system mediated by serotonin (5-HT) in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This study analyzed the monoamine oxidase A promoter variable number of tandem repeats (MAOA-uVNTR) polymorphism in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS). Therefore, we assessed the association between this genetic variant and seizure predisposition and severity in patients with TLE-HS. METHODS: One hundred nineteen patients with TLE-HS and 113 healthy volunteers were assessed. First, we genotyped all individuals for the MAOA-uVNTR genetic polymorphism. Second, we compared patients and controls and evaluated clinical variants of epilepsy. RESULTS: There was no difference between the TLE-HS and control groups regarding genotypic and allelic distributions of MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism (p = 1.000). Higher transcription alleles of the MAOA-uVNTR were associated with higher seizure frequency (p = 0.032) and bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: In a selected group of patients with TLE-HS, the polymorphism MAOA-uVNTR was associated with some aspects of epilepsy severity, namely seizure frequency and bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is not related with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by hippocampal sclerosis in Brazilian population.

PURPOSE: Some variants of the brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) gene, namely the Val66Met (rs6265), may contribute the risk for epilepsy development. We aimed to investigate if this polymorphism was associated with the risk for epilepsy development in TLE-HS and its correlation with epilepsy-related factors and the presence of psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We assessed 119 patients with unequivocal TLE-HS and 112 healthy controls. Individuals were genotyped for the polymorphisms of the gene encoding BDNF Val66Met. RESULTS: There was no difference between TLE-HS and healthy controls, for the genotypic distribution (p = 0.636) and allelic distribution (p = 0.471). There was no correlation between Val66Met and epilepsy-related factors and for psychiatric comorbidities (p = 0.888). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that polymorphism Val66Met is not associated with TLE-HS, epilepsy-related factors and psychiatric comorbidities in this selected group of patients.

Escudo facial (Face Shield) em tempos de covid-19: uma revisão de literatura / Facial shield use during COVID-19: a literature review

Objetivo: A proposta deste estudo foi analisar a efetividade do escudo facial (face shield) como equipamento de proteção da face, fornecendo subsídios para a adoção dele na realização de procedimentos odontológicos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, do tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, que consiste em sintetizar o desfecho da pesquisa em questão de maneira ordenada e eficiente, fornecendo uma maior amplitude de informações sobre o assunto, constituindo um corpo de conhecimento. Para tal, a pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas plataformas EBS-COHost e PubMed, utilizando os descritores "face shield", "faceshield" e "COVID-19", foram preconizados os artigos publicados em 2020 e 2021 em língua portuguesa do Brasil, língua inglesa e língua espanhola. Resultados: Foram selecionados 9 artigos para ilustrar as evidências acerca da efetividade do escudo facial (face shield) como barreira de proteção a ser adotada durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusão: Entende-se, portanto, que a adoção do escudo facial (face shield) para reduzir os efeitos contaminantes dos aerossóis durante a pandemia de COVID-19 é fundamental, uma vez que os estudos recentes atestam a possibilidade de redução dos níveis de contaminação.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the face shield as a face protection equipment, providing subsidies for its adoption in performing dental procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This is a bibliographic study, an integrative literature review, which consists of synthesizing the outcome of the research in an orderly and efficient way, providing a greater range of information on the subject, constituting a body of knowledge. Therefore, the bibliographic research was carried out on the EBSCOHost and PubMed platforms, using the descriptors "face shield" or "faceshield" and "COVID-19". The Search includes articles published in 2020 and 2021, in Brazilian Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Results: Nine articles were selected to illustrate the evi-dence about the effectiveness of the face shield as a protection barrier to be adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: It is understood, therefore, that the adoption of the face shield to reduce the contaminating effects of aerosols during the COVID-19 pandemic is fundamental, since recent studies attest to the possibility of reducing such levels of contamination.

Implicações de um diagnóstico: o que sentem as famílias dos sujeitos com deficiência? / Implications of a diagnosis: what the families of disabled subjects feel? / Consecuencias de un diagnóstico: qué sienten las familias de las personascon discapacidad?

O presente trabalho objetiva evidenciar e discutir os sentimentos, impressões pessoais e características atribuídas pela família no que se refere a ter um filho com deficiência. No caso desta pesquisa, todos apresentaram significativas alterações de linguagem subjacentes ao diagnóstico de autismo ou de paralisia cerebral. Metodologicamente caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa do tipo Estudo qualitativo de casos, com descrição numérica de categorias. Ao todo foram pesquisados 10 sujeitos. Todas as famílias foram submetidas a entrevistas iniciais, que foram transcritas e analisadas resultando num corpus de 20 relatórios. Como resultados, apontam-se as regularidades presentes nos discursos familiares em relação ao diagnóstico da deficiência, organizados posteriormente em 10 categorias: visão negativa (a rejeição, o susto, a tristeza, a agressividade, o preconceito, a dependência, o diferente, a dificuldade e a superproteção) e visão positiva (as potencialidades). Por meio deste estudo, foi possível contribuir para um melhor entendimento das implicações advindas do nascimento dessas crianças no seio familiar, bem como construir um material que dê subsídio e meios aos profissionais que buscam amparar tais sofrimentos na clínica fonoaudiológica e colaborar com essas famílias no enfrentamento de suas angústias e expectativas, conferindo-lhes a possibilidade de instituir uma nova visão sobre a criança com deficiência.

This study aims to highlight and discuss the feelings, personal impressions and characteristics attributed by the family about having a disabled child. In the case of this study, all presented significant language changes underlying the diagnosis of autism or cerebral palsy.Methodologically, it was characterized as a kind of qualitative study of cases, with numerical description of categories. 10 subjects were surveyed. All families were submitted to initial interviews, which were transcribed and analyzed, resulting in a corpus of 20 reports.As a result, the regularitiespresent in the family discourses about the diagnosis of the disability are pointed, subsequently organized into 10 categories: negative view (rejection, shock, sadness, aggressiveness, prejudice, dependence, different, difficulty and overprotection) and positive view (the potentialities).Through this study, it was possible to contribute to a betterunderstanding of the implications arising from the birth of these children in the family core, as well as to construct a material that gives subsidy and means to professionals who seek to support such suffering in speech therapy clinic and work with these families, facing their anxieties and expectations, giving them the possibility of establishing a new vision about the disabled child.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo destacar y discutir los sentimientos, las impresiones personales y las características atribuidas por la familia con respecto a tener un hijo con discapacidad. En el caso de esta investigación, todos mostraron cambios significativos del lenguaje subyacentes al diagnóstico de autismo o deparálisis cerebral. Metodológicamente se caracteriza por ser una investigación del tipo Estudio de Caso Cualitativo, con descripción numérica de las categorías. En total se encuestaron 10 sujetos. Todas las familias se sometieron aentrevistas iniciales que fueron transcritas y analizadas, resultando en un corpus de 20 informes. Como resultado, se señaló las regularidades presentes en los discursos familiares sobre el diagnóstico de la discapacidad, organizados posteriormente en 10 categorías: visión negativa (el rechazo, el susto, la tristeza, la agresividad, el prejuicio, ladependencia, el diferente, la dificultad y la sobreprotección) y visión positiva (las potencialidades). A través de esteestudio, fue posible contribuir para una mejor comprensión de las implicaciones que surgen desde el nacimiento de estos niños en la familia, así como construir un material que proporcione subsidios y medios a los profesionales que pretenden apoyar tales sufrimientos en la clínica fonoaudiológica y colaborar con estas familias en el afrontamientode sus angustias y expectativas, dándoles la posibilidad de establecer una nueva visión del niño con discapacidad.