The applicability of the concept of treatment adherence in the context of the Brazilian mental health system.

OBJECTIVE: To present reflections on the type of research conducted on a treatment adherence among users of Public Mental Health System in Brazil and discuss the applicability of the concept of adherence to treatment in this context. METHOD: Literature review in SciELO, LILACS, Cochrane Library and PubMed / MEDLINE using the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) treatment, adhesion and "mental health" and the specific vocabulary of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "patient compliance/psychologist" y "mental health". They were included for review the complete texts and theses published between 2007-2012 in Portuguese, English and Spanish. RESULTS: 127 articles were recovered, 32 specifically related to mental health. Eight were excluded for duplicates and after reading the remaining 24 articles were selected for this study 10 conducted in the field of Mental Health in Brazil. No investigations have been identified with focus on adherence to psychosocial treatment offered in public mental health. CONCLUSIONS: disregard of the mental health legislation and reinforce the asylum model of assistance. OBJETIVO: Presentar reflexiones sobre el tipo de investigaciones realizadas en Brasil sobre la adhesión al tratamiento de los usuarios del Sistema Público de Salud Mental y discutir la aplicabilidad del concepto de adhesión al tratamiento en dicho contexto. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica en las bases SciELO, LILACS, Biblioteca Cochrane y PubMed/MEDLINE utilizando los descriptores de Ciencias de la Salud (DeCS) adhesión, tratamiento y "salud mental" y el vocabulario específico de Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "patient compliance/psychologist" y "mental health". Se incluyeron los textos completos y las tesis publicadas entre 2007-2012, en portugués, inglés y español. RESULTADOS: F1eron recuperados 127 artículos, 32 específicamente de la salud mental. Se excluyeron los 8 duplicados y de los 24 restantes fueron seleccionados para el presente trabajo los 10 realizados en Brasil. No se identificaron enfoques sobre la adhesión al tratamiento de perspectiva psicosocial ofrecido en la red pública de salud mental. CONCLUSIÓN: Las investigaciones analizadas desconsideran el contexto y la complejidad del tratamiento ofrecido desconociendo la legislación en salud mental vigente y reforzando el modelo de atención asilar.

[Strategies for development, follow-up, and assessment of care provided to women in the pregnancy-postnatal cycle]. / Estratégias de desenvolvimento, acompanhamento e avaliação do atendimento da gestante no ciclo gravídico-puerperal.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the development of a questionnaire for assessment of prenatal, birth, and postnatal care (Inventário de Avaliação da Assistência ao Pré-natal, Parto e Puerpério, IAAPPP), which was designed taking into consideration the experience of users of a public obstetric service. METHODS: This mixed methods research was performed in the city of Caicó, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The study consisted of two phases: in phase 1, focal groups were organized with 19 users of the health care system for identification of relevant issues for assessment of the pregnancy-postnatal cycle. The first draft of the questionnaire was also designed and tested for validity with seven of the 19 focal group participants; a second draft was produced and retested. In phase 2, the intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated to determine reproducibility. A pilot test was carried out to determine the applicability of the survey and the final version of the IAAPPP was developed. RESULTS: Based on the focal group discussions, the inventory was organized into four domains: 1) socioeconomic information, 2) obstetric history, 3) description of current obstetric experience and 4) assessment of follow-up. Domains 3 and 4 were subdivided into prenatal care, birthcare, postnatal care, and pregnancy-postnatal cycle. The answers of the women who evaluated the instrument for domain 4 were strongly correlated (>0.8), indicating reproducibility of the IAAPPP. CONCLUSIONS: The methodological model allowed us to identify needs and demands of women in the pregnancy-postnatal cycle, and allowed us to design a questionnaire that can be applied to other regions with similar sociocultural characteristics.

Cognitive assessment in elderly residents of long-stay institutions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive performance of institutionalized elderly in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal study of 85 aged individuals via an interview conducted following the application of a classification form and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), with different cutoff points according to the level of education. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (164/2011). RESULTS: The mean age of the elderly studied was 76.8 years, 48.3% were single and 62.0% women, with an average of 3.27 children and 3 years of schooling; cognitive losses were recorded over a 6-month period following the 1st assessment, declining from 18.8 to 16.9% at the 2nd assessment for the following items: orientation to space (p = 0.02), language (p = 0.02) and repetition (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results show significant cognitive changes among elderly subjects, with 64.6% exhibiting cognitive impairment. The findings suggest systematic evaluations in elders as a mean to establish prevention measures for health losses, taking into account that the referred deficits are capable of causing damage in the everyday life of these elderly residents of institutions.

Pediatric Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire for the Brazilian population: Cross-cultural adaptation and measurement properties.

OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the Pediatric Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese and analyze its measurement properties. METHODS: This exploratory methodological study included eight experts and 30 caregivers in the translation and cross-cultural adaptation steps. Thereafter, 118 caregivers of pediatric patients with asthma aged between 5 and 17 years were involved in the analysis of measurement properties. We analyzed the content, structural (exploratory and confirmatory factorial), construct (convergent and discriminant), and known-groups validities; floor and ceiling effects; and determined the cut-off point (receiver operator characteristic curve) to identify pediatric patients with uncontrolled asthma. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analyzed test-retest reliability with 54 caregivers, whereas Cronbach's α and composite reliability verified the internal consistency of the items. RESULTS: The committee of experts and caregivers found the instructions and response options relevant, understandable, and clear (K > 0.75). During the cross-cultural adaptation, three items (2, 4, and 12) were slightly modified by including terms to facilitate understanding. A two-factor structure (asthma control and patient-provider communication) was identified. Internal consistency (α > .67; composite reliability > 0.73) and test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.80) were acceptable. For construct and know-groups validities, 85.71% of the hypothesis were confirmed. A cut-off point of >3 for the control domain was considered adequate to identify pediatric patients with uncontrolled asthma (sensitivity: 86.21%; specificity: 80.90%). CONCLUSION: The Pediatric ATAQ was adequately adapted for Brazilian pediatric patients with asthma and produced valid and reliable measures for assessing asthma control. Therefore, it may be considered an adequate instrument for monitoring asthma control in the Brazilian pediatric population.

Barriers to and facilitators of populational adherence to prevention and control measures of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

AIMS: To summarise the evidence on barriers to and facilitators of population adherence to prevention and control measures for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infectious diseases. METHODS: A qualitative synthesis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care: Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. We performed an electronic search on MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from their inception to March 2023. RESULTS: We included 71 studies regarding COVID-19, pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, pertussis and H1N1, representing 5966 participants. The measures reported were vaccinations, physical distancing, stay-at-home policy, quarantine, self-isolation, facemasks, hand hygiene, contact investigation, lockdown, infection prevention and control guidelines, and treatment. Tuberculosis-related measures were access to care, diagnosis and treatment completion. Analysis of the included studies yielded 37 barriers and 23 facilitators. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that financial and social support, assertive communication, trust in political authorities and greater regulation of social media enhance adherence to prevention and control measures for COVID-19 and infectious respiratory diseases. Designing and implementing effective educational public health interventions targeting the findings of barriers and facilitators highlighted in this review are key to reducing the impact of infectious respiratory diseases at the population level.

Effectiveness of Agreement Criteria and Flows of Collaborative Care in Primary Mental Health Care in Brazil.

The supply of mental health processes in primary care has gaps. This study aims to analyze the association of agreement criteria and flows between primary care teams and the Family Health Support Center (NASF) for mental health collaborative care, considering the difference between capital and non-capital cities in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on secondary data from the Primary Care Access and Quality Improvement Program. Agreement criteria and flows were obtained from 3883 NASF teams of the matrix support or collaborative care. The Chi-square test and multiple Poisson regression were used; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Prevalence ratios of negative associations demonstrated protective factors for support actions: follow-up at Psychosocial Care Center, management of psychopharmacotherapy, offer of other therapeutic actions, care process for users of psychoactive substances, and offer of activities to prevent the use of psychoactive substances. Collaborative care in primary care was effective, and capital cities were a protective factor compared with non-capital cities.

Barriers and facilitators to populational adherence to prevention and control measures of COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis protocol.

INTRODUCTION: The current COVID-19 pandemic has increased the need for populational adherence to measures for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases. However, their effectiveness depends on the population's preventive behaviour, which may be divergent from public policies. Therefore, this study aims to summarise and evaluate the evidence on barriers and facilitators to populational adherence to prevention and control measures in COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search on MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO for studies focusing on adults receiving protective behaviour recommendations to combat COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases. The searches will be carried out from database's inception to the present. We will include studies that use qualitative methods in their data collection and analysis and studies that use mixed methods if they include any qualitative methods of analysis. Studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish will be included. Two review authors will independently screen the studies for inclusion and extract data. We will assess the quality of the included studies using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme tool. For the assessment of the confidence in the synthesised findings, we will use the GRADE-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research. Data analysis will be conducted using the best-fit framework approach based on adapted dimensions from the Health Belief Model and the Behaviour Change Wheel. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will be conducted on published evidence, and thus, no ethical approval is required. The findings of this rapid qualitative evidence synthesis will be disseminated to academic audiences, health policy-makers and the general population. We will publish the results in peer-reviewed journals, present our findings in conferences, and disseminate results via social media. We also aim to present the research findings in plain language and disseminate the knowledge to the general population to increase public interest. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020205750.

Validity Evidences of the Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory for the Elderly Brazilian Population.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to translate the Prefrontal Symptoms Inventory (PSI) (abbreviated version) for the elderly into Brazilian Portuguese, evaluate its psychometric properties, and investigate if the PSI could distinguish between groups with (clinical group) and without (non-clinical group) a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: The PSI was idiomatically and culturally adapted, and then administered to 256 individuals over 60 years of age who also completed a clinical interview, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15, and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). RESULTS: The results indicated satisfactory adjustment and adequate reliability (Ω of 0.83 and α=0.80) for the uni-factorial model. The non-clinical group showed significant correlations between the PSI-16, GDS-15, MMSE, and FAB and its six subtests. In the clinical group, there were negative correlations between the PSI-16, MMSE, and the FAB and the conceptual subtest. The groups differed statistically significantly, with the clinical sample showing the highest PSI-16 score. In the non-clinical group, there were significant positive correlations between age and PSI-16, and negative correlations between education and PSI-16. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the PSI-16 can be used as a valid and reliable screening tool for clinical use in the elderly with and without pathology.

Psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian version of the pediatric asthma control and communication instrument.

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of questionnaires capable of evaluating the clinical control of Brazilian children and adolescents with asthma over a wide age range. The Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (PACCI) has been validated, but only with English- and Spanish-speaking children in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the PACCI questionnaire. METHODS: A cross-sectional psychometric study conducted with children and adolescents aged 01 to 19 years with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, and their respective parents/guardians. The following assessments were conducted: socioeconomic status; clinical control using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (c-ACT), Asthma Control Test (ACT); caregiver quality of life using the Pediatric Asthma Caregivers Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ); and pulmonary function test (spirometry). Validity was evaluated as follows: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis; Cronbach's alpha analysis (α); floor and ceiling effects; receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 128 participants were included, most of them male (54.7%). The Brazilian version of PACCI had adequate internal consistency (α = .76) and moderate floor and ceiling effects. The internal structure presented acceptable adjustment indices, considering the extraction of four factors. The factors presented adequate α values. Asthma control factor 1 correlated with c-ACT/ACT and PACQLQ. Control domain scores greater than four points (sum of score) and above 1 point (problem index) were indicative of uncontrolled asthma. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of PACCI was able to provide valid and reliable measures in evaluating the clinical control of asthma in Brazilian children and adolescents.

[Assessment of the work conditions in hospitals of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil]. / Avaliação das condições de trabalho em Hospitais de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

This study identified how health professionals assess work conditions in different hospitals and verified how these conditions affect labor satisfaction. The sample was composed of 213 professionals from several healthcare fields. The analysis of the results indicated a distinct profile among the hospitals when it comes to work conditions. In a general perspective, the study observed low labor quality averages in State-run hospitals, while the highest ones were observed in the philanthropic hospital. This result corroborates the current condition of Brazilian public health. It also significantly associates labor satisfaction with the variables of family income and workplace. Therefore, conflicts in this scenario are considered as inevitable due to the precarious structure of some public health institutions; however, these problems can be foreseen and solved if hospitals create a free, accessible expression channel to all agents.

Social and conceptual adaptive skills of individuals with Intellectual Disability. / Habilidades adaptativas sociais e conceituais de indivíduos com deficiência intelectual.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the social and conceptual skills of people with Intellectual Disability. METHOD: A descriptive study conducted with 100 caregivers, 9 teachers and 100 people with Intellectual Disability from a Philanthropic Institution in Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The participants ages in the study ranged from 9 to 83 years. Three-hundred (300) questionnaires were administered. The data were processed by Factorial Matching Analysis in the Tri-Deux-Mots program . RESULTS: Considering the factorial correspondence plan, it should be noted that the social skills of students in the age group between 21 and 40 years were related to playing educational games, playing ball with friends and dating. Regarding conceptual skills, students revealed autonomy in relation to school activities, however the caregivers emphasized that they lack autonomy in relation to these skills. In perceiving the realities of students from different classes, teachers presented opposing opinions on dependency and independence issues. CONCLUSION: Education and health professionals and caregivers can collaborate more effectively in developing the autonomy of people with Intellectual Disability by promoting a more interactive environment which provides skills development and interpersonal relationships without discrimination, disrespect or prejudice.

Manifestations and strategies of coping with Chagas Disease that interfere in the quality of life of the individual: a systematic review. / Manifestações e estratégias de enfrentamento da Doença de Chagas que interferem na qualidade de vida do indivíduo: uma revisão sistemática.

We aimed to identify the manifestations and coping strategies of Chagas disease that influence the quality of life of the affected subject. This is a literature systematic review carried out in PubMed, SciELO and Lilacs databases, through which sixpapers were retrieved, in addition to six publications identified with the verification of the bibliographic list and four papers through manual search, which were independently evaluated by two reviewers. The variables addressed were set in the thematic axes manifestations of Chagas disease that interfere in the quality of life of the individual and coping strategies that influence the quality of life of patients affected by Chagas disease, subdivided into three realms, namely, physical, psychological and social. The results seen in all addressed realms evidenced a quality of life compromised by the disease, measures mostly limited to the patient's physical realm and incipient records of studies in the area. We suggest further exploring the proposed theme, believing that knowledge of the patient living with the disease promotes the development of effective health intervention strategies.

Objetivou-se identificar as manifestações e as estratégias de enfrentamento da doença de Chagas que impactam na qualidade de vida do sujeito acometido. Trata-se de estudo de revisão sistemática de literatura, realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, através das quais se reuniu um quantitativo de 6 artigos, além de 6 publicações identificadas por meio de verificação de lista bibliográfica e 4 trabalhos mediante busca manual, os quais foram avaliados por dois revisores de maneira independente. As variáveis tratadas foram enquadradas nos eixos temáticos: manifestações da doença de Chagas que interferem na qualidade de vida do indivíduo e estratégias de enfrentamento que impactam na qualidade de vida de pacientes acometidos por doença de Chagas, subdivididos em três dimensões: domínio físico, domínio psicológico e domínio social. Os resultados visualizados em todos os domínios tratados demonstraram qualidade de vida comprometida pelo acometimento da doença; medidas de enfrentamento limitadas, em sua maioria, à dimensão física do paciente; além de registros incipientes de estudos na área. Sugere-se a exploração da temática proposta, acreditando-se que o conhecimento do convívio do portador com a doença promove a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção em saúde eficazes.

Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument: translation into Portuguese and cross-cultural adaptation for use in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To translate the Pediatric Asthma Control and Communication Instrument (PACCI) to Portuguese and adapt it for use in Brazil, ensuring the cultural validity of the content and semantic equivalence of the target version. METHODS: The Brazilian Portuguese-language version of the PACCI was developed according to the most commonly used methodology, which included the following steps: translation; synthesis of the translation; review by the author of the original questionnaire; back-translation; synthesis of the back-translation; review by a native external researcher who is a native speaker of English; approval of the author of the original questionnaire; review by a specialist in Portuguese; review by a multidisciplinary committee of experts to determine the agreement of the items, considering the clarity of each and its appropriateness in the cultural context; cognitive debriefing; and development of the final version. The cognitive debriefing involved 31 parents/legal guardians of children 1-21 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of asthma, as defined by the Global Initiative for Asthma, with the objective of determining the comprehensibility and clarity of the items for the target population. RESULTS: The multidisciplinary committee of experts indicated that the items on the questionnaire were clear and comprehensible, with kappa values above 0.61, indicating substantial agreement. In the cognitive debriefing, the parents/legal guardians presented no difficulties in understanding any of the items (agreement > 0.90); therefore, no further changes were needed. CONCLUSIONS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PACCI for use in Brazil were successful.

[An assessment of hospital services from the perspective of health professionals]. / Avaliação de serviços hospitalares na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde.

This study had the objective of determining the way in which health professionals assess hospital services offered by their institutions, as well as identifying the core of social representations elaborated by those professionals regarding such institutions. A hundred and fifty-three questionnaires, applied in two hospitals (a state hospital and a charity hospital) in the metropolitan area of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were analyzed. In the service assessment the Charity Hospital got the highest average score as for Service Quality. The state hospital presented the lowest average in the item "Respect for patient's privacy". The central categories were "Overpopulation" and "Humanized care" in both State and Charity hospitals, respectively. The peripheral categories were "Low wages" and "Overpopulation". Conducting an assessment is a very complex and important task. The assessment should become part of the organizational culture and guide improvements hospital care quality.

[Psychological and social aspects of patients with keratoconus]. / Aspectos psicossociais do paciente com ceratocone.

INTRODUCTION: Keratoconus is a progressive and non-inflammatory ectasia of the cornea, mostly bilateral causing low vision because of the irregular astigmatism. The influence of the disease on quality of life is dependent on limiting factors and personality type. PURPOSE: To verify quality of life and personality type of the person with keratoconus. METHODS: Sixty-eight individuals with keratoconus and 52 without the ocular disease were studied. The following data were collected: personal demographic data, keratoconus measurements and specific questions, complete ophthalmologic examination, measurement of quality of life and personality type using standardized instruments. RESULTS: Both groups were demographically similar and comparable. SF-36 and MIPS differed between keratoconus and control patients. SF-36 scores showed that the keratoconus group had lower scores regarding the physical component (353.0 +/- 58.2 x 379.1 +/- 52.9) (p=0.005) as well as the mental component (326.3 +/- 89.9 x 364.2 +/- 66.4) (p=0.004), mainly functional capacity (86.3 +/- 9.7 x 92.6 +/- 9.7) (p<0.0001) and general health (76.8 +/- 16.9 x 83.5 +/- 16.5) (p=0.014). MIPS scores showed that patients with keratoconus were significantly more pain avoiding (p=0.007) presented more, imaginative intuition (p=0.004), asocial withdrawal (p=0.014) and anxious hesitation (p=0.010) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results showed psychosocial impairment in the keratoconus group. Keratoconus influenced the quality of life expressed by the SF-36. MIPS showed keratoconus patients to be more pain avoiding, with more imaginative intuition, asocial withdrawal and anxious hesitation than the control group.

[Adherence to condom use: the real behavior in the Northeast of Brazil]. / Adesão ao uso da camisinha: a realidade comportamental no interior do nordeste do brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the socioeconomic, demographic and cultural elements that interfere in the adherence to the use of condoms in an open population. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach was conducted through an explanatory household survey, in the municipality of Caraúbas, West Potiguar mesoregion, with 3 482 individuals older than 18. A Likert questionnaire was administered by community health agents in a household setting. Descriptive statistics were performed, followed by univariate and bivariate analyzes, using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The most receptive groups to condom use are the earliest age groups, male subjects, participants who do not have a stable relationship, and those with a higher education level. The association between condom and condom use showed that the more affluent strata represented less condom adoption. The reasons for condom abandonment were the preference for another contraceptive method and the confidence in the partner, and the main reason for its use was prevention against sexually transmitted diseases. DISCUSSION: Adherence to condom use is scarce in all the groups considered. The popularization of the method must be fostered by individual and collective measures directed to consider the use of condoms for a dual purpose, by expanding information through sex education campaigns and overcoming gender conflicts.

Positive Driver Behaviours Scale: adaptação e validação para o Brasil / Positive Driver Behaviours Scale: adaptation and validation for Brazil / Positive Driver Behaviours Scale: adaptación y validación para Brasil

Objetivou-se realizar uma adaptação da Positive Driver Behaviours Scale (PDBS) para o Brasil e verificar se seria possível propor uma medida reduzida. O instrumento originalmente composto por 38 itens foi apli-cado a 204 motoristas do Brasil, sendo a maioria homens (65,7%), com média de 35,6 anos. O resultado mostrou a possibilidade de uma estrutura unifatorial, composta por um total de 19 itens e alfa de Cronba-ch = 0,90, explicando 37,9% da variância total. Destaca-se a relevância dessa medida, pois ela fornece um subsídio capaz de medir comportamento no trânsito. Além disso, oferece suporte para os profissionais e psicólogos do trânsito, de modo a instrumentalizar as práticas. Permite ainda uma compreensão do fenô-meno dos transportes, o que pode facilitar o desenvolvimento de medidas eficazes no combate aos acidentes

The objective of this study was to carry out an adaptation of the Positive Driver Behaviors Scale (PDBS) for Brazil and verify if it would be possible to propose a brief version of the scale. The instrument originally composed of 38 items was applied to 204 motorists in Brazil, the majority being men (65.7%), with a mean age of 35.6 years. The result showed the possibility of a one-factor structure, consisting of a total of 19 items and Cronbach's alpha = .90, explaining 37.9% of the total variance. The relevance of this measure is highlighted because it is a tool capable of evaluating non-traffic behavior. Besides, it provides support to traffic professionals and psychologists, in order to instrumentalize their practices. It also allows further understanding of the phenomenon of transport, which can facilitate the development of effective measures to combat accidents.

Objetivó realizar una adaptación de la Positive Driver Behaviours Scale (PDBS) para Brasil y verificar la posi-bilidad de proponer una medida reducida. El instrumento originalmente compuesto por 38 ítems fue apli-cado a 204 conductores del Brasil, la mayoría siendo hombres (65,7%), con un promedio de edad de 35,6 años. El resultado mostró la posibilidad de una estructura unifactorial, compuesta por un total de 19 ítems y alfa de Cronbach = 0,90, explicando los 37,9% de la variancia total. Se destaca la relevancia de esta me-dida, porque ofrece un subsidio capaz de medir comportamiento en el tránsito. Además, ofrece soporte para los profesionales y psicólogos del tránsito, instrumentalizando prácticas. También permite una com-prensión del fenómeno de los transportes, lo que puede facilitar el desarrollo de medidas eficaces para combatir los accidentes.

Congenital Heart Disease and Impacts on Child Development.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the child development and evaluate a possible association with the commitment by biopsychosocial factors of children with and without congenital heart disease. METHODS: Observational study of case-control with three groups: Group 1 - children with congenital heart disease without surgical correction; Group 2 - children with congenital heart disease who underwent surgery; and Group 3 - healthy children. Children were assessed by socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire and the Denver II Screening Test. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty eight children were evaluated, 29 in Group 1, 43 in Group 2 and 56 in Group 3. Of the total, 51.56% are girls and ages ranged from two months to six years (median 24.5 months). Regarding the Denver II, the children with heart disease had more "suspicious" and "suspect/abnormal" ratings and in the group of healthy children 53.6% were considered with "normal" development (P≤0.0001). The biopsychosocial variables that were related to a possible developmental delay were gender (P=0.042), child's age (P=0.001) and income per capita (P=0.019). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that children with congenital heart disease are likely to have a developmental delay with significant difference between children who have undergone surgery and those awaiting surgery under clinical follow-up.

Práticas avaliativas realizadas por psicólogos hospitalares: um estudo descritivo / Evaluative practices performed by health psychologists: a descriptive study / Prácticas evaluativas realizadas por psicólogos clínicos: un estudio descriptivo

As práticas avaliativas estão na gama de possibilidades de atuação do psicólogo no Hospital. Buscou-se investigar o manejo dos processos avaliativos por psicólogos hospitalares inseridos em hospitais não psiquiátricos, quanto aos tipos, origens, características e necessidades solicitadas, identificando a conduta destes frente às demandas. Foi conduzido estudo observacional descritivo, de corte transversal, com levantamento de dados multimétodos por meio de entrevista estruturada com 14 psicólogos hospitalares de Natal/RN. Entre os resultados, observou-se que 87,7% consideram avaliação descritiva como mais frequente, 78,6% percebem que estas acontecem tanto por solicitação da equipe quanto por identificação da necessidade pelo próprio psicólogo e verificou-se um predomínio do uso de técnicas qualitativas como avaliação. Concluiu-se que o ambiente hospitalar oferece desafios para um amplo uso das técnicas existentes que, juntamente com a escassez de material e recursos humanos, tem-se uma conjuntura desfavorável para o uso destas no Hospital. (AU)

Evaluative practices are among the possibilities of a psychologist's work at the Hospital. The aim was to investigate the management of the evaluation processes by hospital psychologists working in non-psychiatric hospitals, regarding the types, characteristics and needs requested, identifying their actions faced with the demands. A cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was conducted with multi-method data collection through a structured interview with 14 hospital psychologists from Natal/RN. Among the results, 87.7% considered the descriptive evaluation to be the most frequent, 78.6% perceived that these occur due to requests of the team and identification of the need by the psychologists themselves, with a predominance of the use of qualitative techniques in the evaluation. It was concluded that the hospital environment presents challenges for a wide use of the existing techniques, which together with the scarcity of material and human resources present unfavorable conditions for the use of those practices in the Hospital. (AU)

Las prácticas evaluativas se encuentran dentro del abanico de posibilidades de actuación del psicólogo en el ámbito hospitalario. Se buscó investigar la gestión de los procesos de evaluación por psicólogos clínicos insertados en hospitales no psiquiátricos, con respecto a los tipos, orígenes característicos y necesidades solicitadas, identificando la conducta de los psicólogos ante las demandas. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, con levantamiento de datos multimétodos a través de una entrevista estructurada con 14 psicólogos clínicos hospitalarios de la ciudad de Natal, Río Grande do Norte. Entre los resultados, se observó que el 87,7% considera la evaluación descriptiva como la más frecuente, el 78,6% afirma que estas ocurren tanto por solicitud del equipo como por el propio psicólogo al identificar la necesidad, verificando un predominio del uso de técnicas cualitativas como evaluación. Se concluyó que el entorno hospitalario presenta desafíos para un amplio uso de las técnicas existentes, que junto con la escasez de recursos materiales y humanos, se da una coyuntura desfavorable para el uso de las mismas en el hospital. (AU)

Validity of the social support assessment scale in mothers of hospitalized premature neonates / Validade da escala para avaliação do apoio social em mães de neonatos prematuros hospitalizados

Mothers staying with their premature babies, hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit tend to have reduced contact with friends and family, so it is pertinent that the perceived social support be evaluated during this period. This study aims to verify the validity of the Scale to evaluate the perceived social support by mothers of hospitalized premature babies. It is composed by the following dimensions: affective support; material support; informational support; emotionalsupport; embracing support; and attentional support. It is a sectional analytical study. The participants were 218 mothers of premature babies hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The social support Scale for mothers of hospitalized premature neonates demonstrates satisfactory psychometric quality, presenting evidence of criterion validity, internal consistency and internal structure.

As mães acompanhantes de bebês prematuros que estão hospitalizados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal tendem a ter reduzido o seu contato com amigos e familiares, por isso é pertinente que o apoio social percebido seja avaliado durante esse período. Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar evidências de validade da Escala para avaliação do apoio social percebido por mães de bebês prematuros hospitalizados, que é composta pelas dimensões: apoio afetivo; apoio material; apoio de informação; apoio emocional; apoio de acolhimento e apoio de atenção. Trata-se de um estudo seccional analítico do qual participaram 218 mães de bebês prematuros hospitalizados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. A Escala para avaliação do apoio social em mães de neonatos prematuros hospitalizados demonstra qualidade psicométrica satisfatória, apresentando evidências de validade de critério, de consistência interna e de estrutura interna.