RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although severe acute malnutrition is a major public issue among HIV infected children, there is no prior evidence in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aims to assess the time to develop severe acute malnutrition and its predictors among children living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia, 2012. METHODS: An institution based retrospective cohort study was conducted in South Gondar hospitals among 363 HIV infected children from February 10, 2014, to January 7, 2021. Epi-data version 3.1 was used to enter data, which was then exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Besides, WHO (World Health Organization) Anthro Plus software was used to assess the nutritional status of the children. A standardized data extraction tool was used to collect the data. The Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to estimate the median survival time. The Cox-proportional hazard model assumption was checked via the Schoenfeld residual ph test and a stph plot. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were employed at 95% confidence intervals (CI). A variable having a p-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant predictor of severe acute malnutrition. RESULTS: A total of 363 children living with HIV, 97 (26.72%) developed severe acute malnutrition during the follow-up period. The overall incidence rate was 5.4 (95% CI: 4.7-5.9) person per year with a total of 21, 492 months or 1791 years of observation. Moreover, the median survival time was 126 months. Treatment failure [AHR =3.4 (95% CI: 2.05-5.75)], CD4 count below threshold [AHR =2.5 (95% CI: 1.64-3.95)], and WHO stage III & IV [AHR =2.9 (95% CI: 1.74-4.73)] were all significant predictors of severe acute malnutrition. CONCLUSION: The time to develop severe acute malnutrition was found to be very low. Treatment failure, CD4 count below threshold, and WHO stage III were all significant predictors of severe acute malnutrition. Hence, emphasizing those predictor variables is essential for preventing and controlling the occurrence of severe acute malnutrition among HIV infected children.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH , Desnutrición Aguda Severa , Niño , Etiopía/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Hospitales , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Desnutrición Aguda Severa/complicaciones , Desnutrición Aguda Severa/diagnóstico , Desnutrición Aguda Severa/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) is a cost-effective priority intervention to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in poorresource settings. In most sub-Saharan African countries, all signal functions perform below the appropriate United Nations standard. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the availability, utilization, and quality of basic emergency obstetric and newborn care services in Farta District, Ethiopia primary health care centers. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in primary health care centers in Farta District, South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. RESULTS: Out of ten rural health centers, 50% administered parenteral antibiotics, 50% administered parenteral anticonvulsants, 30% performed assisted vaginal delivery, 40% performed manual placenta removal, and 70% administered oxytocin for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage and 60% performed neonatal resuscitation with bag and mask. CONCLUSION: All of the health centers in the study area were not fully implementing the BEmONC signal functions.