[A new look at reactions with participation of metal-porphyrines].

Reactions ofnucleophilic substitution and enzymatic processes with participation of metal-porphyrins (MP) are considered from the point of view of Zn-tetraphenylporphin (Zn-TPhP) coordination with corresponding ligand/nucleophyl/substrate/base. Linear correlations perform between kinetic parameters of process of coordination of Zn-TPhP in chloroform (constants of stability) and reactions of nucleophilic substitution both in aqueous and organic solvents with participation ofpyridines, N-oxides ofpyridines, anilines, primary amines and oxidation of anilines by horseradish peroxidase in aqueous solutions (rate constants). Thermodynamic parameters of complexation and nucleophilic substitution mutually correlate linearly in the case of pyridines, anilines and primary amines.

Dynamics of plasma proteome during leptin-replacement therapy in genetically based leptin deficiency.

The effects of leptin-replacement therapy on the plasma proteome of three unique adults with genetically based leptin deficiency were studied longitudinally during the course of recombinant human leptin-replacement treatment. Quantitative proteomics analysis was performed in plasma samples collected during four stages: before leptin treatment was initiated, after 1.5 and 6 years of leptin-replacement treatment, and after 7 weeks of temporary interruption of leptin-replacement therapy. Of 500 proteins reliably identified and quantitated in those four stages, about 100 were differentially abundant twofold or more in one or more stages. Synchronous dynamics of abundances of about 90 proteins was observed reflecting both short- and long-term effects of leptin-replacement therapy. Pathways and processes enriched with overabundant synchronous proteins were cell adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, cell cycle, blood coagulation, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Plausible common regulators of the above synchronous proteins were identified using transcription regulation network analysis. The generated network included two transcription factors (c-Myc and androgen receptor) that are known to activate each other through a double-positive feedback loop, which may represent a potential molecular mechanism for the long-term effects of leptin-replacement therapy. Our findings may help to elucidate the effects of leptin on insulin resistance.

Sublimation Enthalpies of Substituted Pyridine N-Oxides.

The enthalpies of sublimation of five substituted pyridine N-oxides were determined by the Knudsen effusion method with mass spectrometric control of the vapor composition within the framework of the second law of thermodynamics. The sublimation enthalpy of mono-substituted compounds 4-X-PyO depends on the nature of the substituent X and increases in the order CH3→NO2→OCH3. A difference is noted in the nature of dissociative ionization of disubstituted derivatives 2-CH3-4-NO2PyO and 3-CH3-4-NO2PyO. The relationship between the packing of molecules in crystals and the ΔH°subl values is considered.

Deconvolution of insulin secretion, insulin hepatic extraction post-hepatic delivery rates and sensitivity during 24-hour standardized meals: time course of glucose homeostasis in leptin replacement treatment.

Minimally invasive methodology, mathematical model, and software for analysis of glucose homeostasis by deconvolution of insulin secretion, hepatic extraction, post-hepatic delivery, and sensitivity from 24-hour standardized meals test have been developed and illustrated by the study of glucose homeostasis of a genetically based leptin-deficient patient before and after leptin replacement treatment. The only genetically leptin-deficient adult man identified in the world was treated for 24 months with recombinant methionyl human leptin. Blood was collected every 7 minutes for 24 hours, with standardized meals consumed during the 4 visits: at baseline, one-week, 18-months, and 24-months after initiation of the treatment. Concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucose were measured. Insulin secretion was obtained by deconvolution of C-peptide data. Hepatic insulin extraction was determined based on our modifications of the insulin kinetics model . Insulin sensitivity for each of the four meals was calculated by using the minimal glucose model approach. Hepatic extraction of insulin was the first element of glucose homeostasis to respond to leptin replacement treatment and increased 2-fold after one week of treatment. Insulin secretion and delivery rates decreased more than 2-fold and insulin sensitivity increased 10-fold after 24 months of treatment. Computer programs for analysis of 24-hour insulin secretion, extraction, delivery, and action are available upon request.

On the mathematical model of flow injection analysis-II. The second order chemical reaction in a straight tube.

The mathematical model of flow injection analysis (FIA) for fast second-order chemical reaction in a straight tube is presented. The sample and reagent are initially premixed and the analytical solution for the detection output, i.e. the integral of the product of reaction concentration over the tube cross-section is given. The optimization of FIA is discussed. It is proposed to put the detector in the real FIA systems immediately after the point where the sample and reagent are satisfactorily mixed.

Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow-injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis.

A new method of mixing sample and reagent due to the difference in their electrophoretic mobilities is introduced. Unlike electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis, sample and reagent are injected from the opposite ends of a capillary tube. This method is compared with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis. Experiments are performed showing the possibilities of this new method.

Experimental study of kinematic focusing. Comparison of electroinjection and sequential injection determination of copper.

The recently predicted phenomenon of kinematic focusing was studied experimentally using copper ions and EDTA as reactants. Kinematic focusing occurs, in electroinjection analysis, when the detected reaction product moves at the same rate as the reagent present in excess. Thus, reaction product accumulates without dispersion at the front of the excess reagent. Cu-EDTA(2-) complex was observed at 254 nm to form an exceptionally sharp peak as the front of the EDTA zone passed by the detector. The concentrating effect of kinematic focusing was quantified by electroinjection of premixed Cu-EDTA(2-). Sensitivity was compared to that of sequential injection analysis using a 1 cm optical pathlength. Sensitivity was highest in the electroinjection mode, in spite of its 120 mum capillary pathlength, due to kinematic focusing.

[Isolation of viruses of antigenic complexes of California encephalitis and Bunyamwera (Bunyaviridae, Bunuavirus) from mosquitoes in northeast Asia]. / Izoliatsiia virusov antigennykh kompleksov Kaliforniiskogo éntsefalita i bun'iamvera (Bunyaviridae, Bunuavirus) iz komarov na severo-vostoke aziatskogo kontinenta.

Studies in suckling mice and by direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay were carried out with 111,1 thousand Aedes mosquitoes collected in July, 1986, in tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of Kamchatka region and Chukotka autonomous district of Magadan region (North-Pacific natural area within 69 degrees-53 degrees North and 156 degrees-177 degrees East). Eleven strains were isolated of which 7 were classified as members of the California encephalitis complex (Tahyna-like strains) and 4 as members of the Bunyamwera complex (Batai-like strains). According to electron-microscopic studies of 2 strains (one from each antigenic complex), both were classified as belonging to the family of Bunyaviridae. Strains of both complexes were isolated in all landscape zones examined--tundra, forest-tundra, northern taiga. Virus-neutralizing antibodies to them were found in human and reindeer sera also in all the landscape zones, to Tahyna virus in 11%-61%, to Batain virus in 2%-6% blood specimens. No antibody to Uukuniemi virus was found.

[Properties of the influenza viruses isolated in 1976 from gulls in Astrakhan Province]. / Izuchenie svoistv virusov grippa, vydelennykh v 1976 g. ot chaikovykh ptits v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

Investigation of a number of properties of influenza viruses isolated from Laridae birds in the Astrakhan region showed that in one epizootic focus avian influenza viruses with different hemagglutinins and identical neuraminidase may circulate among Laridae birds. Among viruses with the antigenic formula Hav5Nav2 clear-cut differences in virulence and plaque-forming capacity were demonstrated.

[Isolation of influenza virus with the antigenic formula Hav4 Nav2 and Hav5 Nav2 during epizootic infection among sea gulls in the Astrakhan district in the summer of 1976]. / Izoliatsiia virusa grippa s antigennoi formuloi Hav4 Nav2 i Hav5 Nav2 v period epizootii sredi chaikovykh ptits letom 1976 g. v Astrakhanskoi oblasti.

Virological examinations of nesting colonies of Laridae birds in the avandelta of the Volga, Astrakhan region, during an epizootic in July, 1976, yielded 5 strains of influenza virus: 3 from Sterna albifrons, 1 from S. hirundo and 1 from Larus genei, identical with A/Sterna hirundo/S. Africa/61 (Hav5 Nav2) virus. At the same period two strains were isolated from Larus genei showing a previously unknown composition of the surface antigens: Hav4 Nav2. All the strains were isolated only from cloacal washings.

[Effect of UHF and ionizing radiation on the Na-K-ATPase activity of Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma cells]. / Deistvie UVCh- i ioniziruiushchego izluchenii na aktivnost' Na-K-ATFazy kletok astsitnoi kartsinomy Erlikha.

The levels of Na-K-ATPase were measured in a microsome fraction of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells immediately, 10 and 30 min after exposure to microwave (series 1), 7 Gy of gamma-radiation (series 2) and different sequences of complex application of the agents (UHF + gamma-radiation) (series 3), (gamma-radiation + microwave) (series 4). Immediately after exposure, enzyme activity showed a significant decrease in series 1 and 4 (ser. 1-64 and ser. 4-58% as compared with control, alpha less than 0.05). A similar tendency was observed in series 2 and 3 (ser. 2-76 and ser. 3-84% as compared with control, alpha less than 0.05). With further exposure, it remained practically unchanged in ser. 1 and 4; in ser. 2 and 3 it continued to decrease within 10 min (ser. 2-42 and ser. 3-61% as compared with control, alpha less than 0.05); then it increased somewhat (ser. 2-49 and ser. 3-69%, alpha less than 0.05). The most pronounced inactivation was observed after exposure to gamma rays. Application of the latter in conjunction with microwave-field heating was followed by a protective effect.

[The use of ocular drug films of propolis in the sequelae of ophthalmic herpes]. / Primenenie glaznykh lekarstvennykh plenok propolisa pri posledstviiakh oftal'mogerpesa.

There was studied the therapeutic efficiency of ocular medical propolis films (OMF) in 35 patients with postherpetic trophic keratitis and in 20 with postherpetic nebula. OMF were applied behind the lower eyelid at bedtime during 10-15 days. All the patients endured the propolis films well. OMF accelerated the cornea epithelization. Epitheliopathy and micropoint edema of cornea epithelium rapidly disappeared. Time of patients recovery reduced nearly twice (P,001) in comparison with the control group--from 14.1 to 7.6 days. On the average their visual acuity increased in two times--from 0.12 to 0.27 (P > 0.001).

[The isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains and the determination of the scope of immune stratification among the population and the domestic animals on the northern Russian plain]. / Izoliatsiia shtammov virusa kleshchevogo éntsefalita i opredelenie velichiny immunnoi prosloiki sredi naseleniia i domashnykh zhivotnykh na severe Russkoi ravniny.

Between 1986 and 1987 the authors conducted virological survey of 689 Ixodes persulcatus and 420 mouse-like and insectivorous rodents at the territory of Arkhangelsk Province and the Republic of Komi. A total of 8 strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus were isolated. Out of them 3 strains were isolated from small mammalians (2 from Clethrionomys glareolus, 1 from Microtus oeconomus) at the southeastern areas of Arkhangelsk Province within the middle taiga subarea, 5 strains were isolated from I. persulcatus (the rate of infection was 1.25 per cent) gathered in the southeastern Komi within the southern margins of the middle taiga subarea. PHAT investigation of the sera (2064 human, 656 cow and 171 dear specimens) evidenced almost the absence of immunity among the studied populations of the tundra and forest tundra zones. Certain positive samples observed in the northern taiga region could be explained by the infection gained in areas situated more to the south. Among the middle taiga human populations the immunity reached 4.9 per cent.

[Epithelial structural changes in the urinary tubules of the kidney of the white rat in the early period of corrosive sublimate nephrosis]. / Strukturnye izmeneniia épiteliia mochevykh kanal'tsev pochki beloi krysy v rannii period sulemovogo nefroza.

Examination of serial semithin (0.5 micron) methacrylate and paraffin (8 micron) sections of the rat kidney 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after subcutaneous injection of sublimate in a dose of 0.6 mg/100 g bw has demonstrated that the damage to the different parts of the tubular component of nephron is heterogeneous in nature. Both complete and partial necrosis of nephrocyte cytoplasm can be seen in the proximal part of nephron. The distal parts of nephron and collective tubules are characterized by partial necrosis of the apical areas of the cytoplasm. During the period between 12 and 24 hours after sublimate injection, one can observe the onset of destructive processes together with intracellular recovery processes in partially damaged but still viable nephrocytes, which is confirmed by the enlargement of the nucleolar size. The regeneration of the tubular epithelium at the expense of cellular renewal was unmarked 24 hours after sublimate injection.

[Characteristics of destructive-regenerative processes in the kidneys of albino rats in conditions of necronephrosis caused by corrosive sublimate]. / Osobennosti destruktivno-vosstanovitel'nykh protsessov v pochkakh belykh krys v usloviiakh sulemovogo nekronefroza.

Study of serial semi-thin (0.5 micron) metacrylate and paraffinic (8 microns) of rat kidney sections 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after subcutaneous injection of mercury bichloride at a dose of 0.6 mg/100 g bw has revealed that injury to different parts of the canalicular nephron is of heterogeneous character. The proximal part of the nephron demonstrates both complete and partial necrosis of nephrocyte cytoplasm. The distal parts of the nephron and collecting tubules are characterized by partial necrosis of the apical cytoplasm. Within the period between 12 and 24 h after the mercury bichloride injection, intracellular reparative processes are observed, in addition to destruction, in partially damaged but viable nephrocytes, which is confirmed by the enlargement of the nucleolic size. Regeneration of the tubular epithelium due to cellular restoration was unmarked 24 h after the mercury bichloride injection.