RESUMEN
Neural wearables can enable life-saving drowsiness and health monitoring for pilots and drivers. While existing in-cabin sensors may provide alerts, wearables can enable monitoring across more environments. Current neural wearables are promising but most require wet-electrodes and bulky electronics. This work showcases in-ear, dry-electrode earpieces used to monitor drowsiness with compact hardware. The employed system integrates additive-manufacturing for dry, user-generic earpieces, existing wireless electronics, and offline classification algorithms. Thirty-five hours of electrophysiological data were recorded across nine subjects performing drowsiness-inducing tasks. Three classifier models were trained with user-specific, leave-one-trial-out, and leave-one-user-out splits. The support-vector-machine classifier achieved an accuracy of 93.2% while evaluating users it has seen before and 93.3% when evaluating a never-before-seen user. These results demonstrate wireless, dry, user-generic earpieces used to classify drowsiness with comparable accuracies to existing state-of-the-art, wet electrode in-ear and scalp systems. Further, this work illustrates the feasibility of population-trained classification in future electrophysiological applications.
Asunto(s)
Electroencefalografía , Dispositivos Electrónicos Vestibles , Tecnología Inalámbrica , Humanos , Electroencefalografía/instrumentación , Electroencefalografía/métodos , Tecnología Inalámbrica/instrumentación , Masculino , Adulto , Fases del Sueño/fisiología , Femenino , Oído/fisiología , Electrodos , Algoritmos , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , Adulto Joven , Monitoreo Fisiológico/instrumentación , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodosRESUMEN
Objetivo La sífilis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa, sistémica, de transmisión sexual causada por la espiroqueta Treponema pallidum. Las intervenciones que disminuyan la incidencia de la sífilis congénita contribuyen con dos de las metas de desarrollo del milenio (MDG). Existen métodos de diagnóstico y tratamiento para manejar la sífilis congénita, aunque, existen variaciones en seroprevalencia y el número de casos anuales mundialmente, la situación sigue siendo preocupante. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las disparidades por Departamentos en la incidencia de Sífilis congénita, en Colombia durante el período 2005 a 2011. Metodología Se tomaron los registros del sistema de vigilancia del Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), y de nacidos vivos (NV) y necesidades básicas insatisfechas del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE de los años 2005 a 2011. Resultados En Colombia la Incidencia global aumento de 2,15 casos por 1 000 NV en el año 2005, (1 550 casos), hasta 3,28 Casos por 1 000 NV 2011 (2 078 casos), alejándose cada vez más de la MDG (0,5 por 1 000 NV). Conclusiones El número creciente de casos de Sífilis Congénita indica que sigue siendo un problema prioritario de salud pública, que el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud no ha sido capaz de resolver, a pesar del aumento de cobertura y recursos que éste ha tenido en los últimos años, lo que exige una re-evaluación del impacto real que el Sistema ha tenido sobre los resultados en salud.
Objective Syphilis is a systemic, infecto-contagious, sexually-transmitted disease caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. Interventions reducing congenital syphilis incidence represent two of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Diagnostic and treatment methods are available for managing congenital syphilis; even so, variations occur in seroprevalence and the number of annual cases worldwide, so the situation continues to be worrying. This study was aimed at describing disparities per department regarding congenital syphilis incidence in Colombia from 2005 to 2011. Methodology Colombian Institute of Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud-INS) surveillance system records and Colombian Statistics Department (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística-DANE) records of live births (LB) and basic unsatisfied needs (BUN) from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed. Results Overall incidence in Colombia rose from 2.15 cases per 1,000 LB in 2005, (1,550 cases) to 3.28 cases per 1,000 LB in 2011 (2,078 cases), thereby moving further away from the MDG (0.5 per 1,000 LB). Conclusions The growing number of cases of congenital syphilis indicates that this continues being a priority problem for public health and that the Overall Healthcare-related Social Security System (OHSSS) has not been able to resolve it, in spite of increased coverage and the resources which this entity has received during the last few years. Such situation demands a re-evaluation of the OHSSS's real impact on public healthcare results.