Identification of the novel HLA-DRB1*03:01:32 in an Italian patient.

The novel HLA-DRB1*03:01:32 allele differs from HLA-DRB1*03:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in exon 4.

Food allergy trends at the crossing among socio-economics, history and geography.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The epidemiology of food allergy did inspire theories on the reasons for the recent surge of the disease. We offer here a reasoned review on the relationships between the trajectories of human development and the trend of the food allergy epidemics. RECENT FINDINGS: The exponential trend of the frequency of food allergy paralleled the explosive acceleration of the human development over the last few decades. Dietary factors have been indicated as responsible for these trends and targeted for potential preventive strategies. Other socio-economic factors have been related to this evolution: solar exposure, climate changes, structure of societies, reproductive choices and societal inequalities. SUMMARY: The epidemiologic associations of food allergy suggest different causal theories. Future prevention strategies may be predicated not only on dietary interventions, but on wider programmes aimed to restore a human ecology promoting food tolerance.