A case of planar-type GIST of the sigmoid colon showing diverticular structure with perforation.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) generally form well-defined mass lesions. However, some cases of the flatly distributed and muscularis propria-replacing GISTs have been reported so far. We experienced an additional case of planar-type GIST of the sigmoid colon accompanied by a diverticulum with perforation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Japanese male with sudden onset of abdominal pain was clinically diagnosed with gastrointestinal perforation, and an emergency abdominal operation was performed. A diverticulum with rupture was found in the sigmoid colon, but no apparent tumor was observed. Histological examination revealed bland spindle cells flatly proliferating and diffusely replacing the muscularis propria at the diverticular structure. The spindle cells were positive for KIT, DOG1, and CD34. Mutational analysis of the c-kit gene revealed that the lesion had a heterozygous deletion of 2 amino acids at codons 557 and 558 of exon 11. The mutation was not observed in the normal mucosa of the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION: We diagnosed this case as an unusual planar-type GIST. Some similar cases have been reported in the sigmoid colon and other sites. We discuss the mechanism of development of the planar-type GISTs associated with the diverticulum.

Mid-term results of stent-less coronary intervention using rotational atherectomy and drug-coated balloon for de-novo lesions in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Although drug-coated balloon (DCB)-based stent-less percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for de-novo lesions has attracted more attention, outcomes of the DCB procedure for hemodialysis (HD) patients are reported to be inferior to those for non-HD patients, similarly to drug-eluting stent (DES). Recent several reports have shown that rotational atherectomy (RA) followed by DCB treatment (RA/DCB) could be an option of revascularization strategy particularly for calcified de-novo lesions even in the new-generation DES era; however, efficacy of the RA/DCB procedure for HD patients remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive cases (53 lesions) undergoing RA/DCB for de-novo lesions were enrolled. According to the presence/absence of HD at baseline, the 47 cases were divided into the HD cases (N.=16) and the non-HD cases (N.=31), and the 53 lesions were divided into the HD lesions (N.=20) and the non-HD lesions (N.=33). RESULTS: The HD cases had a significantly lower prevalence of dyslipidemia and smoking than the non-HD cases. Final RA burr size, DCB diameter used, and angiographic success rate of PCI did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Preprocedural, post-procedural, and follow-up QCA parameters were also similar between the 2 groups. Twelve-month clinical outcomes were comparable between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Mid-term outcomes of stent-less PCI using RA/DCB for de-novo lesions in HD patients might be comparable to those in non-HD patients, suggesting efficacy of pretreatment of RA prior to DCB treatment in HD patients.

Clinically undetected plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder with non-mass-forming metastases in multiple organs: an autopsy case.

This case report outlines a clinically undetected urinary bladder plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (PUC) with multiple metastases detected at autopsy. An 89-year-old man presented with edema in the lower limbs. Pleural fluid cytology revealed discohesive carcinomatous cells, although imaging studies failed to identify the primary site of tumor. The patient died of respiratory failure. Autopsy disclosed a prostate tumor and diffusely thickened urinary bladder and rectum without distinct tumorous lesions. Histologically, the tumor consisted of acinar-type prostate adenocarcinoma with no signs of metastasis. Additionally, small, plasmacytoid tumor cells were observed in the urinary bladder/rectum as isolated or small clustering fashions. These metastasized to the lungs, intestine, generalized lymph nodes in a non-mass-forming manner. Combined with immunohistochemical studies, these tumor cells were diagnosed PUC derived from the urinary bladder. Both clinicians and pathologists should recognize PUC as an aggressive histological variant, which can represent a rapid systemic progression without mass-forming lesions.

Asynchronous electric field visualization using an integrated multichannel electro-optic probe.

The higher the frequency, the more complex the scattering, diffraction, multiple reflection, and interference that occur in practical applications such as radar-installed vehicles and transmitter-installed mobile modules, etc. Near-field measurement in "real situations" is important for not only investigating the origin of unpredictable field distortions but also maximizing the system performance by optimal placement of antennas, modules, etc. Here, as an alternative to the previous vector-network-analyzer-based measurement, we propose a new asynchronous approach that visualizes the amplitude and phase distributions of electric near-fields three-dimensionally without placing a reference probe at a fixed point or plugging a cable to the RF source to be measured. We demonstrate the visualization of a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal (24 GHz ± 40 MHz, modulation cycle: 2.5 ms), and show that the measured radiation patterns of a standard horn antenna agree well with the simulation results. We also demonstrate a proof-of-concept experiment that imitates a realistic situation of a bumper installed vehicle to show how the bumper alters the radiation patterns of the FMCW radar signal. The technique is based on photonics and enables measuring in the microwave to millimeter-wave range.

Aerobic Photooxidative Synthesis of ß-Alkoxy Monohydroperoxides Using an Organo Photoredox Catalyst Controlled by a Base.

Transition-metal-free synthesis of ß-alkoxy monohydroperoxides via aerobic photooxidation using an acridinium photocatalyst was developed. This method enables the synthesis of some novel hydroperoxides. The peroxide source is molecular oxygen, which is cost-effective and atomically efficient. Magnesium oxide plays an important role as a base in the catalytic system.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 facilitates pulmonary fibrosis through potentiating IL-13 pathway in macrophages.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with poor prognosis. The pathogenic role of the lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptor S1PR2 in lung fibrosis is unknown. We show here that genetic deletion of S1pr2 strikingly attenuated lung fibrosis induced by repeated injections of bleomycin in mice. We observed by using S1pr2LacZ/+ mice that S1PR2 was expressed in alveolar macrophages, vascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells in the lung and that S1PR2-expressing cells accumulated in the fibrotic legions. Bone marrow chimera experiments suggested that S1PR2 in bone marrow-derived cells contributes to the development of lung fibrosis. Depletion of macrophages greatly attenuated lung fibrosis. Bleomycin administration stimulated the mRNA expression of the profibrotic cytokines IL-13 and IL-4 and the M2 markers including arginase 1, Fizz1/Retnla, Ccl17 and Ccl24 in cells collected from broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and S1pr2 deletion markedly diminished the stimulated expression of these genes. BALF cells from bleomycin-administered wild-type mice showed a marked increase in phosphorylation of STAT6, a transcription factor which is activated downstream of IL-13, compared with saline-administered wild-type mice. Interestingly, in bleomycin-administered S1pr2-/- mice, STAT6 phosphorylation in BALF cells was substantially diminished compared with wild-type mice. Finally, pharmacological S1PR2 blockade in S1pr2+/+ mice alleviated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Thus, S1PR2 facilitates lung fibrosis through the mechanisms involving augmentation of IL-13 expression and its signaling in BALF cells, and represents a novel target for treating lung fibrosis.

Time Course Effect of R-Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Cellular Metabolomics in Cultured Hepatoma Cells.

Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is a powerful antioxidant. LA has two enantiomers, R(+)-LA (R-LA) and S(-)-LA (S-LA). Of these, R-LA is naturally occurring and an essential cofactor in energy metabolism. R-LA treatment has been reported to affect glucose metabolism in rat hepatoma cells. This study analyzed the time course of metabolite levels in LA-treated cultured H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells, including a specific evaluation of the effect of R-LA and the enantioselectivity of LA. Principal component analysis showed that this experiment was well designed to observe enantioselectivity. R-LA treatment was found to inhibit the glycolysis and Thr-Gly-Ser pathways, as well as lactic acid production, leading to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis in starved H4IIEC3 cells. This study may provide mechanistic insight into how R-LA induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells.