RESUMEN
Transcription factors activate or repress target gene expression or switch between activation and repression. In animals and yeast, Groucho/Tup1 corepressor proteins are recruited by diverse transcription factors to induce context-specific transcriptional repression. Two groups of Groucho/Tup1-like corepressors have been described in plants. LEUNIG and LEUNIG_HOMOLOG constitute one group and TOPLESS (TPL) and the four TPL-related (TPR) corepressors form the other. To discover the processes in which TPL and the TPR corepressors operate, high-throughput yeast two-hybrid approaches were used to identify interacting proteins. We found that TPL/TPR corepressors predominantly interact directly with specific transcription factors, many of which were previously implicated in transcriptional repression. The interacting transcription factors reveal that the TPL/TPR family has been coopted multiple times to modulate gene expression in diverse processes, including hormone signaling, stress responses, and the control of flowering time, for which we also show biological validation. The interaction data suggest novel mechanisms for the involvement of TPL/TPR corepressors in auxin and jasmonic acid signaling. A number of short repression domain (RD) sequences have previously been identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) transcription factors. All known RD sequences were enriched among the TPL/TPR interactors, and novel TPL-RD interactions were identified. We show that the presence of RD sequences is essential for TPL/TPR recruitment. These data provide a framework for TPL/TPR-dependent transcriptional repression. They allow for predictions about new repressive transcription factors, corepressor interactions, and repression mechanisms and identify a wide range of plant processes that utilize TPL/TPR-mediated gene repression.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Flores/fisiología , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Complejo Poro Nuclear/genética , Proteínas de Complejo Poro Nuclear/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
In eukaryotes, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) targets aberrant and selected non-aberrant mRNAs for destruction. A recent screen for mRNAs showing increased abundance in Arabidopsis NMD-deficient mutants revealed that most are associated with the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense pathway. mRNAs with conserved peptide upstream open reading frames (CpuORFs or CuORFs) are hugely overrepresented among the smaller class of NMD-regulated transcripts not associated with SA. Here we show that the common phenotypes observed in Arabidopsis NMD mutants are SA-dependent, whereas the upregulation of CpuORF-containing transcripts in NMD mutants is independent of SA. We speculate that CpuORFs could allow the conditional targeting of mRNAs for destruction using the NMD pathway.