Translating Comparative Effectiveness Research Into Practice: Effects of Interventions on Lifestyle, Medication Adherence, and Self-care for Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, and Obesity Among Black, Hispanic, and Asian Residents of Chicago and Houston, 2010 to 2013.

CONTEXT: In the United States, racial/ethnic minorities account for disproportionate disease and death from type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity; however, interventions with measured efficacy in comparative effectiveness research are often not adopted or used widely in those communities. OBJECTIVE: To assess implementation and effects of comparative effectiveness research-proven interventions translated for minority communities. DESIGN: Mixed-method assessment with pretest-posttest single-group evaluation design. SETTING: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health, research contractor, and advisory board; health centers, including a federally qualified community health center in Chicago, Illinois; and public housing facilities for seniors in Houston, Texas. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 97 black, Hispanic, and Asian participants with any combination of health care provider-diagnosed type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. INTERVENTIONS: Virtual training institutes where intervention staff learned cultural competency methods of adapting effective interventions. Health educators delivered the Health Empowerment Lifestyle Program (HELP) in Chicago; community pharmacists delivered the MyRx Medication Adherence Program in Houston. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participation rates, satisfaction with interventions during January to April 2013, and pre- to postintervention changes in knowledge, diet, and clinical outcomes were analyzed through July 2013. RESULTS: In Chicago, 38 patients experienced statistically significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c and systolic blood pressure, increased knowledge of hypertension management, and improved dietary behaviors. In Houston, 38 subsidized housing residents had statistically nonsignificant improvements in knowledge of self-management and adherence to medication for diabetes and hypertension but high levels of participation in pharmacist home visits and group education classes. CONCLUSION: Adaptation, adoption, and implementation of HELP and MyRx demonstrated important postintervention changes among racial/ethnic participants in Chicago and Houston. The communities faced similar implementation challenges across settings, targets of change, and cities. Available resources were insufficient to sustain benefits with measurable impact on racial/ethnic disparities beyond the study period. Results suggest the need for implementation studies of longer duration, greater power, and salience to policies and programs that can sustain longterm interventions on a community-wide scale.

Supporting health equity for First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.

The National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health (NCCIH) is unique among the National Collaborating Centres as the only centre focused on the health of a population. In this fifth article of the Canada Communicable Disease Report's series on the National Collaborating Centres and their contribution to Canada's public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we describe the work of the NCCIH. We begin with a brief overview of the NCCIH's mandate and priority areas, describing how it works, who it serves and how it has remained flexible and responsive to evolving Indigenous public health needs. Key knowledge translation and exchange activities undertaken by the NCCIH to address COVID-19 misinformation and to support the timely use of Indigenous-informed evidence and knowledge in public health decision-making during the pandemic are also discussed, with a focus on acting on lessons learned moving forward.

Knowledge translation approaches and practices in Indigenous health research: A systematic review.

Knowledge translation (KT) is a critical component of any applied health research. Indigenous Peoples' health research and KT largely continues to be taught, developed, designed, regulated, and conducted in ways that do not prioritize local Indigenous Peoples' ways of sharing knowledges. This review was governed and informed by Indigenous health scholars, Knowledge Guardians, and Elders. Our systematic review focused on answering, what are the promising and wise practices for KT in the Indigenous health research field? Fifty-one documents were included after screening published literature from any country and grey literature from what is now known as Canada. This included contacting 73 government agencies at the federal, territorial, and provincial levels that may have funded Indigenous health research. Only studies that: a) focused on Indigenous Peoples' health and wellness; b) documented knowledge sharing activities and rationale; c) evaluated the knowledge sharing processes or outcomes; and d) printed in English were included and appraised using the Well Living House quality appraisal tool. The analysis was completed using an iterative and narrative synthesis approach. Our systematic review protocol has been published elsewhere. We highlight and summarize the varied aims of Indigenous health research KT, types of KT methodologies and methods used, effectiveness of KT efforts, impacts of KT on Indigenous Peoples' health and wellness, as well as recommendations and lessons learned. Few authors reported using rigorous KT evaluation or disclosed their identity and relationship with the Indigenous communities involved in research (i.e. self-locate). The findings from this review accentuate, reiterate and reinforce that KT is inherent in Indigenous health research processes and content, as a form of knowing and doing. Indigenous health research must include inherent KT processes, if the research is by, for, and/or with Indigenous Peoples.

Nimble, efficient and evolving: the rapid response of the National Collaborating Centres to COVID-19 in Canada. / Agiles, efficients et en évolution : la réponse rapide des Centres de collaboration nationale à la COVID-19 au Canada.

Since December 2019, there has been a global explosion of research on COVID-19. In Canada, the six National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health form one of the central pillars supporting evidence-informed decision making by gathering, synthesizing and translating emerging findings. Funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and located across Canada, the six NCCs promote and support the use of scientific research and other knowledges to strengthen public health practice, programs and policies. This paper offers an overview of the NCCs as an example of public health knowledge mobilization in Canada and showcases the NCCs' contribution to the COVID-19 response while reflecting on the numerous challenges encountered.

The explosion of research on COVID-19 in Canada and around the world called for an improved capacity to support evidence-informed decision making (EIDM). Canada is fostering various mechanisms to achieve this goal; the National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health are central to supporting EIDM during the pandemic. The NCCs, a network of networks anchored on six unique knowledge hubs, are well connected to provincial, territorial, local and international partners. In response to COVID-19, the NCCs are making an important contribution to building knowledge, skills and capacity in the public health sector, and to supporting public health professionals in synthesizing and using evidence-informed knowledge in policy and practice.

L'explosion de la recherche menée sur la COVID-19 au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde a nécessité une augmentation de la capacité à soutenir la prise de décisions informées par les données probantes. Parmi les divers mécanismes préconisés par le Canada pour atteindre cet objectif, les Centres de collaboration nationale (CCN) en santé publique jouent un rôle essentiel pendant la pandémie pour soutenir la prise de décisions informées par les données probantes. Les CCN, qui constituent un réseau de réseaux s'appuyant sur six centres de connaissances, ont des liens étroits avec plusieurs partenaires provinciaux, territoriaux, locaux et internationaux. Pour lutter contre la COVID-19, les CCN renforcent de façon significative les connaissances, les compétences et les capacités en santé publique et soutiennent les professionnels en santé publique en synthétisant des connaissances fondées sur des données probantes pour leur intégration aux politiques et aux pratiques.

Equity reporting: a framework for putting knowledge mobilization and health equity at the core of population health status reporting. / Intégrer la notion d'équité : création d'un cadre d'action pour placer la mobilisation du savoir et l'équité en santé au coeur des rapports sur l'état de santé des populations.

The National Collaborating Centres for Public Health (NCCPH) collaborated on the development of an action framework for integrating equity into population health status reporting. This framework integrates the research literature with on-the-ground experience collected using a unique collaborative learning approach with public health practitioners from across Canada. This article introduces the Action Framework, describes the learning process, and then situates population health status reporting (PHSR) in the current work of the public health sector. This is followed by a discussion of the nature of evidence related to the social determinants of health as a key aspect of deciding what and how to report. Finally, the connection is made between data and implementation by exploring the concept of actionable information and detailing the Action Framework for equity-integrated population health status reporting. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of putting knowledge mobilization at the core of the PHSR process and makes suggestions for next steps. The purpose of the article is to encourage practitioners to use, discuss, and ultimately strengthen the framework.

RÉSUMÉ: Les centres de collaboration nationale en santé publique (CCNSP) ont collaboré à l'élaboration d'un cadre d'action visant à intégrer la notion d'équité dans les rapports sur l'état de santé des populations (RESP). Ce cadre d'action rassemble les comptes rendus de recherche et une expérience de terrain fondée sur une approche originale d'apprentissage collaboratif faisant appel aux praticiens en santé publique du Canada. Dans cet article, nous présentons le cadre d'action, nous décrivons le processus d'apprentissage et nous situons les RESP au sein des travaux en cours dans le secteur de la santé publique. Nous analysons ensuite la nature des données probantes sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé à titre de dimension clé pour déterminer sur quoi portent les rapports et comment ces données y sont intégrées. Enfin, nous établissons le lien entre les données et la mise en oeuvre en explorant le concept de renseignements exploitables et en détaillant le cadre d'action visant à intégrer la notion d'équité dans les RESP. Nous concluons sur l'importance de placer la mobilisation du savoir au coeur du processus d'élaboration des RESP et nous apportons des suggestions pour les prochaines étapes. Notre objectif est d'encourager les praticiens à utiliser le cadre d'action, à en discuter et, ultimement, à le renforcer.

Effective knowledge translation approaches and practices in Indigenous health research: a systematic review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Effective knowledge translation (KT) is critical to implementing program and policy changes that require shared understandings of knowledge systems, assumptions, and practices. Within mainstream research institutions and funding agencies, systemic and insidious inequities, privileges, and power relationships inhibit Indigenous peoples' control, input, and benefits over research. This systematic review will examine literature on KT initiatives in Indigenous health research to help identify wise and promising Indigenous KT practices and language in Canada and abroad. METHODS: Indexed databases including Aboriginal Health Abstract Database, Bibliography of Native North Americans, CINAHL, Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database, Dissertation Abstracts, First Nations Periodical Index, Medline, National Indigenous Studies Portal, ProQuest Conference Papers Index, PsycInfo, Social Services Abstracts, Social Work Abstracts, and Web of Science will be searched. A comprehensive list of non-indexed and grey literature sources will also be searched. For inclusion, documents must be published in English; linked to Indigenous health and wellbeing; focused on Indigenous people; document KT goals, activities, and rationale; and include an evaluation of their KT strategy. Identified quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods' studies that meet the inclusion criteria will then be appraised using a quality appraisal tool for research with Indigenous people. Studies that score 6 or higher on the quality appraisal tool will be included for analysis. DISCUSSION: This unique systematic review involves robust Indigenous community engagement strategies throughout the life of the project, starting with the development of the review protocol. The review is being guided by senior Indigenous researchers who will purposefully include literature sources characterized by Indigenous authorship, community engagement, and representation; screen and appraise sources that meet Indigenous health research principles; and discuss the project with the Indigenous Elders to further explore the hazards, wisdom, and processes of sharing knowledge in research contexts. The overall aim of this review is to provide the evidence and basis for recommendations on wise practices for KT terminology and research that improves Indigenous health and wellbeing and/or access to services, programs, or policies that will lead to improved health and wellbeing. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016049787 .