RESUMEN
A recent large genome-wide association study has identified EGFR (encoding the epidermal growth factor EGFR) as a new genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. SHIP2, encoded by INPPL1, is taking part in the signalling and interactome of several growth factor receptors, such as the EGFR. While INPPL1 has been identified as one of the most significant genes whose RNA expression correlates with cognitive decline, the potential alteration of SHIP2 expression and localization during the progression of AD remains largely unknown. Here we report that gene expression of both EGFR and INPPL1 was upregulated in AD brains. SHIP2 immunoreactivity was predominantly detected in plaque-associated astrocytes and dystrophic neurites and its increase was correlated with amyloid load in the brain of human AD and of 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. While mRNA of INPPL1 was increased in AD, SHIP2 protein undergoes a significant solubility change being depleted from the soluble fraction of AD brain homogenates and co-enriched with EGFR in the insoluble fraction. Using FRET-based flow cytometry biosensor assay for tau-tau interaction, overexpression of SHIP2 significantly increased the FRET signal while siRNA-mediated downexpression of SHIP2 significantly decreased FRET signal. Genetic association analyses suggest that some variants in INPPL1 locus are associated with the level of CSF pTau. Our data support the hypothesis that SHIP2 is an intermediate key player of EGFR and AD pathology linking amyloid and tau pathologies in human AD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Encéfalo , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Receptores ErbB , Fosfatidilinositol-3,4,5-Trifosfato 5-Fosfatasas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Ratones Transgénicos , Fosfatidilinositol-3,4,5-Trifosfato 5-Fosfatasas/genética , Fosfatidilinositol-3,4,5-Trifosfato 5-Fosfatasas/metabolismo , Solubilidad , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Proteínas tau/genéticaRESUMEN
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the elderly population by causing memory impairments, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Currently, no curative treatments exist, emphasizing the need to explore therapeutic options that modify the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as non-coding RNAs, demonstrate multifaceted targeting potential and are known to be dysregulated in AD pathology. This mini review focuses on two promising miRNAs, hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129, which consistently exhibit differential regulation in AD. By employing computational predictions and referencing published RNA sequencing dataset, we elucidate the intricate miRNA-mRNA target relationships associated with hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129. Our review consistently identifies the downregulation of hsa-miR-132 and hsa-miR-129 in AD brains as a non-coding RNA molecular signature across studies conducted over the past 15 years in AD research.