Use of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis (HFMEA) to quantify risks of the human milk feeding process.

The complexity of the expressed breast milk feeding process in the neonatal intensive care unit was not fully appreciated until we used a healthcare failure mode and effect analysis. This approach identified latent risks and provided semiquantitative estimates of the effectiveness of recommendations. Findings demonstrated nursing interruptions and multitasking requirements contributed to risk, emphasizing the need for focused and isolated expressed breast milk handling to improve patient safety and outcomes.

Reducing Alarm Burden in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Introduction: Excessive alarm burden contributes to alarm fatigue, causing staff to ignore or delay response to clinically significant alarms. The objective of this quality improvement project was to reduce yellow self-resolving SpO2 alarms from a mean of 14 alarms/patient-hour (APH) to 7 APH (a 50% reduction) within a 6-month period, without significantly decreasing the amount of time spent in target SpO2 range (90%-95%). Methods: A multidisciplinary team used Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control methodology to identify etiologies of alarm frequency and design improvement interventions to reduce alarm burden in a single-site Level IV NICU. Data-driven changes in alarm limit settings, alarm delay, and trial of a new pulse oximeter probe were used. Alarm data from the bedside monitor were analyzed following each improvement cycle. As a balancing measure, histograms monitored time spent in target SpO2 range. Results: SpO2 alarm data were collected for 4,320 patient-hours (180 patient-days) on 40 neonatal intensive care unit patients meeting inclusion criteria. Corresponding histograms were obtained for each patient day. Following 5 Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles, the mean number of yellow self-resolving SpO2 alarms decreased from 14 to 5 APH, a 64% decrease. There was no difference in time spent in target SpO2 range (50% versus 50%, P = 0.93). After achieving the project aim, 2 control phase measurements demonstrated sustained improvement (mean APH = 6). Conclusions: Yellow self-resolving SpO2 alarm frequency was reduced by 64% through the implementation of data-driven changes in alarm limit settings, alarm delays, and trial of a more sensitive oximeter probe without introducing harm to patients.