Central involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in antinociception induced by photobiomodulation in animal model of neuropathic pain.

This study aimed to investigate the central involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the nociceptive behavior of mice submitted to the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve and the subsequent application of photobiomodulation (PBM). Male mice (Swiss-albino) were submitted to CCI and subsequently received an infusion of WAY100635 (5-HT1A receptor antagonist) or intracerebroventricular saline (ICV), followed by infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), in continuous mode, with the power of 100 mW and a dose of 0 J/cm2 (control group) or 50 J/cm2. The thermal hyperalgesia was evaluated by hot plate test, while mechanical allodynia was evaluated by von Frey filaments. After CCI, animals showed a reduction in the nociceptive threshold (p<0.001) when compared to the sham group. In von Frey test, the CCI + saline + PBM 50 J/cm2 group showed an increase in nociceptive threshold (p<0.001) in all measurement moments in comparison with groups CCI + SALINE + PBM 0 J/cm2, CCI + WAY100635 + PBM 50 J/cm2, and CCI + WAY100635 + PBM 0 J/cm2. Similarly, in hot plate test, CCI + SALINE + PBM 50 J/cm2 group showed an increase in nociceptive threshold after application of PBM at 120 and 180 min. Because of the results found, it can be suggested the involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the central nervous system, since WAY100635 was able to reverse the antinociceptive effect provided by PBM in animals submitted to CCI.

Analysis of experimental tendinitis in rats treated with laser and platelet-rich plasma therapies by Raman spectroscopy and histometry.

The objective of this controlled experimental study was to analyze the changes in the Achilles tendons of rats with experimentally induced tendinitis after treatment with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and/or laser therapies by histometry to quantify fibroblasts and by Raman spectroscopy to determine the biochemical concentration of collagen types I and III. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were divided into six treatment groups: control (G1); PRP only (G2); irradiation with 660 nm laser (G3); irradiation with 830 nm laser (G4); PRP plus 660 nm laser irradiation (G5); and PRP plus 830 nm laser irradiation (G6). Injuries (partial tenotomy) were inflicted in the middle third of the Achilles tendon, with PRP added prior to suture in the appropriate experimental groups. A diode laser (model Laser Flash® III, DMC Equipamentos Ltda, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) that can be operated in two wavelengths 660 and 830 nm was used for irradiation treatments. The irradiation protocol was energy density of 70 J/cm², 20 s irradiation time, and 0.028 cm² spot area, per point in three points in the injured. The histometry was made in micrographical images of the H&E stained sections and evaluated by ImageJ (version 1.46r)®. Raman spectra were collected using a dispersive spectrometer at 830 nm excitation, 200 mW power, and 10 s integration time (P-1 Raman system, Lambda Solutions, Inc. MA, USA). The relative amount of type I collagen was significantly greater in the PRP plus 830 nm laser irradiation group (468 ± 188) than in the control (147 ± 137), 630 nm laser only (191 ± 117), and 830 nm laser only (196 ± 106) groups (p < 0.01), while the quantity of type III collagen was significantly greater in the PRP-only group compared to both irradiated groups without PRP (p < 0.05). Treatment with PRP combined with irradiation at 830 nm resulted in a larger number of fibroblasts and increased concentration of type I collagen, thus accelerating the healing of the injured tendon.

Effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on bone repair in rats: optical densitometry analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of bone repair in rats submitted to low-level laser therapy using optical densitometry. A total of 45 rats which underwent femoral osteotomy were randomly distributed into three groups: control (group I) and laser-treated groups using wavelengths in the red (λ, 660-690 nm) and in the infrared (λ, 790-830 nm) spectra (group II and group III, respectively). The animals (five per group) were killed after 7, 14, and 21 days and the femurs were removed for optical densitometry analysis. Optical density showed a significant increase in the degree of mineralization (gray level) in both groups treated with the laser after 7 days. After 14 days, only the group treated with laser therapy in the infrared spectrum showed higher bone density. No differences were observed between groups after 21 days. Such results suggest the positive effect of low-level laser therapy in bone repair is time- and wavelength-dependent. In addition, our results have confirmed that optical densitometry technique can measure bone mineralization status.

Low-level laser therapy combined with platelet-rich plasma on the healing calcaneal tendon: a histological study in a rat model.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) treatment alone (λ = 660 nm and λ = 830 nm) or associated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). We used 54 male rats divided into six groups, with nine animals each: group 1, partial tenotomy; group 2 (GII), PRP; group 3 (GIII): λ660 nm; group 4 (GIV), λ830 nm; group 5 (GV), PRP + λ660 nm; and group 6 (GVI), PRP + λ830 nm. The protocol used was power density 0.35 W/cm(2), energy 0.2 J, energy density 7.0 J/cm(2), time 20 s per irradiated point, and number of points 3. Animals in groups GII, GV, and GVI received treatment with PRP, consisting of a single dose of 0.2 mL directly into the surgical site, on top of the tenotomy. Animals were killed on the 13th day post-tenotomy and their tendons were surgically removed for a quantitative analysis using polarization microscopy. The percentages of collagen fibers of types I and III were expressed as mean ± SD. Higher values of collagen fibers type I were obtained for groups GV and GVI when compared with all other groups (p < 0.05), whereas groups GIII and GIV showed no significant difference between them (p > 0.05). For collagen type III, a significant difference was observed between GII and all other groups (p < 0.5), but no significant difference was found between GIII and GIV and between GV and GVI. Results showed that the deposition of collagen type I was higher when treatment with PRP and LLLT was combined, suggesting a faster regeneration of the tendon.

Laser therapy in bone repair in rats: analysis of bone optical density.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, by digital radiology, the bone regeneration process in rats submitted to femoral osteotomy and treated with low power laser therapy. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to transverse osteotomy of the right femur and divided randomly into three experimental groups (n = 15): animals not treated with laser therapy G (C), animals that received laser therapy with λ: 660nm G (660nm) and animals that received laser therapy with λ: 830nm G (830nm). Animals were sacrificed after 7, 14 and 21 days. The bone calluses were evaluated by digital X-ray at 65 kVp, 7mA and 0.032 s exposures. RESULTS: The values obtained were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. The significance level adopted was 5%. The groups G (C), G (660nm), and G (830nm) at the 7(th) day showed a significant bone development, with p <0.0116; the groups G (C), G (660nm), and G (830nm) at the 14(th) day showed values of p <0.0001; at the 21(st) day,a higher degree of bone repair were observed in group G (830nm), and G (660nm), with p <0.0169. CONCLUSION: Based on the radiographic findings, G (830nm) showed more complete bone regeneration, as shown in the gray shades of the images. Level of Evidence II, Individual Study With Experimental Design.

Influence of quick massage and pilates on the occupational health of workers of a private value securities network agency: a clinical, controlled, randomized and blind study

Introduction: This study aims to analyze the influence of quick massage and pilatespilates on bank employees. The project was sent to the Research Ethics Committee and obtained a favorable opinion (1,045,371 / 2015). Methods: It is a clinical, controlled, randomized, and blind study. The study had had initially involved 70 employeesparticipants, but only 50 were included. They were divided into 3 groups: quick massage group (n = 20), ppilates group (n = 20) and control group (n = 10). They were evaluated with experimental times of 3, 6 and 9 months and the protocol was applied 3 times per week. Results: The results of the present study were presented in standard deviation and mean of all groups, then a one-way analysis of the variance was performed, obtaining a value of P <0.0198, being considered significant. However, it is noted that when presenting the detailed data of each group (mean and standard deviation) it is observed that the group which received the quick massage had a small advantage.: (6 months) 4.03 ± 0.82, (12 months) 3.43 ± 1.15 and pilatespilates group (3 months) 6.21 ± 1.98016, (6 months) 4.26 ± 0.57873 (9 months) 4.14 ± 0.63. Conclusions: The quick massage techniques and the pilatespilates protocol have shown great potential in reducing anxiety, depression and fatigue. (AU)

Ataxia espinocerebelar do tipo 2: aspectos clínicos, qualidade de vida, depressão e ansiedade em cinco portadores de uma família / Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: clinical, quality life, depression and anxiety in five members of same family

A ataxia espinocerebelar do tipo 2 (SCA2) é uma das ataxias cerebelares autossômicas dominantes mais frequentes, resultando em significativo prejuízo funcional progressivo na vida dos portadores. Estudos relacionados à SCA2 no Brasil são escassos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever aspectos clínicos de cinco membros de uma mesma família portadores de SCA2 e correlacioná-los com qualidade de vida, depressão e ansiedade. Aspectos clínicos avaliados incluíram idade de início, tempo da doença e aplicação da Escala Cooperativa Internacional para Graduação de Ataxia (ICARS), além de avaliação de neuroimagem e tipos de tratamento. Para avaliação da ansiedade e depressão, foi utilizada a Escala de Beck, e para a qualidade de vida, a SF-36. Em relação ao estudo genético, foi avaliado o número de repetições do trinucleotídeo CAG. Análise estatística descritiva e inferencial foi realizada. As idades de início variaram de 14 a 30 anos e o tempo de doença variou de 8 a 27. A maior expansão de trinucleotídeo CAG foi 48, relacionada com a menor idade de início e pior ataxia. A caracterização clínica obtida por meio da ICARS foi variável e todos apresentaram diminuição da qualidade de vida, especialmente nos domínios: limitação por aspectos físicos, aspectos emocionais e capacidade funcional. A pontuação obtida pela Escala de Beck de depressão e ansiedade foi baixa em todos os indivíduos. Houve correlação, mas sem significância estatística, entre tempo de doença e capacidade funcional e entre tempo de doença e ICARS. Os indivíduos com SCA2 analisados neste estudo apresentaram achados clínicos variados e comprometimento das habilidades motoras e da qualidade de vida e não apresentaram depressão e ansiedade

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is one of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias frequently, resulting in significant progressive functional impairment in the lives of carriers. Studies related the SCA2 in Brazil are scarce. The objective of this study was to describe clinical features of five members of same family with SCA2 and correlate them with the quality of life, depression and anxiety. Clinical aspects evaluated included age at onset, duration of disease and application of the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), besides evaluation of neuroimaging and types of treatment. For assessment of anxiety and depression was used Beck Scale and for the quality of life was used SF-36. Regarding the genetic study was evaluated the number of repetitions of trinucleotide CAG. Analysis descriptive and inferential statistics was held. Early ages ranged from 14 to 30 years and duration of disease 8 to 27. The further expansion of trinucleotide CAG was 48 related to the lower age of onset and worse ataxia. Clinical characterization obtained by ICARS was variable and all showed a decrease in quality of life especially in the areas: limitations due to physical aspects, emotional aspects and functional capacity. The scores obtained by the Beck Scale for depression and anxiety were low in all individuals. There was correlation, but no statistical significance between disease duration and functional capacity and between disease duration and ICARS. Individuals with SCA2 analysed in this study had clinical variation, impairment of motor skills and quality of life and did not present depression and anxiety

Laser therapy in bone repair in rats: analysis of bone optical density

OBJECTIVE: To investigate, by digital radiology, the bone regeneration process in rats submitted to femoral osteotomy and treated with low power laser therapy. METHODS: Forty-five Wistar rats were subjected to transverse osteotomy of the right femur and divided randomly into three experimental groups (n = 15): animals not treated with laser therapy G (C), animals that received laser therapy with λ: 660nm G (660nm) and animals that received laser therapy with λ: 830nm G (830nm). Animals were sacrificed after 7, 14 and 21 days. The bone calluses were evaluated by digital X-ray at 65 kVp, 7mA and 0.032 s exposures. RESULTS: The values obtained were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey-Kramer test. The significance level adopted was 5%. The groups G (C), G (660nm), and G (830nm) at the 7th day showed a significant bone development, with p <0.0116; the groups G (C), G (660nm), and G (830nm) at the 14th day showed values of p <0.0001; at the 21st day,a higher degree of bone repair were observed in group G (830nm), and G (660nm), with p <0.0169. CONCLUSION: Based on the radiographic findings, G (830nm) showed more complete bone regeneration, as shown in the gray shades of the images. Level of Evidence II, Individual Study With Experimental Design. .

Brincar como instrumento terapêutico / Play as therapeutical instrument

Objetivo e Método: A experiência da hospitalização na infância é traumática, sendo assim, foi realizada uma investigação qualiquantitativana unidade de pediatria do Hospital da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da UNIFENAS. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram crianças de ambos os gêneros e 14 sujeitos, pai (n=5), mãe (n=5)e tia (n=4). Resultados: Catorze (100%) sujeitos apresentaram melhora no humor, 13 (93%), aumento da disposição; 12 (86%), redução daansiedade; 11 (78%), diminuição do choro; 10 (71%), aumento no apetite; 10 (71%), diminuição da irritação; três (21%) aderiram melhor ao tratamento. Conclusão: Sugere-se que as atividades lúdicas durante a hospitalizaçãopromovam a melhora do humor, favoreçam a distração, reduzam a ansiedade e o choro, aumentando o apetite e levando à melhora à adesão ao tratamento.

Objective and Methods: The experienceof hospitalization in childhood is traumatic, so an investigation was undertaken into the qualitative-quantitative Pediatrics Hospital Schoolof Medical Sciences UNIFENAS. The subjects were children of both genders and 14 subjects, father (n = 5), mother (n = 5) and aunt (n = 4). Results:Fourteen (100%) subjects reported improvement in mood, 13 (93%) increase in provision, 12 (86%)reduction of anxiety, 11 (78%) decrease in crying, 10 (71%) increased appetite; 10 (71%) decrease irritation;three (21%) adhered to treatment. Conclusion: It is suggested that leisure activities during hospitalization promote improved mood, promote distraction, reduce anxiety and crying, increased appetite and improves adherence to treatment.