ß Symmetry of Supergravity.

Continuous O(d,d) global symmetries emerge in Kaluza-Klein reductions of D-dimensional string supergravities to D-d dimensions. We show that the nongeometric elements of this group effectively act in the D-dimensional parent theory as a hidden bosonic symmetry that fixes its couplings: the ß symmetry. We give the explicit ß transformations to first order in α^{'} and verify the invariance of the action as well as the closure of the transformation rules.

Immunofluorescence Studies on the Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptors in Human Term Placenta.

Until September 2021, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) pandemic caused over 217 million infections and over 4.5 million deaths. In pregnant women, the risk factors for the need of intensive care treatment are generally the same as in the overall population. Of note, COVID-19-positive women deliver earlier than COVID-19-negative women, and the risk for severe neonatal and perinatal morbidity and mortality is significantly higher. The probability and pathways of vertical transmission of the virus from the pregnant woman to the fetus are highly controversial. Recent data have shown that 54 (13%) of 416 neonates born to COVID-19-positive women were infected. Here, we investigated term placentas collected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and studied the main COVID-19 receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine subtype 2 (TMPRSS2), as well as neuropilin 1 (NRP1). We performed real-time PCR and immunofluorescence on cryosections in combination with markers for syncytiotrophoblast, endothelial cells, macrophages and stromal cells. The PCR studies showed expression of both the truncated delta form of ACE2, which does not bind the COVID-19 spike protein, and the long form. The ACE2 antibody used does not distinguish between the two forms. We did not observe expression of the canonical SARS-CoV-2 entry machinery on syncytio- and cytotrophoblast. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in a subpopulation of stromal cells, which in part are CD68-positive macrophages. NRP1 is localized to endothelial cells. In sum, the term placenta is not an organ that directly favors vertical transmission of COVID-19; however, microtraumas and placentitis may weaken its barrier function.

Operación cesárea: Frecuencia e indicaciones en el Hospital Naylamp de EsSalud-Chiclayo durante el periodo enero ­ diciembre 2012 / Operation cesarean: Frecuency and indications in the Hospital of Essalud- Chiclayo Naylamp during the period january - december 2012

Introducción: La operación cesárea incorporada a la práctica médica obstétrica con el fin de solucionar aquellos problemas que pudieran significar muerte para la madre y/o el niño, se ha ido incrementando en las últimas décadas. Su frecuencia se ha acrecentado a tal punto que actualmente lo que apareció como una solución, ahora se vislumbra como un problema por la excesiva liberalización a la que ha sido conducida. Objetivo general: Conocer la frecuencia de la operación cesárea y las indicaciones más frecuentes para su ejecución. Además fue una investigación cuantitativa con enfoque descriptivo transversal y analítico en el Hospital Hospital Naylamp de EsSalud-Chiclayo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 154 casos de cesárea en dicho hospital. Se empleó una hoja de recolección de datos. Los resultados se analizaron en el programa estadístico SPSS versión 21 Resultados: La Frecuencia de la operación cesárea de 27,70%, entre las principales indicaciones: Cesárea segmentaria previa con 23,4%; presentación Podálica con 22,7%; Desproporción cefalo-pelvica 21,4%; Desprendimiento prematuro de placenta normo inserta (DPP) con 8,4%, Macrosomia Fetal Mayor de 4,500 gr 6,5% y cesáreada a término 90,0%. Conclusiones: la incidencia se encuentra en porcentaje superior al recomendado por la OMS, constituyendo las indicaciones absolutas en un 50,6% y las relativas en un 49,4%.

Introduction: Cesare an section built to obstetric medical practice in order to solve those problems that could mean death for the mother and / or child has been increasing in recent decades. Its frequency has increased to the point that now what appeared as a solution, it is now seen as a problem by excessive liberalization that has been conducted. The research had as general objective: Know what the frecuency of cesarean section and the most frequent indications for execution. He was also a quantitative research and analytical descriptive transversal approach Naylamp Hospital Hospital EsSalud-Chiclayo. The sample consisted of 154 cases of cesarean in that hospital. Will use Adata collection sheet. Results: The results were analyzed in SPSS version 21.00 found an frecuency of cesarean section 27.70%, the main indications: segmental prior cesarean with 23.4 %; Breech presentation with 22.7%; Cephalopelvic disproportion 21.4%;Premature separation of normally inserted placenta ( DPP) with 8.4% Fetal Macrosomia Mayor 4.500 gr 6.5% and 90.0 % cesáreada term. Conclution:For it is concluded that the incidence is in percentage higher than recommended WHO, constituting the absolute indications in 50.6 % and relative to 49.4 %.