[Smoking-attributable mortality in Tucumán, Argentina 2001-2010]. / Mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo en Tucumán, Argentina 2001-2010.

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. In Argentina, in 2000, 16% of deaths were attributable to tobacco in over 35 years. In Tucuman it exis data on prevalence of, snuff consumption but not on mortality related to smoking. Our objective was to estimate the number of deaths attributable to tobacco smoking, the percentage attributable fraction, the rate of age-adjusted mortality and disability-adjusted life years. A cross-sectional descriptive study of mortality associated with smoking in adults over 35 years in Tucuman was conducted between 2001 and 2010; 19 causes provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were grouped in cardiovascular diseases, malignancies and respiratory diseases. In the last decade, from a total of 77 220 deaths documented in Tucuman, 3131 [4.1% (CI 95%: 3.9-4.2)] were attributed to snuff, 77% in men with the highest attributable fraction percentage in the range of 35 to 64 years. Rate age-adjusted mortality ranged from 87.5 in 2001 to 52.1 in 2008. In the first half period cardiovascular diseases predominated, followed by malignancies. On average 3203 years of potential life lost were quantified; where cardiovascular diseases accounted for 55.3%. The percentage of deaths attributable to snuff in Tucuman was lower than that recorded for Argentina. Even though there is anti-tobacco legislation in Tucuman, it is necessary to strengthen it.

[Artificial Intelligence: accuracy for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the cervix]. / Inteligencia Artificial: precisión diagnóstica de lesiones preneoplásicas de cérvix uterino.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the diagnostic sensitivity of artificial intelligence (AI) assisted videocolposcopy with standard videocolposcopy performed by specialist colposcopists. METHODS: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study, 782 anonymized medical records from the Computerized System for Screening (SITAM) of women who underwent videocolposcopy with AI and colposcopy with common videocolposcopy performed by specialists, with their corresponding biopsies (gold standard) were analyzed. The relationship between the results of IA videocolposcopy and regular videocolposcopy and the results of biopsies was evaluated. The overall accuracy of each diagnostic procedure was calculated. The sensitivity and concordance of the results of AI videocolposcopy with the gold standard (biopsy) were determined. RESULTS: A total of 395 patient records of patients with IA videocolposcopy and 387 with regular videocolposcopy were analyzed. The accuracy of results was 80% (IC 95%: 75-83%) in IA videocolposcopy and 65% (IC 95%: 60-69%) in regular videocolposcopy (p<0.001). Videocolposcopy results with IA and common colposcopy were significantly correlated with biopsy results, rs=0.75 vs. rs=0.57 respectively (p<0.001). The sensitivity of videocolposcopy with AI was 96% (95% CI: 94-98%), and 93% (95% CI: 89-95%) for regular colposcopy. The overall agreement of colposcopic impressions classified by videocolposcopy with AI and disease was higher than that of colposcopic interpretation by colposcopists (90% vs. 83%, Kappa 0.59 vs. 0.47, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The high diagnostic accuracy of AI videocolposcopy allows obtaining highly sensitive studies that help in the early detection of precursor lesions of cervical neoplasia.

Introducción: Objetivo: comparar sensibilidad diagnóstica de videocolposcopia con inteligencia artificial (IA) auxiliar, con la videocolposcopia común realizada por colposcopistas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo, en 782 historias clínicas anonimizadas del Sistema Informático para el Tamizaje (SITAM), de mujeres a las cuales se les efectuaron videocolposcopia con IA y colposcopías con videocolposcopio común realizadas por especialistas, con sus biopsias (gold standard). Se evaluó la relación entre los resultados de videocolposcopia con IA y videocolposcopia común con resultados de las biopsias. Se calculó precisión global de cada procedimiento diagnóstico. Se determinó sensibilidad y concordancia de los resultados de la videocolposcopia con IA, con el gold standard. Resultados: Se analizaron 395 historias clínicas de pacientes con videocolposcopia con IA y 387 con videocolposcopia común. La precisión diagnóstica de resultados fue 80% (IC 95%: 75-83%) en videocolposcopias con IA y 65% (IC 95%: 60-69%) en videocolposcopia común (p<0.001). Los resultados de videocolposcopia con IA y colposcopia común se correlacionaron significativamente con los resultados de las biopsias, rs=0.75 vs. r s=0.57 respectivamente (p<0.001). La sensibilidad de videocolposcopia con IA fue 96% (IC 95%: 94-98%), y 93% (IC 95%: 89-95%) en colposcopías comunes. La concordancia general de las impresiones colposcópicas clasificadas por videocolposcopia con IA y enfermedad fue mayor que la de la interpretación colposcópica de los colposcopistas (90% frente a 83%, Kappa 0.59 frente a 0.47, p<0.001). Conclusión: La alta precisión diagnóstica de videocolposcopia con IA permite aumentar la sensibilidad del estudio y mejorar la detección precoz de lesiones precursoras de neoplasias cervicouterinas.

Evaluation of impact of one dose varicella vaccine on the incidence of chickenpox in Argentina.

INTRODUCTION: Varicella, also known as chickenpox is one of the most common immunizable diseases. In 1998, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended to incorporate this vaccine in the national immunization programs, which Argentina did in 2015. OBJECTIVES: To describe the behavior of the varicella time series for the 2005-2017 period, and to evaluate the impact of the vaccine in Argentina. METHODOLOGY: An ecological observational study was performed, using the varicella cases reported in the National Health Monitoring System, and the data of the National census as secondary data sources. A model based time series analysis of the notified varicella cases in Argentina was performed, using a Negative Binomial Mixed Model. For the verification of the vaccine impact, the 2005-2014 period was selected, and a prognosis for the following years was performed. Impact was evaluated by comparing the rates and confidence intervals between the predicted and observed values. RESULTS: Argentina reported 1,775,587 varicella cases for the 2005-2017 period. The series exhibited seasonality, and, a decreasing trend in the number of cases was observed in 2016 and 2017. A reduction of the incidence rate after the implementation of the vaccine was observed. The transmission risk decreased in the country after vaccine implementation. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first concrete evidence of the varicella incidence decline after the implementation of a single dose application program in Argentina.

Estimación de prevalencia de infección congénita por Citomegalovirus y seroprevalencia materna en Tucumán / Estimation of the prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and maternal seroprevalence in Tucumán

INTRODUCCIÓN: Citomegalovirus (CMV) es agente causal de infección congénita en todo el mundo con gran impacto socioeconómico, dado que produce pérdida de audición en la niñez y retraso del neurodesarrollo. No existen aún tratamientos con eficacia comprobada para todos los grupos de pacientes, ni se ha licenciado una vacuna segura y eficaz; tampoco se ha logrado consenso respecto al screening universal. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron estimar la prevalencia de infección congénita por CMV y seroprevalencia materna en Tucumán y comparar si existen diferencias en las variables estudiadas según un índice de carencias y tipo de institución (pública o privada). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal. Se reclutaron 201 binomios recién nacido (RN)/madre de 8 maternidades del subsector público y privado. Se obtuvieron muestras de suero de la madre y orina del RN y se completó una Ficha de Recolección de Datos. Se utilizó PCR en tiempo real para la detección de genoma viral en muestras de orina de los RN y se realizó detección de IgG anti-CMV en el suero de las madres. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo una prevalencia estimada de infección congénita por CMV de 0,5% y una seroprevalencia materna de 96,9%. Se encontraron diferencias según índice de carencias y tipo de institución. DISCUSIÓN: La frecuencia de infección congénita fue baja, comparada con la seroprevalencia materna. Algunas de las variables estudiadas evidencian mayor vulnerabilidad en el sector público

Mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo en Tucumán, Argentina 2001-2010 / Smoking-attributable mortality in Tucumán, Argentina 2001-2010

El tabaquismo es la principal causa evitable de muerte en el mundo. En la Argentina, en 2000, el 16% de las muertes fueron atribuibles al tabaco en mayores de 35 años. En Tucumán existen datos de prevalencia de consumo de tabaco pero no del efecto del tabaquismo sobre la mortalidad. El objetivo fue estimar el número de muertes atribuibles al tabaco, la fracción atribuible porcentual, la tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad y los años de vida potencialmente perdidos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de mortalidad asociada al tabaquismo en adultos mayores de 35 años en Tucumán, entre 2001 y 2010. Se seleccionaron 19 causas provistas por Centers for Disease Control and Prevention agrupadas en enfermedades cardiovasculares, neoplasias malignas y enfermedades respiratorias. En el último decenio se encontró que de 77 220 muertes en Tucumán, 3131 [4.1% (IC: 95%: 3.9-4.2)] fueron atribuibles al tabaco. El 77% fue en hombres, quienes también presentaron la mayor fracción atribuible porcentual en el rango de 35 a 64 años. La tasa de mortalidad ajustada por edad varió entre 87.5 en 2001 a 52.1 en 2008. En el primer quinquenio predominaron las enfermedades cardiovasculares, y en el segundo las neoplasias malignas. En promedio se cuantificaron 3203 años de vida potencialmente perdidos por año; de los cuales, las enfermedades cardiovasculares aportaron el 55.3%. El porcentaje de muertes atribuibles al tabaco en Tucumán resultó menor que el registrado para la Argentina. Si bien existe legislación anti tabáquica en Tucumán, resulta necesario fortificarla.

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the world. In Argentina, in 2000, 16% of deaths were attributable to tobacco in over 35 years. In Tucuman it exis data on prevalence of, snuff consumption but not on mortality related to smoking. Our objective was to estimate the number of deaths attributable to tobacco smoking, the percentage attributable fraction, the rate of age-adjusted mortality and disability-adjusted life years. A cross-sectional descriptive study of mortality associated with smoking in adults over 35 years in Tucuman was conducted between 2001 and 2010; 19 causes provided by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were grouped in cardiovascular diseases, malignancies and respiratory diseases. In the last decade, from a total of 77 220 deaths documented in Tucuman, 3131 [4.1% (CI 95%: 3.9-4.2)] were attributed to snuff, 77% in men with the highest attributable fraction percentage in the range of 35 to 64 years. Rate age-adjusted mortality ranged from 87.5 in 2001 to 52.1 in 2008. In the first half period cardiovascular diseases predominated, followed by malignancies. On average 3203 years of potential life lost were quantified; where cardiovascular diseases accounted for 55.3%. The percentage of deaths attributable to snuff in Tucuman was lower than that recorded for Argentina. Even though there is anti-tobacco legislation in Tucuman, it is necessary to strengthen it.