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1.
Acta Paediatr ; 108(9): 1695-1703, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30721540

RESUMEN

AIM: Our primary aim was to calculate the head computed tomography (CT) scan rate in children with a minor head injury (MHI) when the Dutch National guidelines were followed in clinical practice. The secondary aim was to determine the incidence of CT abnormalities and the guideline predictors associated with traumatic abnormalities. METHODS: We performed a multi-centre, prospective observational cross-sectional study in the emergency departments of six hospitals in The Netherlands between 1 April 2015 and 31 December 2016. RESULTS: Data on 1002 patients were studied and 69% of cases complied with the guidelines. The overall CT rate was 44% and the incidence of traumatic abnormal CT findings was 13%. CT scans were performed in 19% of children under two years of age, 48% of children between two and five years and 63% of children aged six years or more. Multivariate regression analysis for all age categories showed that CT abnormalities were predicted by a Glasgow Coma Scale of less than 15, suspicion of a basal skull fracture, vomiting and scalp haematomas or external lesions of the skull. CONCLUSION: Strict adherence to the Dutch national guidelines resulted in CT overuse. New guidelines are needed to safely reduce CT scan indications.


Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Adhesión a Directriz/estadística & datos numéricos , Uso Excesivo de los Servicios de Salud , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos
2.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 1622018 09 17.
Artículo en Holandés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30306760

RESUMEN

Reactive thrombocytosis (RT; thrombocyte count: > 450 x 109/l) is a condition in which an increase in platelet production, stimulated by cytokines in the bone marrow, is secondary to some condition or circumstance. Although RT does often occur in children, the risk of thromboembolic complications is negligible in this group if they have no other risk factors for thrombosis. In the absence of additional risk factors for thrombosis it seems as though RT in adults does not predispose them to thromboembolic complications either. Patients with RT caused by a non-myeloproliferative malignancy do have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications; antithrombotic prophylaxis might be effective in this group, but there is no scientific evidence for this. We advise a watch-and-wait approach in children and adults with RT who have no other risk factors for thromboembolism, even in patients with extreme thrombocytosis (thrombocyte count: > 1000 x 109/l). In patients who do have an increased risk of thromboembolic complications we advise tailoring prescription or non-prescription of antithrombotic prophylaxis to the individual patient.


Asunto(s)
Fibrinolíticos/uso terapéutico , Trombocitosis/complicaciones , Tromboembolia/etiología , Trombosis/etiología , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Trombocitosis/tratamiento farmacológico
3.
Inflamm Bowel Dis ; 24(11): 2468-2475, 2018 10 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29788410

RESUMEN

Background: The diagnostic work-up of pediatric irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) commonly includes invasive tests for discrimination from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As this carries a high burden on patients, an ongoing need exists for development of noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for IBS and FAP-NOS. Several studies have shown microbiota alterations in IBS/FAP, which are considered to be reflected by fecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The object of the study was to evaluate whether pediatric IBS/FAP-NOS could be discriminated from IBD and healthy controls by fecal VOC analysis. Methods: IBS/FAP-NOS was diagnosed according to the ROME IV criteria, and de novo IBD patients and healthy controls (HCs) aged 4 to 17 years were matched on age and sex. Fecal VOCs were analyzed by means of field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry. Results: Fecal VOCs of 15 IBS/FAP-NOS, 30 IBD (15 ulcerative colitis, 15 Crohn's disease) patients and 30 HCs were analyzed and compared. Differentiation between IBS/FAP-NOS and IBD was feasible with high accuracy (area under the curve [AUC], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1; P < 0.00001). IBS/FAP-NOS profiles could not be differentiated from HCs (AUC, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41-0.77; P = 0.167), whereas IBD profiles could with high accuracy (AUC, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-1; P < 0.00001). Conclusion: Pediatric IBS/FAP-NOS could be differentiated from IBD by fecal VOC analysis with high accuracy, but not from healthy controls. The latter finding limits the potential of fecal VOCs to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for IBS/FAP-NOS. However, VOC could possibly serve as additional noninvasive biomarker to differentiate IBS/FAP-NOS from IBD. 10.1093/ibd/izy151_video1izy151.video15786446046001.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/análisis , Heces/química , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/diagnóstico , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/diagnóstico , Odorantes/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Adolescente , Área Bajo la Curva , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/metabolismo , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/metabolismo , Masculino , Pronóstico
5.
Intensive Care Med ; 31(9): 1239-47, 2005 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16010574

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the levels of human neutrophil elastase and lymphocyte-derived granzymes A and B in relation to disease severity in children with meningococcal disease. DESIGN: Clinical observational cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS: All patients with meningococcal disease during the study period were included. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Blood sampling was done on the day of admission and on days 3 and 7. Assays for elastase and granzymes were done with ELISA. Sixty-one patients were included: 19 having distinct meningitis; 17 meningitis and shock; and 25 fulminant septicaemia. On admission levels of elastase were increased in all patients, being highest in those with fulminant septicaemia and lowest in those with distinct meningitis. Granzyme A (although marginally) and granzyme B levels were only increased in patients with shock. In 20 of the 28 patients admitted for > or = 3 days elastase decreased from admission ("rapid-decrease" group). In the remaining 8 patients, elastase started to decrease after 2 days ("slow-decrease" group). Patients of the "slow-decrease" group had a higher temperature up to day 4, needed more respiratory support (mean airway pressure in cm H2O on days 3 and 4: p=0.02 and p<0.01, respectively), and more circulatory support (>2 inotropic agents on day 3; p=0.04) compared with the "rapid-decrease" group. CONCLUSIONS: Human neutrophil elastase and granzyme B are related with disease severity during the initial phase of meningococcal disease and prolonged neutrophil activation is associated with the extent of organ dysfunction during the period thereafter.


Asunto(s)
Elastasa de Leucocito/sangre , Infecciones Meningocócicas/enzimología , Serina Endopeptidasas/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Granzimas , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Masculino , Infecciones Meningocócicas/clasificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
6.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 21(5): 442-3, 2002 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12150187

RESUMEN

A 13-year-old male youth was hospitalized with Kawasaki disease. In the course of the disease he developed a facial nerve palsy and an aneurysm of the right coronary artery. After treatment with immunoglobulins both complications disappeared within 10 days and 1 month, respectively.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Nervio Facial/etiología , Parálisis Facial/etiología , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Adolescente , Aneurisma/etiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/etiología , Enfermedades del Nervio Facial/tratamiento farmacológico , Parálisis Facial/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento
7.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 22(8): 721-6, 2003 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12913774

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is in part an immune-mediated disease. For that reason corticosteroids might be effective, especially in patients with severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection. Our aim was to assess the effect of dexamethasone on tracheal viral load and airway inflammation in patients with RSV infection. METHODS: Mechanically ventilated children with proven RSV infection were randomized to receive dexamethasone (0.6 mg/kg/day in four doses for 48 h) or placebo. Daily tracheal aspirates were analyzed for viral load (by quantitative polymerase chain reaction), interleukin (IL)-8 and white blood cell count. RESULTS: The RSV RNA concentrations decreased in a similar manner from baseline in the dexamethasone (9 patients) and in the placebo group (13 patients). IL-8 decreased from baseline in the dexamethasone group but increased in the placebo group during the first 48 h [change from baseline at 24 h, -2.3 vs. 0.9 ln ng/ml (95% confidence interval for difference, -4.2 to 0.3, P = 0.02) and at 48 h, -4.2 vs. 0.4 ln mg/ml (95% confidence interval for difference, -5.3 to -0.3; P = 0.03), respectively], without effect on the tracheal white blood cell count. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone does not cause an impaired decline of tracheal RSV but lowers IL-8 of children mechanically ventilated for RSV lower respiratory tract infection, potentially leading to less inflammation and reduced phagocyte activation.


Asunto(s)
Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Interleucina-8/análisis , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/efectos de los fármacos , Tráquea/virología , Carga Viral , Secuencia de Bases , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Probabilidad , ARN Viral/análisis , Respiración Artificial , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Tráquea/química , Resultado del Tratamiento
8.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd ; 155: A2698, 2011.
Artículo en Holandés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21418701

RESUMEN

AIM: To describe the patient characteristics, management and cardiovascular sequelae of Kawasaki disease (KD) in patients taking part in a multidisciplinary follow-up in the Emma Children's Hospital during the period January 1999-June 2010. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. METHODS: We included 392 patients who were diagnosed with complete or incomplete KD. Clinical and outpatient statuses were used to collect clinical data. RESULTS: The median age at onset of the disease was 3.2 years (range: 0.1-16.4). The male-to-female ratio was 1.6 : 1. Complete KD was diagnosed in 83.9% of patients. Patients with incomplete KD were younger than those with complete KD: 2.2 versus 3.4 years (both SD: 3.0; p < 0.01). 357 patients (91.1%) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins; 65 patients (16.6%) received a second intravenous dose. Coronary artery aneurysms were diagnosed in 83 patients (21.2%). Male gender, age < 1 year, incomplete presentation and late start of treatment (> 10 days after start of fever) were shown to be independent risk factors for developing aneurysms. These abnormalities normalized in 50 of the 83 patients. 2 patients died of the disease within a year. 5 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Kawasaki disease is a rare form of vasculitis seen in children, in which aneurysms of the coronary artery can develop. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of KD in cases of persistent inexplicable fever, especially in young children, even in the absence of complete clinical disease. A timely start to treatment reduces the risk of developing coronary artery aneurysms.


Asunto(s)
Aneurisma Coronario/etiología , Puente de Arteria Coronaria , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Edad de Inicio , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Aneurisma Coronario/prevención & control , Aneurisma Coronario/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/mortalidad , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/cirugía , Países Bajos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores Sexuales
9.
Arthritis Rheum ; 54(1): 369-76, 2006 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16385529

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms in the gene coding for mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and the occurrence of coronary artery lesions (CALs) among different age groups of patients with Kawasaki disease. METHODS: The frequencies of the genotypes, defined as mutations in codons 52, 54, and 57, and the functional promoter variants of the MBL2 gene were determined in 88 patients with acute Kawasaki disease (median age at onset 1.9 years). The possible influence of the MBL2 genotype on the development and progression of CALs in Kawasaki disease was assessed according to age categories and MBL genotypes in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In patients younger than age 1 year, we found an increased risk of developing CALs in the presence of a variant MBL2 genotype (P = 0.008). In contrast, in patients older than age 1 year, we found an increased risk of CALs in those patients with the wild-type genotype (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that MBL has an ambiguous role in Kawasaki disease and contributes differently to the pathophysiologic development of CALs, being protective in infants but potentially harmful in patients of older age. The data also imply that the standard treatment of intravenous immunoglobulins to reduce the development of lesions may not be as effective in the very young as it is in the older patients. For the very young, alternative or adjuvant treatment may be indicated, particularly in infants who are MBL-deficient.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/genética , Lectina de Unión a Manosa/genética , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Factores de Edad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
10.
J Infect Dis ; 191(2): 198-206, 2005 Jan 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15609229

RESUMEN

Five pediatric patients with no history of immunodeficiency had a life-threatening course of varicella. Strikingly, natural killer (NK) cells were absent from the circulation in all children, and, despite active viral infection, up to 98% of the CD8(+) cells were naive. Primary immunodeficiencies were excluded--NK cells and primed CD8(+) cells reappeared in the circulation, granzymes were detectable in plasma early during infection, and no abnormalities could be detected in interleukin-15 receptor function. Our data indicate that varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has a unique capability to seclude primed CD8(+) cells and NK cells from the circulating lymphocyte pool. This may be the consequence of an overwhelming immune response to VZV that is influenced by factors such as infectious dose, age, and the presence of maternal antibodies during infancy. Because both homozygous twin sisters in the study had a severe course of varicella, particular genetic factors may contribute to severe varicella.


Asunto(s)
Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Varicela/inmunología , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidad , Inmunocompetencia/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino
11.
Lancet ; 361(9365): 1268-70, 2003 Apr 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12699957

RESUMEN

Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of possible infectious cause, which in particular affects the coronary arteries. Young children rely mostly on their innate immune system for protection against invading microorganisms, of which mannose-binding lectin is an important component. We aimed to investigate the possible role of the gene for this molecule (MBL) in white Dutch patients with Kawasaki disease. In 90 patients, frequency of mutations in the MBL gene was higher than in healthy children. In children younger than 1 year, those with mutations were at higher risk of development of coronary artery lesions than were those without (odds ratio 15.7, 95% CI 1.4-176.5, p=0.026). Our findings suggest that the innate immune system contributes differently to pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease at various ages.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/genética , Lectina de Unión a Manosa/genética , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Codón/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Lectina de Unión a Manosa/sangre , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/inmunología , Mutación , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Factores de Riesgo
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