Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with a Binuclear Bis-Terpyridine Pyrazole-Bridged Cobalt Complex.

A pyrazole-based ligand substituted with terpyridine groups at the 3 and 5 positions has been synthesized to form the dinuclear cobalt complex 1, that electrocatalytically reduces carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of Brønsted acids in DMF. Chemical, electrochemical and UV-vis spectro-electrochemical studies under inert atmosphere indicate pairwise reduction processes of complex 1. Infrared spectro-electrochemical studies under CO2 and CO atmosphere are consistent with a reduced CO-containing dicobalt complex which results from the electroreduction of CO2 . In the presence of trifluoroethanol (TFE), electrocatalytic studies revealed single-site mechanism with up to 94 % selectivity towards CO formation when 1.47 M TFE were present, at -1.35 V vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode in DMF (0.39 V overpotential). The low faradaic efficiencies obtained (<50 %) are attributed to the generation of CO-containing species formed during the electrocatalytic process, which inhibit the reduction of CO2 .

Heterolytic O-O Bond Cleavage Upon Single Electron Transfer to a Nonheme Fe(III)-OOH Complex.

The one-electron reduction of the nonheme iron(III)-hydroperoxo complex, [FeIII (OOH)(L5 2 )]2+ (L5 2 =N-methyl-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine), carried out at -70 °C results in the release of dioxygen and in the formation of [FeII (OH)(L5 2 )]+ following a bimolecular process. This reaction can be performed either with cobaltocene as chemical reductant, or electrochemically. These experimental observations are consistent with the disproportionation of the hydroperoxo group in the putative FeII (OOH) intermediate generated upon reduction of the FeIII (OOH) starting complex. One plausible mechanistic scenario is that this disproportionation reaction follows an O-O heterolytic cleavage pathway via a FeIV -oxo species.

Base-controlled mechanistic divergence between iron(iv)-oxo and iron(iii)-hydroperoxo in the H2O2 activation by a nonheme iron(ii) complex.

Activation of hydrogen peroxide by FeII salts (Fenton systems) leads to a myriad of oxidizing agents whose nature, FeIVO, or hydroxyl radicals and FeIII species, is dictated by the reaction conditions, in particular the pH value. Using the non heme FeII complex [FeII(L52)(CH3CN)]2+ (1) (where L52 is the pentadentate ligand N-methyl-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine) we have observed the simultaneous formation of two reaction intermediates, [FeIV(O)(L52)]2+ and [FeIII(OOH)(L52)]2+, in its reaction with excess hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sub-stoichiometric amounts of triethylamine. Kinetic and spectroscopic monitoring of the reaction mixture and of independently prepared [FeIV(O)(L52)]2+ in the presence of the different constituents of the reaction mixture allows drawing a mechanistic scheme. These two reactive species are formed simultaneously following two independent and competitive pathways. [FeIV(O)(L52)]2+ is obtained via heterolytic O-O cleavage of the oxidant assisted by the base in a peroxidase-like mechanism whereas [FeIII(OOH)(L52)]2+ is generated upon homolytic O-O cleavage of hydrogen peroxide. The relative contribution of these two pathways can be tuned by adjusting the amount of base used.