Developing new platform chemicals: what is required for a new bio-based molecule to become a platform chemical in the bioeconomy?

This paper proposes a framework with six dimensions that can be useful for evaluating the potential and the current stage of a bio-based platform chemical. The framework considers the technological and strategic challenges to be fulfilled by a company that intends to lead a platform based on a bio-based chemical. A platform chemical should be an intermediate molecule, with a structure able to generate a number of derivatives, that is produced at a competitive cost, capable of allowing exploitation of the scale and scope economies, and inserted within a complete innovation ecosystem that is able to create value with governance mechanisms that are capable of allowing coordination of the innovation process and facilitation of the value capture by the focal company leading the platform, in our case the producer of the platform molecule. Based on these six dimensions, three potential platform chemicals - succinic acid, butanol and farnesene - are compared and discussed. It is possible to identify important differences concerning the technological dimensions and the strategic dimensions as well. Two of the molecules - farnesene and succinic acid - adhere to most of the conditions required to structure a platform chemical. However, the innovation ecosystem is not complete and the governance mechanisms are still under development, so it is not clear if they will be capable of allowing a favorable position for value capture by the platform leader. Butanol structuring for a platform does not seem promising. The potential of the molecule is apparently not high and the strategic initiatives are in general not focused on innovation ecosystem structuring.

[Generic drugs in Brazil: impacts of public policies upon the national industry]. / Medicamentos genéricos no Brasil: impactos das políticas públicas sobre a indústria nacional.

This paper echoes recent works of Abrasco, Gadelha and Guimarães emphasizing the need for a better integration between health policies and industrial development and innovation policies as the only way to keep the economic benefits generated by health expenditures in the country instead of letting them escape through imports and threaten the continuity of the social policy by growing trade deficits. Although presenting the generic drug policy as a successful case in integrating social policies aimed at a better access to quality drugs for the population with economic policies aimed at industrial development, this paper discusses the impacts and limitations of the referred policy in a dialog with Abreu's analysis of industrial competitiveness in the Brazilian generics industry.

Medicamentos genéricos no Brasil: impactos das políticas públicas sobre a indústria nacional / Generic drugs in Brazil: impacts of public policies upon the national industry

O presente artigo faz eco a trabalhos recentes da AbrascoÕ, Gadelha² e Guimarães³, que enfatizam a necessidade de uma maior integração entre as políticas voltadas para o desenvolvimento do sistema de saúde e aquelas voltadas para a promoção do desenvolvimento industrial e da inovação, como forma de garantir para o país os benefícios econômicos gerados pelos gastos em saúde, assegurando a continuidade da política social, num círculo virtuoso. Embora apresente o caso dos medicamentos genéricos como uma experiência de sucesso na integração das políticas sociais voltadas para um maior acesso da população a medicamentos com qualidade garantida, com as políticas econômicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento industrial, discute os impactos e as limitações da política dialogando com a análise da competitividade da indústria de medicamentos genéricos brasileira realizada por Abreu4.

This paper echoes recent works of AbrascoÕ, Gadelha² and Guimarães³ emphasizing the need for a better integration between health policies and industrial development and innovation policies as the only way to keep the economic benefits generated by health expenditures in the country instead of letting them escape through imports and threaten the continuity of the social policy by growing trade deficits. Although presenting the generic drug policy as a successful case in integrating social policies aimed at a better access to quality drugs for the population with economic policies aimed at industrial development, this paper discusses the impacts and limitations of the referred policy in a dialog with Abreu's analysis of industrial competitiveness in the Brazilian generics industry.