Healthcare-associated infections in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: to investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2022 in four tertiary care hospitals of Ukraine. The diagnostic criteria were based on specific HAI site were adapted from the CDC/NHSN case definitions. RESULTS: Results: Of 1,084 postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm, 128 (11.4%) HAIs were observed. The most common of HAI type was possible ventilatorassociated pneumonia (38.2%) followed by central line-associated bloodstream infections (33.8%), catheter -associated urinary tract infection (18.5%), and surgical site infection (9.6%). Inpatient mortality from HAI was 5.1%. Emergency admission, mechanical ventilation, taking antiplatelet aggregation drugs, albumin reduction, hyperglycaemia, hyponatremia, surgical procedure, operation time > 4 h, mechanical ventilation, urinary catheter, and central venous catheterization were risk factors associated with HAI in patients with intracranial aneurysm surgery. A total of 26% cases of HAIs by MDROs were notified over the study period. Klebsiella spp. - essentially K. pneumoniae - were the most frequent, followed by Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Carbapenemase production in Enterobacterales constituted the most frequent mechanism of resistance, while ESBL-production in Enterobacterales and meticillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were detected in 65,7% 62,3% and 20% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The present study showed that HAIs is a common complication in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine and multidrugresistant organisms the major pathogen causing infection.

Healthcare-associated infections after neurosurgical procedures in Ukraine: a multicentre study (2020-2022).

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) after a neurosurgical procedure in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Prospective multicentre surveillance was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022 in 10 regional hospitals of Ukraine. Definitions of HAIs were adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network. RESULTS: Results: Of 8,623 neurosurgical patients, 1,579 (18.3%) HAIs were observed. The most frequently of HAI types were pneumonia (38.4%), surgical site infection (34.2%), urinary tract infection (18.1%) and bloodstream infection (9.3%). Death during hospitalization was reported in 11.3% of HAI cases. There was an association between HAIs after neurosurgical procedures and patients with diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis, and leukaemia. The strongest independent associations were observed for intubation, urinary catheters, and vascular catheters. Klebsiella pneumoniae were most commonly reported, accounting for 25.1% of all organisms, followed by Escherichia coli (17.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (8.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (6.8%), and Streptococcus spp. (5.5%). In total, 76.3% isolates from neurosurgical patients were MDROs. Antimicrobial resistance in Ukraine varies greatly by bacterial species, antimicrobial group, and region. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Healthcare-associated infections are a cause for mortality and morbidity among neurosurgical patients. This is due to increase emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Routinely collected surveillance data are of great value as a basis for studying the consequences of HAIs.

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE TRANSMISSION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN KYIV ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS, UKRAINE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To evaluate the potential of transmission of methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Ukrainian acute care hospitals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study. Definitions of HAI were used from the CDC/ NHSN. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the EUCAST. The cefoxitin-resistant isolates S.aureus were analyzed for the presence of the mecA gene and femA endogenous control gene using PCR. The virulence factor encoding genes (lukS-PV and lukF-PV) were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Results: Of 2,421 patients with HAIs caused S.aureus included in the study, 28.7% patients had MRSA. Prevalence of nasal carriage rate of MRSA among healthcare workers (HCWs) was 33.3%. MRSA contamination of hands and uniforms/gowns of HCW were 32.2% and 29.7%, respectively. MRSA contamination in the inanimate environment surfaces in near- and extended patients areas were 26.9%. The predominant MRSA contamination in hospital environment surfaces were: room inner door knob (32.8%), bed rails (28.9%), room light switch (28.9%), chair (27.9%), bedside table handle (20.6%), bedside table (20.5%), and tray table (13.7%). The PVL gene was present in 38.7% of MRSA strains, isolated from patients with HAIs and in 55.7% of MRSA, isolated from environment surfaces in patient area. In addition, the PVL genes were detected in over 56.3% of MRSA isolated from HCWs carrier. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The majority of MRSA is acquired during hospitalization. Environmental surfaces may serve as potential reservoirs for nosocomial MRSA and facilitate transmissions via contact.

EVALUATION OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN THE INANIMATE ENVIRONMENT SURFACES IN ACUTE CARE HOSPITALS IN KYIV, UKRAINE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To evaluate the quality of cleaning and disinfection of surfaces scheduled for daily cleaning and degree of bacterial contamination of hospital rooms and the patients' inanimate environment in Kyiv acute care hospitals, Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter prospectively study of the quality of cleaning and disinfection of surfaces scheduled for daily cleaning in 9 acute care hospitals by use of an ultraviolet fluorescence targeting method and microbial methods. RESULTS: Results: A total 9,104 environmental samples from were collected and tested. The cleaning and disinfection of surfaces were not being performed properly in most cases. Complete removal of the mark was 49.1%, partial removal was 37,5%, and mark was still visible, i.e. this area had not been processed was 13,4% when the ultraviolet fluorescence targeting method procedures were used, respectively. The predominant bacterial agents in hospital environment surfaces were: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp., and Enterococcus spp. The overall proportion of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Enterobacteriaceae was 31.5% and of methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 14.9%. Vancomycin resistance was observed in 5.2% of isolated enterococci (VRE). Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was observed in 12.7% E.coli isolates and was in 11.2% K. pneumoniae isolates. Carbapenem resistance was identified in 24.7% of P.aeruginosa isolates and 59.3% of Acinetibacter spp. isolates. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In a hospital rooms, patient environmental surfaces can be a vehicle for the transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial agents that cause healthcare-associated infections.

Aidyn G. Salmanov, Dmytro V. Shchehlov, Oleh Svyrydiuk, Ihor M. Bortnik, Maryna Mamonova, Maxim S. Gudym, Oleksandr A. Pastushyn SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AFTER NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES IN UKRAINE: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY (2018-2020).

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To obtain the first estimates the incidence of surgical site infection in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures and antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens, and determine their impact on inpatient mortality in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter prospective study was patient-based data of SSIs were according to CDC/NHSN methodology. This study included patients undergoing a neurosurgical procedure in 11 tertiary care hospitals from different regions of Ukraine from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2020. RESULTS: Results: A total of 1697 neurosurgical procedures associated with a 90-day SSI were identified (19.4% of 8741 procedures). Of these, 69.5% SSI were identified after craniotomy and 30.5% after ventricular shunt. The Meningitis or ventriculitis (20.9%) were found to be the most common underlying condition among these patients followed by Intracranial infection (18.7%), and Osteomyelitis (14.6%) congenital malformation. Over a 90-day surveillance period, 387 died (4.4%). Fifty seven percent of deaths in SSI patients were attributable to infection. Meningitis or ventriculitis and Intracranial infection were associated with a higher mortality. Craniotomy was associated with a higher mortality more frequently than did Ventricular shunt. Escherichia coli were most commonly reported, accounting for 26.3% of all organisms, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Meticillin resistance was found in 33.7% of S. aureus isolates, and vancomycin resistance was found in 12.7% of enterococci. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The incidence of SSI and mortality after neurosurgical procedures in Ukraine is high. This is due to increase emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and risk factors in neurosurgery patients.

HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION IN NEUROSURGICAL PATIENTS IN UKRAINE: RESULTS OF A MULTICENTER STUDY (2017-2019).

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To obtain the estimates of the current prevalence of healthcare-associated infection among neurosurgical patients and determine the antimicrobial resistance of responsible pathogens in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective multicenter cohort study was based on surveillance data of HAIs among neurosurgical patients from 2017 to 2019 in 7 regional hospitals. Definitions of HAI were used from the CDC/ NHSN. RESULTS: Results: Of 9,711 neurosurgical patients, 1,031 (20.9%) HAIs were observed. The most frequently of HAI types were surgical site infection (53.2%), pneumonia (17.3%), urinary tract infection (15.1%) and bloodstream infection (14.4%). The overall prevalence of HAIs was 20.9% within three months and was 12.8% during one month surveillance period. Death during hospitalization was reported in 11.3% of HAI cases. Escherichia coli were most commonly reported, accounting for 24.3% of all organisms, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.9%), Enterococcus spp (14.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.4%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.8%). Meticillin resistance was 34.6% of S.aureus isolates. Vancomycin resistance was in 7.1% of isolated enterococci. Among the gram-negative bacteria, third-generation cephalosporins resistance was found in 48.5% of K.pneumoniae and in 34.3% of E. coli isolates. Carbapenem resistance was reported in 11.7% of all included Enterobacteriaceae, also highest in K.pneumoniae, and in 32.4% of P.aeruginosa isolates and in 67.2% of Acinetobacter spp. isolates. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Healthcare-associated infections are a cause for mortality and morbidity among hospitalized neurosurgical patients. This is due to increase emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Routinely collected surveillance data are of great value as a basis for studying the consequences of HAIs.