Who Finds Pornography Stressful? A Latent Profile Analysis.

This study explores the connection between pornography use, sexual functioning, and mental health using latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles among pornography users and assess variations in mental health, including anxiety, depression, and emotion regulation. The aim of this study was to identify profiles among pornography users, specifically distinguishing those with sexual distress and sexual function problems, characterize these profiles, and assess variations in mental health. Data were collected from 463 participants through an anonymous online survey. Three distinct pornography user profiles were identified based on their consumption and sexual problems: high-frequency problematic pornography use (PPU, which is defined as uncontrollable patterns of pornography use resulting in adverse consequences and significant distress) with sexual problems, high-frequency non-PPU without/with low sexual problems, and no/low-frequency non-PPU without sexual problems. Differences among the profiles emerged in anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as emotion regulation capabilities. The high-frequency PPU with sexual problems group exhibited lower emotion regulation capabilities, while the no/low-frequency non-PPU without sexual problems group reported significantly lower depressive symptoms. This study emphasizes the multifaceted nature of pornography use, revealing that certain patterns may be more problematic. The findings highlight the interplay between emotional dysregulation, anxiety, depression, problematic pornography use, and sexual problems and distress. Recognizing these distinct profiles is crucial for understanding the relationship between pornography use and sexual and mental well-being, ultimately contributing to more targeted interventions and improved outcomes for all populations.

Associations Between Pornography Use Through Different Media and Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction Among Cohabiting Couples.

Pornography can be used through multiple media and its associations with couples' relationship and sexual satisfaction are mixed. The aims of this study were to examine the proportion of use of different pornographic media (i.e., videos, pictures, audio material, and written material), including different contents (i.e., sexual activities and nudity), gender-based differences in the frequency of use of these media, and the associations between an individual's frequency of use of different pornographic media and their own and their partner's sexual and relationship satisfaction, considering potential gender differences. A sample of 706 adult couples (1368 participants; Mage = 32.19 years) completed online self-report questionnaires. Results of actor-partner interdependence models indicated that video use was associated with lower relationship and sexual satisfaction, and partners' lower sexual satisfaction. Picture use was associated with lower relationship satisfaction and partners' lower sexual satisfaction. Written material use was associated with lower sexual satisfaction. Cisgender women's audio use was associated with their own higher sexual satisfaction, whereas cisgender men's audio use was associated with their partner's lower sexual satisfaction. These findings suggest different associations with sexual and relationship satisfaction depending on the pornographic media.

How Does Sexual Subjectivity Vary on the Basis of Gender and Sexual Orientation? Validation of the Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (SSSI-11) in Cisgender, Heterosexual and Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents.

Through sexual exploration, adolescents learn that they are sexual beings with choices, desires, and are deserving of pleasure, which corresponds to sexual subjectivity. However, the two measures of this construct (i.e., Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory and Male Sexual Subjectivity Inventory) have not been validated with younger adolescents and have different items for boys and girls (with no scale available for gender diverse individuals), limiting gender comparisons. This study examined (1) the factor structure of the adapted Short Sexual Subjectivity Inventory-11 items (SSSI-11) in a large sample of young cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents, (2) measurement invariance across language (English and French), gender, and sexual orientation, (3) validity with sexuality-related outcomes, and (4) one-year temporal stability. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis among 2001 adolescents (Mage = 15.5 years, SD = 0.60) revealed a multidimensional factor structure. The SSSI-11, in both English and French, showed adequate reliability and one-year temporal stability, and was invariant across genders, sexual orientations, and languages. Girls had lower scores on the entitlement to self-pleasure and self-efficacy in achieving pleasure factors, and higher scores on the entitlement to pleasure from a partner factor. No significant differences were observed on the basis of language or between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents. The SSSI-11 correlated positively with sexuality-related variables. Findings support the strong psychometric properties of the SSSI-11, rendering it of considerable use in clinical, education, and research applications.

Spanish Validation of the Long and Short Versions of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS and PPCS-6) in Adolescents.

Although 1-14% of adolescents may experience problematic pornography use (PPU), psychometrically sound instruments for assessing PPU in Spanish-speaking adolescents are scarce. Given the advantages of the different forms of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS), the aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the PPCS and PPCS-6, and to examine associations between PPU and age among boys and girls. Two school-based adolescent samples were recruited in Spain (n = 650; Mage = 16.0 [SD = 1.1]; 50% girls and 50% boys) and Mexico (n1, 160; Mage = 15.8 [SD = 1.1]; 68% girls) to assess the psychometric properties of the PPCS and PPCS-6. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied and convergent and discriminant validity with other measures related to PPU was also tested. The results provided empirical support for the six-factor structure of the PPCS and the one-factor structure of the PPCS-6. Boys with older age showed higher levels of tolerance than girls on the PPCS in both countries. Both the PPCS and the PPCS-6 may be considered valid psychometric instruments for the assessment of PPU in Spanish-speaking adolescents from Spain and Mexico.

Pornography use, demographic and sexual health characteristics among university students: a gender-based comparative study of non-users, non-problematic users, and problematic users.

BACKGROUND: Limited gender-based research has compared sexual health among pornography users (PUs) and non-users, including non-problematic pornography users (non-PPUs) and problematic pornography users (PPUs), particularly in non-Western cultures. METHODS: A 2022 cross-sectional study involving 450 Iranian university students categorized participants as PUs or non-users based on 12 months of use. PUs were further classified as non-PPUs or PPUs using the 'Problematic Pornography Use Scale' cutoff point, with comparisons of demographic and sexual variables made between these groups. RESULTS: Pornography use was reported among 39.6% of students, including 51.7% of men and 33.6% of women. In general, 9.5% of participants were PPUs, including 17.4% of men and 5.6% of women. PUs were mainly men, had fewer children, shorter marriages, lower religiosity, and lower levels of education. Compared with non-users, PUs reported earlier sexual relationships, lower satisfaction with sex frequency and communication, and greater rates of extramarital relationships, masturbation, sexual desire, and sexual distress. PPUs reported more sexual desire, pornography use, masturbation, and extramarital affairs than non-PPUs. Similar patterns in demographics, sexual history, and health were observed in pornography use across genders. The regression indicated being male (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.44-4.06), having lower education (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.97), fewer children (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48-0.86), higher masturbation (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.14-1.49), more extramarital relationship (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.07-2.67), less religiosity (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.93), more sexual excitement (OR: 0.79, 95% CI:0.62-1), and more sexual distress (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32) were associated with pornography use. Two-way ANOVA found no significant effects of gender or pornography use on sexual satisfaction. Women had worse sexual function regardless of usage. Pornography users, regardless of gender, experienced higher sexual distress.

Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Violence in Adulthood and Women's Sexuality: The Mediating Role of Shame and Guilt.

This study examined the mediating role of emotions related to sexual violence in adulthood in the associations between social reactions to sexual violence disclosure and sexual outcomes. Self-reported data were collected from 324 women reporting sexual violence and path analyses were conducted among the 264 women (81.5%) who disclosed their most recent sexual violence experience. Results showed that emotional support was associated with higher sexual satisfaction. Victim blame was associated with greater guilt related to the sexual violence, which, in turn, was associated with higher sexual compulsivity. Stigmatization was associated with greater shame related to the sexual violence, which, in turn, was associated with higher sexual distress and avoidance, and lower sexual satisfaction and function. Our findings highlight the importance of social reactions to sexual violence disclosure in women's sexuality.

Can I Love My Body Even if It Doesn't Look Like the Porn Stars'? Longitudinal Associations Between Pornography Use Frequency and Body Appreciation in a Diverse Sample of Adolescents.

Online technologies could play an important role in the sexual development of adolescents as they watch more pornography than before. Pornography may relate to adolescents' perceptions of their bodies, especially among those identifying as a sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) as they have an increased risk of body image concerns compared to their heterosexual, cisgender (HC) peers. The present study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations over 3 years between adolescents' pornography use frequency and body appreciation, considering potential gender and sexual orientation-based differences. Results from linear univariate and parallel processes latent growth curve models with a multi-group approach among 2904 adolescents (MageT1 = 14.5 years, SD = 0.61; 51.4% girls, 16.3% sexual minority) demonstrated that HC and SGM girls' body appreciation slightly decreased over time. Moreover, HC boys, HC girls and SGM girls' pornography use frequency slightly increased over time. Cross-sectionally, greater pornography use frequency was associated with lower levels of body appreciation in HC girls and SGM boys, with a small effect size. However, longitudinally, pornography use frequency and body appreciation were not related to each other in either group. Our findings support that pornography use, in the short term, is negatively associated with adolescents' body appreciation, although these associations might not hold in the long term. Adolescents may be more critical of body ideals represented in pornography as they learn to think with more discernment about the pornographic depictions of bodies and sexuality.

Sexual Motivations Underlying Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Women and Men From Germany and Hungary.

BACKGROUND: There are ongoing debates about conflicting models on how to conceptualize compulsive sexual behavior. At the heart of these discussions is the question about the sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior, as different models assume different motivations. AIM: The aim of the present study was to understand sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior and their relation to the most prominent conceptualizations of compulsive sexual behavior (eg, compulsive sexual behavior disorder [CSBD], sex addiction). METHODS: We used self-reported data from 2 large samples of Hungarian and German populations (N = 9814). The Sexual Motivation Scale (SexMS), a 24-item self-report measure based on self-determination theory, was used to assess a diverse set of sexual motivations. Compulsive sexual behavior was assessed with the 19-item Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder Scale (CSBD-19), that is based on the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines of CSBD. We used structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized associations between sexual motivations and compulsive sexual behavior and examined potential gender differences in these associations. OUTCOMES: Compulsive sexual behavior was assessed in relation to a set of sexual motivations. RESULTS: Amotivation had the strongest positive association with compulsive sexual behavior, but integrated, introjected, and intrinsic motivations were also positively related to it. Importantly, these associations did not differ for women and men, and between the 2 samples. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Future research and treatment should also consider sexual motivations that are not listed among the ICD-11 guidelines for CSBD, including high levels of sexual interest, continuing the behavior despite having little satisfaction from it and coping with sex. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: Although we used large samples of general populations in 2 Western countries, this motivational background of compulsive sexual behavior awaits replication in a clinical sample of individuals experiencing CSBD. CONCLUSION: The identified sexual motivations underlying compulsive sexual behavior are relevant for assessing and treating patients as motivations may be integrated into psychotherapeutic interventions. Koós M, Fuss J, Klein V, et al. Sexual Motivations Underlying Compulsive Sexual Behavior in Women and Men From Germany and Hungary. J Sex Med 2022;19:170-181.

A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Pornography Use Frequency, Motivations, and Problematic Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in pornography use has been reported based on cross-sectional findings, raising concerns about associated adverse outcomes, such as problematic pornography use (PPU). The aims of the present study were to document potential changes in adolescents' pornography use frequency, motivations, and PPU before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of an ongoing study on adolescents' sexual health, we used a large sample (NTime 1 = 1771; 47.6% girls, Mage = 15.42 years, SD = 0.59) to examine changes from baseline (before the COVID-19 pandemic) to one year later (during the COVID-19 pandemic) in adolescents' self-reported pornography use frequency, motivations, and PPU, using latent change models and examining potential gender differences. No significant changes were observed in adolescents' pornography use frequency and pornography use motivations, and no gender differences were present in these trends. Although statistically significant, slight decrease was observed in boys' PPU levels, and a statistically significant, slight increase was observed in girls' PPU levels, these changes were very small, providing no practical or clinical relevance. In sum, despite previous propositions, concerns, and cross-sectional findings, longitudinal results suggest that adolescents' pornography use characteristics were rather stable between November 2019 and June 2021, and the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdowns might not have led to general increases in adolescents' pornography use as it was expected.

Heterosexual, Cisgender and Gender and Sexually Diverse Adolescents' Sexting Behaviors: The Role of Body Appreciation.

Sexting has become part of the repertoire of adolescents' sexual behaviors, especially among those who identify as gender and sexually diverse. Whereas body dissatisfaction increases during adolescence and is associated with negative sexuality outcomes, little research has examined how body appreciation may contribute to adolescents' sexting. The present study examined associations between body appreciation and sexting behaviors, and whether these differed by gender and sexual orientation, using path analysis in a sample of 2904 adolescents (Mage = 14.53; SD = 0.61) comprised of five groups: heterosexual cisgender and gender and sexually diverse boys (heterosexual cisgender = 1193; gender and sexually diverse = 157), heterosexual cisgender and gender and sexually diverse girls (heterosexual cisgender = 1152; gender and sexually diverse = 320), and non-binary adolescents (n = 18). Lower levels of body appreciation were associated with higher sexting frequency in heterosexual cisgender girls and gender and sexually diverse boys. Adolescents preoccupied with their appearance may use sexting for body image-related validation.

Assessing patients' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy: The development of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology-patient version.

This study presents the development of a self-report measure of patients' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy. The measure is based on a well-researched model of attitudes towards using technology, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework (Venkatesh et al., 2003). We examined the psychometric properties of the UTAUT adapted for psychotherapy patients (UTAUT-P) in a sample of 107 psychotherapy patients who received telepsychotherapy via video conferencing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 14-item UTAUT-P version, with four factors-(1) Therapy Quality Expectancy, (2) Convenience, (3) Ease of Use, and (4) Pressure from Others-and was further corroborated by the results of the confirmatory factor analysis. Our results indicated the four-factor model's adequate fit to the data and demonstrated adequate construct validity and reliability of the UTAUT-P factors. All factors, except for Ease of Use, were significantly and positively associated with intention to use telepsychotherapy technology in the future. This study complements the research on therapists' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy, based on the therapist version of the UTAUT. The developed 14-item UTAUT-P might be a helpful, brief self-report tool in clinical practice, which might give the patient a voice around the potential use of telepsychotherapy technology in their care. This initial application of the UTAUT-P patients during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a building block for future research on patients' attitudes towards telepsychotherapy, outside the context of a forced transition.

Hypersexuality in Mixed-Sex Couples: A Dyadic Longitudinal Study.

Emotion dysregulation and intimacy problems are theoretically underpinned correlates of hypersexuality (i.e., uncontrollable sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors resulting in distress and impairment in different areas of functioning), but the directionality of these associations has not been established, as work in this area has relied on cross-sectional designs. Moreover, although hypersexuality may have significant adverse effects on romantic relationships and approximately half of treatment-seeking individuals are in a relationship, prior studies almost exclusively involved samples of men, regardless of their relationship status. The aim of the present study was to examine the directionality of associations between both partners' emotion dysregulation, physical (i.e., partnered sexual frequency) and relationship intimacy, and hypersexuality using a longitudinal, dyadic framework. Self-reported data of 267 mixed-sex couples (Mage_men = 29.9 years, SD = 8.2; Mage_women = 27.7 years, SD = 6.7) at baseline (T1) and six-month follow-up (T2) were analyzed using a crossed-lagged model within an actor-partner interdependence framework. Prior greater emotion dysregulation (T1) in both men and women was associated with their own later greater hypersexuality (T2). Women's prior greater hypersexuality (T1) was associated with their later lower relationship intimacy (T2). Lower levels of intimacy were not significantly associated with later hypersexuality. No partner effects were found in relation to hypersexuality. Findings suggest that men and women may use sexual behaviors to cope with negative emotions, which could, in turn, lead to hypersexuality. Intimacy problems did not precede hypersexuality, although women's hypersexuality may reduce their own relationship intimacy over time.

Bullying Victimization and Sexual Wellbeing in Sexually Active Heterosexual, Cisgender and Sexual/Gender Minority Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation.

Bullying victimization is prevalent in adolescence and associated with adverse consequences on physical and psychological wellbeing, paricularly in sexual and gender minority youth. However, little is known about its associations with sexual wellbeing and the underlying mechanisms that could explain this association. The present study assessed the associations between bullying victimization and sexual wellbeing (sexual satisfaction, sexual desire/arousal and orgasmic function difficulties, sexual distress) via the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties, considering potential sexual/gender minority status-based differences. Self-report online surveys were completed by 1036 sexually active (49.7% were girls) high school students (Mage = 14.6 years, SDage = 0.6). Bullying victimization was directly and negatively associated with sexual desire/arousal difficulties and positively with sexual distress. Higher emotion regulation difficulties mediated the associations between higher bullying victimization and higher orgasmic function difficulties, as well as higher bullying victimization and higher sexual distress. No significant association was observed between bullying victimization and sexual satisfaction. No significant differences were observed between heterosexual, cisgender and sexual and gender minority youth in any of the associations. The findings suggest that bullying victimization is associated with adolescents' sexual wellbeing. The cross-sectional design and small effect sizes support the need for further prospective cohort studies.

Symptoms of Problematic Pornography Use in a Sample of Treatment Considering and Treatment Non-Considering Men: A Network Approach.

BACKGROUND: Pornography use may become problematic for 1-6% of the people and may be associated with adverse consequences leading to treatment-seeking behavior. Although the identification of the central symptoms of problematic pornography use (PPU) may inform treatment strategies, no prior study has applied the network approach to examine the symptoms of PPU. AIM: To explore the network structure of PPU symptoms, identify the topological location of pornography use frequency in this network, and examine whether the structure of this network of symptoms differs between participants who considered and those who did not consider treatment. METHODS: A large-scale online sample of 4,253 men (Mage = 38.33 years, SD = 12.40) was used to explore the structure of PPU symptoms in 2 distinct groups: considered treatment group (n = 509) and not-considered treatment group (n = 3,684). OUTCOMES: Participants completed a self-report questionnaire about their past-year pornography use frequency and PPU measured by the short version of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale. RESULTS: The global structure of symptoms did not differ significantly between the considered treatment and the not-considered treatment groups. 2 clusters of symptoms were identified in both groups, with the first cluster including salience, mood modification, and pornography use frequency and the second cluster including conflict, withdrawal, relapse, and tolerance. In the networks of both groups, salience, tolerance, withdrawal, and conflict appeared as central symptoms, whereas pornography use frequency was the most peripheral symptom. However, mood modification had a more central place in the considered treatment group's network and a more peripheral position in the not-considered treatment group's network. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Based on the results of the centrality analysis in the considered treatment group, targeting salience, mood modification, and withdrawal symptoms first in the treatment may be an effective way of reducing PPU. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: The present study appears to be the first to analyze the symptoms of PPU using a network analytic approach. Self-reported measures of PPU and pornography use frequency might have introduced some biases. CONCLUSION: The network of PPU symptoms was similar in participants who did and those who did not consider treatment because of their pornography use, with the exception of the mood modification symptom. Targeting the central symptoms in the treatments of PPU seems to be more effective than focusing on reducing pornography use. Bothe B, Lonza A, Stulhofer A, et al. Symptoms of Problematic Pornography Use in a Sample of Treatment Considering and Treatment Non-Considering Men: A Network Approach. J Sex Med 2020;17:2016-2028.

High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic.

BACKGROUND: Previously, variable-centered analytic approaches showed positive, weak-to-moderate associations between frequency of pornography use (FPU) and problematic pornography use (PPU). However, person-centered studies are sparse in the literature, and these could provide insight into whether there are individuals who use pornography frequently and do not experience problems or whether there are individuals with comparable high-frequency use who differ on reported experiencing of negative consequences. AIM: The aims of the present study were (i) to identify profiles of pornography use based on FPU and PPU by applying a person-centered analytic approach and (ii) to examine whether the identified profiles could be distinguished based on theoretically relevant demographic and psychological constructs. METHODS: Latent profile analyses were conducted on 3 nonclinical samples recruited from general websites and a pornography site (study 1: N = 14,006; study 2: N = 483; study 3: N = 672). RESULTS: Results were consistent across all studies. 3 distinct pornography-use profiles emerged: nonproblematic low-frequency pornography use (68-73% of individuals), nonproblematic high-frequency pornography use (19-29% of individuals), and problematic high-frequency use (3-8% of individuals). Nonproblematic and problematic high-frequency-use groups showed differences in several constructs (ie, hypersexuality, depressive symptoms, boredom susceptibility, self-esteem, uncomfortable feelings regarding pornography, and basic psychological needs). CLINICAL TRANSLATION: FPU should not be considered as a sufficient or reliable indicator of PPU because the number of people with nonproblematic high-frequency use was 3-6 times higher than that with problematic high-frequency use. These results suggest that individuals with PPU use pornography frequently; however, FPU may not always be problematic. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: Self-report cross-sectional methods have possible biases that should be considered when interpreting findings (eg, underreporting or overreporting). However, the present research included 3 studies and involved large community samples and visitors of a pornography website. The present study is the first that empirically investigated pornography-use profiles with a wide range of correlates using both severity of PPU and FPU as profile indicators on specific and general samples. CONCLUSION: The present study is a first step in the differentiated examination of pornography-use profiles, taking into consideration both PPU and FPU, and it provides a foundation for further clinical and large-scale studies. Different psychological mechanisms may underlie the development and maintenance of FPU with or without PPU, suggesting different treatment approaches. Therefore, the present results may guide clinical work when considering reasons for seeking treatment for PPU. Bothe B, Tóth-Király I, Potenza MN, et al. High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic. J Sex Med 2020;17:793-811.

Gender-Related Differences in Associations Between Sexual Abuse and Hypersexuality.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with histories of sexual abuse may be more likely to experience sexual-related problems including hypersexuality, but gender-related differences remain unclear. AIM: This online study examined sexual abuse history and hypersexuality by gender among 16,823 Hungarian adults, adjusting for age, sexual orientation, relationship status, education, employment status, and residence. METHODS: An online questionnaire on one of the largest Hungarian news portals advertised this study examining sexual activities in January 2017. 3 categorizations of age-related sexual abuse were examined: child sexual abuse (CSA) occurring at age 13 and earlier (compared to no abuse), adolescent/adult sexual abuse (AASA; compared to no abuse), and CSA and AASA (CSA/AASA; compared to one age-related category of abuse or the other). OUTCOMES: The outcome variable, hypersexuality, was examined as a continuous variable due to the low prevalence of clinical hypersexuality in this sample. 3 multivariate linear regression analyses adjusting for covariates aimed to predict hypersexuality from each category of abuse, along with gender and its interaction with each category. RESULTS: In all models, younger age, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, male gender, single relationship status, less than full-time work, and living in a capital city were associated with hypersexuality, and education was not a significant predictor. CSA, AASA, and CSA/AASA predicted hypersexuality in both men and women. There was a significant interaction between CSA/AASA and gender, such that the relationship between CSA/AASA and hypersexuality was stronger in men than in women. CLINICAL TRANSLATION: Sexual abuse at each developmental time-point may influence hypersexuality among men and women, although the cumulative impact of CSA and AASA on hypersexuality may be particularly relevant among men. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: This is one of the largest studies to examine gender-related differences in the relationship between sexual abuse and hypersexuality. Nevertheless, our study is cross-sectional, and longitudinal work is needed to determine how sexual abuse affects children, adolescents, and adults throughout their lives. CONCLUSION: Developmental impacts of sexual abuse may be considered in a gender-informed fashion in order to develop and optimize effective prevention and treatment strategies for hypersexuality. Slavin MN, Blycker GR, Potenza MN, et al. Gender-Related Differences in Associations Between Sexual Abuse and Hypersexuality. J Sex Med 2020;17:2029-2038.

A Large-Scale Comparison of Canadian Sexual/Gender Minority and Heterosexual, Cisgender Adolescents' Pornography Use Characteristics.

BACKGROUND: The ease of access to pornography has made its use common among adolescents. Although sexual and gender minority (SGM) (eg, gay, transgender) adolescents may be more prone to use pornography owing to sexual orientation-related information seeking and/or scarcity of potential romantic or sexual partners, relatively little attention has been paid to their pornography use and to the quantitative examination of the similarities and differences between heterosexual, cisgender (HC) and SGM adolescents' pornography use characteristics. AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare SGM and HC adolescents' pornography use considering potential sex differences. METHODS: We used a sample of 2,846 adolescents (52.5% girls; Mage = 14.5 years, SD = 0.6), which was collected as part of an ongoing longitudinal study on adolescents' sexual health. Data were analyzed with 5 groups: HC boys; HC girls; SGM boys; SGM girls; and SGM non-binary individuals. OUTCOMES: Adolescents completed a self-report questionnaire about sexual and gender minority status and pornography use (ie, lifetime use, age at first exposure, and frequency of use in the past 3 months.) RESULTS: Results indicated significant differences between all groups: 88.2% of HC boys, 78.2% of SGM boys, 54.2% of SGM girls, 39.4% of HC girls, and 29.4% of SGM non-binary individuals reported having ever viewed pornography by the age of 14 years. SGM girls indicated a significantly younger age at first pornography use than HC girls, but this difference was not significant among boys. SGM boys reported the highest (median: many times per week), whereas HC girls reported the lowest (median: less than once a month) frequency of pornography use. CLINICAL TRANSLATION: Results suggest that SGM and HC boys' pornography use characteristics are rather similar, whereas SGM and HC girls' pornography use patterns may be considered different presumably because of the varying underlying motivations (eg, using pornography to confirm sexual orientation). STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: Self-report measures and cross-sectional designs have potential biases that should be considered. However, the present study involved a large sample of adolescents including SGM adolescents, a population group that is understudied. CONCLUSION: Approximately two-thirds of teenagers had gained their first experience with pornography in the present sample, and 52.2% reported using it once a week or more often in the past 3 months, indicating that pornography use may play an important role in both HC and SGM adolescents' sexual development. Gender-based differences concerning pornography use seem to be robust regardless of SGM status. Bothe B, Vaillancourt-Morel, MP, Girouard A, et al. A Large-Scale Comparison of Canadian Sexual/Gender Minority and Heterosexual, Cisgender Adolescents' Pornography Use Characteristics. J Sex Med 2020;17:1156-1167.

Predictors and outcomes of core and peripheral sport motivation profiles: A person-centered study.

While previous studies highlighted the importance of the different motivations for doing sports as proposed by self-determination theory, less emphasis has been put on the simultaneous presence of multiple motivations within the same individual. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the complex interaction of sport motivations and to identify core (common) and peripheral (uncommon) profiles of people engaged in sports based on a combination of motivations. To achieve this goal, latent profile analysis, a person-centered approach, was performed on responses from 506 participants engaged in sports. For better understanding the extracted profiles, basic psychological need fulfillment was included as profile predictor, while subjective vitality and various engagement-related indicators as outcomes. Four core and peripheral profiles were identified: Moderately Motivated, Highly Motivated, Amotivated, and Poorly Motivated. Contrary to theory, introjected regulation clustered more closely with self-determined motivations. Profile membership was significantly predicted by global need fulfillment, autonomy satisfaction as well as, to a smaller extent, autonomy, relatedness, and competence frustration. The four profiles differed along vitality and some, but not all, engagement-related outcomes.

Investigating the Associations Of Adult ADHD Symptoms, Hypersexuality, and Problematic Pornography Use Among Men and Women on a Largescale, Non-Clinical Sample.

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent comorbid disorders in hypersexuality; however, previous studies only examined the associations of ADHD and hypersexuality among men seeking treatment. Although problematic pornography use (PPU) might be considered the most frequent manifestation of hypersexuality, no previous research examined its association with ADHD symptoms. AIM: To (i) examine ADHD symptoms in relation to hypersexuality and PPU and (ii) identify possible similarities and differences in relationship with hypersexuality and PPU in a large, non-clinical sample between both sexes. METHODS: Multi-group structural equation modeling was conducted to investigate the hypothesized associations among adult ADHD symptoms, hypersexuality, and PPU between men and women (N = 14,043 participants; women = 4,237; mean age = 33.5 years, SD = 10.9). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adult ADHD symptoms were assessed in relation to hypersexuality and PPU via self-reported measures. RESULTS: Results indicated that hypersexuality had positive and moderate association with problematic pornography use among women (r[14041] = .50, P < .01) and positive and strong association among men (r[14041] = .70, P < .01). ADHD symptoms had positive and moderate associations with hypersexuality in both men and women (ß = .50, P < .01; ß = .43; P < .01; respectively). Regarding men, ADHD symptoms had a positive, moderate association with PPU (ß = .45, P < .01), whereas ADHD symptoms had a positive, but weak, association with PPU in the case of women (ß = .26, P < .01). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When men have high levels of hypersexuality or PPU, ADHD should be assessed as a potential comorbid disorder. With regard to women, ADHD should be assessed as a potential comorbid disorder only in the case of hypersexuality. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS: Applying self-report methods have possible biases that should be taken into account when interpreting the present findings. However, the present study was conducted on a large community sample and examined the differentiated role of ADHD symptoms in hypersexuality and PPU, not only in men but also in women, that has never been addressed in the literature. CONCLUSION: ADHD symptoms might play an important role in the severity of hypersexuality between both sexes, whereas ADHD symptoms might only play a stronger role in PPU among men but not women. The findings corroborate previous results that PPU may not be unambiguously considered as a subcategory of hypersexuality. In addition, potential background mechanisms behind problematic pornography use should be examined separately between men and women. Bothe B, Koós M, Tóth-Király I, et al. Investigating the Associations Of Adult ADHD Symptoms, Hypersexuality, and Problematic Pornography Use Among Men and Women on a Largescale, Non-Clinical Sample. J Sex Med 2019;16:489-499.