Improvement of endoglucanase production by Aspergillus brasiliensis in solid-state fermentation using cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) residue as substrate.

AIMS: Optimize the production of Aspergillus brasiliensis endoglucanase in a solid-phase bioprocess using cupuaçu shell as substrate. METHODS AND RESULTS: The shells were supplemented with nitrogen and phosphorous and used as a substrate. The centesimal and inorganic composition of the residue was determined, and found to be rich in fibres, and possessed essential elements for fungal growth. In the initial cultivation of A. brasiliensis, endoglucanase activity of 7.35 U g-1 was obtained. A factorial experimental design was used to determine the most significant variables for the bioprocess. The interactions between moisture, temperature and nitrogen source were noteworthy (p < 0.05). From the rotational central composite design, the optimization of temperature and nitrogen supplementation was obtained, and this reached 40.50 U g-1 , which is an increase of more than five times the value obtained initially. The enzymatic extract was applied as the biocatalyst in the hydrolysis of cupuaçu shells and, after 48 h, it was possible to observe the production of reducing sugars. CONCLUSIONS: Cupuaçu shell can be used as a substrate for endoglucanase production by A. brasiliensis. The process was optimized for the cultivation temperature and the nitrogen source. The enzymatic extract can be applied in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Cupuaçu shells can be used to produce cellulases, a product of high added value that can generate economic and environmental benefits for communities and companies producing derivatives of the cupuaçu fruit.

Bone marrow cell migration to the heart in a chimeric mouse model of acute chagasic disease.

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease is a public health problem caused by infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. There is currently no effective therapy for Chagas disease. Although there is some evidence for the beneficial effect of bone marrow-derived cells in chagasic disease, the mechanisms underlying their effects in the heart are unknown. Reports have suggested that bone marrow cells are recruited to the chagasic heart; however, studies using chimeric mouse models of chagasic cardiomyopathy are rare. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the migration of bone marrow cells to the heart after T. cruzi infection in a model of chagasic disease in chimeric mice. METHODS: To obtain chimerical mice, wild-type (WT) C57BL6 mice were exposed to full body irradiation (7 Gy), causing bone marrow ablation. Then, bone marrow cells from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice were infused into the mice. Graft effectiveness was confirmed by flow cytometry. Experimental mice were divided into four groups: (i) infected chimeric (iChim) mice; (ii) infected WT (iWT) mice, both of which received 3 × 104 trypomastigotes of the Brazil strain; (iii) non-infected chimeric (Chim) mice; and (iv) non-infected WT mice. FINDINGS: At one-month post-infection, iChim and iWT mice showed first degree atrioventricular block with decreased heart rate and treadmill exercise parameters compared to those in the non-infected groups. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: iChim mice showed an increase in parasitaemia, myocarditis, and the presence of amastigote nests in the heart tissue compared to iWT mice. Flow cytometry analysis did not detect haematopoietic progenitor cells in the hearts of infected mice. Furthermore, GFP+ cardiomyocytes were not detected in the tissues of chimeric mice.

Association between cortisol levels and performance in clinical simulation: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify how stress measured by salivary cortisol during clinical simulation-based education, or simulation and another teaching method, impacts performance. METHOD: Systematic review of the association between cortisol and performance in simulations. The following databases were used: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Web of Science. Additional searches of gray literature were carried out on Google Scholar and Proquest. The searches took place on March 20, 2023. The risk of bias of randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). Inclusion criteria were: simulation studies with salivary cortisol collection and performance evaluation, published in any period in Portuguese, English and Spanish. RESULTS: 11 studies were included which measured stress using salivary cortisol and were analyzed using descriptive synthesis and qualitative analysis. CONCLUSION: Some studies have shown a relationship between stress and performance, which may be beneficial or harmful to the participant. However, other studies did not show this correlation, which may not have been due to methodological issues.

Prevention of complications related to peripherally inserted central catheter insertion techniques in newborns: systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the effectiveness of peripherally inserted central catheter insertion techniques in preventing the occurrence of complications related to this device in newborns. METHOD: a paired and network systematic literature review and meta-analysis, with its search carried out in seven databases and in the Grey Literature, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools. Certainty of the evidence was assessed by means of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. A meta-analysis was carried out with the aid of the R statistical program. RESULTS: eight studies with 1,126 newborns were included and six insertion techniques were identified: intracavitary electrocardiogram; intracavitary electrocardiogram associated with ultrasound; ultrasound; formula; anatomical landmark; and modified anatomical landmark. Five techniques significantly decreased primary tip malpositioning when compared to the control ( p <0.05). Intracavitary electrocardiogram significantly and more effectively reduced arrhythmias, general complications and phlebitis; the technique that used a formula also reduced general complications. Infection, infiltration, secondary tip malpositioning, catheter rupture, thrombosis, occlusion and catheter-associated skin lesion were not significantly preventable events. CONCLUSION: intracavitary electrocardiogram and use of the formula were the most effective techniques in reducing complications.

Artificial intelligence in the analysis of emotions of nursing students undergoing clinical simulation.

OBJECTIVE: to assess nursing students' emotions undergoing maternal-child clinical simulation. METHODS: an observational study, carried out between June and July 2019. The Focus Group technique was used, with 28 nursing students, randomly distributed into three groups, with qualitative (Bardin technique) and quantitative data (Artificial Intelligence) analysis, to analyze emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice and description of speeches. RESULTS: we defined two categories: "It was not easy, it was very stressful"; and "Very valuable experience". In Artificial Intelligence, emotional distribution between face, voice and speech revealed a prevalence of negative valence, medium-high degree of passivity, medium power to control the situation and medium-high degree of obstruction in task accomplishment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this study revealed an oscillation between positive and negative emotions, and shows to the importance of recognizing them in the teaching-learning process in mother-child simulation.

MiRNA-30d and miR-770-5p as potential clinical risk predictors of Vasoplegic Syndrome in Patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

The aims of this study were to perform pre-surgery miRNA profiling of patients who develop Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and identify those miRNAs that could be used as VS prognostic tools and biomarkers. The levels of 754 microRNAs (miRNAs) were measured in whole blood samples from a cohort of patients collected right before the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. We compared the miRNA levels of those who developed VS (VASO group) with those who did not (NONVASO group) after surgery. Six miRNAs (hsa-miR-548c-3p, -199b-5p, -383-5p -571 -183-3p, -30d-5p) were increased and two (hsa-1236-3p, and hsa-miR770-5p) were decreased in blood of VASO compared to NONVASO groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that a combination of the miRNAs, hsa-miR-30d-5p and hsa-miR-770-5p can be used as VS predictors (AUC = 0.9615, p < 0.0001). The computational and functional analyses were performed to gain insights into the potential role of these dysregulated miRNAs in VS and have identified the "Apelin Liver Signaling Pathway" as the canonical pathway containing the most target genes regulated by these miRNAs. The expression of the combined miRNAs hsa-miR-30d and hsa-miR-770-5p allowed the ability to distinguish between patients who could and could not develop VS, representing a potential predictive biomarker of VS.

Stress level experienced by participants in realistic simulation: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the available evidence regarding stress levels experienced by participants in education based on a realistic simulation. METHODS: systematic review that included randomized clinic trials on electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, Latin-American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The additional search was performed on Google Scholar and OpenGrey. All searches occurred on September 24, 2020. The methodologic quality of the results was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. RESULTS: eighteen studies were included, which evaluated the participants' stress using physiologic, self-reported measures, or the combination of both. Stress as experienced in a high level in simulated scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: evidence of the study included in this systematic review suggest that stress is experienced in a high level in simulated scenarios.

Clinical simulation as a Nursing Fundamentals teaching method: a quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate students' knowledge gain after the implementation of clinical simulation in Nursing Fundamentals disciplines. METHODS: a quasi-experimental intervention was carried out with 60 students, distributed in comparison and intervention groups, who underwent traditional teaching and traditional teaching associated with simulated teaching, respectively. Pre-test and post-test instruments were applied to both groups. RESULTS: after analyzing the students' performance through the applied instruments, both groups had a cognitive evolution along with the taught content, however, when compared, the intervention group obtained a higher knowledge gain than the comparison group (p = 0.016), demonstrating progressive and increasing improvement with the use of the methodology. CONCLUSIONS: simulated teaching significantly helps students in gaining technical-cognitive knowledge. Therefore, it is recommended to adhere to the use of this methodology for teaching Nursing Fundamentals.

Web-Based Virtual Learning Environment for Medicine Administration in Pediatrics and Neonatology: Content Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, patient safety has been a widely discussed topic and has currently become one of the greatest challenges for health institutions. This concern is heightened when referring to children. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to develop a virtual learning environment for medication administration, as a tool to facilitate the training process of undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: Descriptive research and methodological development with a quantitative and qualitative approach were used with stages of design-based research as methodological strategies. For the development of the virtual environment, 5 themes were selected: rights of medication administration, medication administration steps, medication administration routes, medication calculation, and nonpharmacological actions for pain relief. After development, 2 groups-expert judges in the field of pediatrics and neonatology for environment validation and undergraduate nursing students for the assessment-were used to assess the virtual learning environment. For the validation of the virtual learning environment by expert judges, the content validity index was used, and for the evaluation of the students, the percentage of agreement was calculated. RESULTS: The study included 13 experts who positively validated the virtual environment with a content validity index of 0.97, and 26 students who considered the content suitable for nursing students, although some adjustments are necessary. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the benefit of the virtual learning environment to the training of nursing students and professional nurses who work in health care. It is an effective educational tool for teaching medication administration in pediatrics and neonatology and converges with the conjectures of active methodologies.

Therapy with Cardiomyocytes Derived from Pluripotent Cells in Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy.

Chagas disease discovered more than a century ago remains an incurable disease. The objective of this work was to investigate the therapeutic potential of cardiomyocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (CM-mESC) in a model of chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) were characterized, transduced with luciferase, and submitted to cardiac differentiation. CM-mESC were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. To induce CCC, mice were infected with Brazil strain trypomastigotes. At 150 days post-infection (dpi), infected animals were treated with CM-mESC or PBS. Cells were detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and bioluminescence. Cardiac function was evaluated by MRI and electrocardiogram at 150 and 196 dpi. CCC mice showed significant differences in MRI and ECG parameters compared to non-infected mice. However, no differences were observed in contractile and electrical parameters between cell and PBS injected groups, 45 days after cell transplantation. Cells were detected 24 h after transplantation by MRI. CM-mESC bioluminescence tracking demonstrated over 90% decrease in signal 8 days after treatment. Nevertheless, the Infected + CM-mESC group showed a significant reduction in the percentage of collagen fibers when compared to the Infected + PBS group. In conclusion, CM-mESC therapy was not effective in reversing cardiac functional changes induced by Chagas disease despite some improvement in myocardial fibrosis.

Association between cortisol levels and performance in clinical simulation: a systematic review / Asociación entre los niveles de cortisol y el rendimiento en simulación clínica: revisión sistemática / Associação entre nível de cortisol e desempenho em simulação clínica: revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify how stress measured by salivary cortisol during clinical simulation-based education, or simulation and another teaching method, impacts performance. Method: Systematic review of the association between cortisol and performance in simulations. The following databases were used: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Web of Science. Additional searches of gray literature were carried out on Google Scholar and Proquest. The searches took place on March 20, 2023. The risk of bias of randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). Inclusion criteria were: simulation studies with salivary cortisol collection and performance evaluation, published in any period in Portuguese, English and Spanish. Results: 11 studies were included which measured stress using salivary cortisol and were analyzed using descriptive synthesis and qualitative analysis. Conclusion: Some studies have shown a relationship between stress and performance, which may be beneficial or harmful to the participant. However, other studies did not show this correlation, which may not have been due to methodological issues.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar cómo el estrés medido por el cortisol salival durante la enseñanza basada en la simulación clínica, o la simulación y otro método de enseñanza, influye en el rendimiento. Método: Revisión sistemática de la asociación entre cortisol y rendimiento en simulaciones. Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Web of Science. Se realizaron búsquedas adicionales de literatura gris en Google Scholar y Proquest. Las búsquedas se realizaron el 20 de marzo de 2023. El riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos aleatorios se evaluó mediante la Herramienta de Riesgo de Sesgo (RoB 2) de la Colaboración Cochrane. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios de simulación con recogida de cortisol salival y evaluación del rendimiento, publicados en cualquier periodo en portugués, inglés y español. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 estudios que midieron el estrés mediante cortisol salival y se analizaron mediante síntesis descriptiva y análisis cualitativo. Conclusión: Algunos estudios mostraron una relación entre el estrés y el rendimiento, que puede ser beneficiosa o perjudicial para el participante. Sin embargo, otros estudios no mostraron esta correlación, lo que puede no haberse debido a cuestiones metodológicas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar como o estresse mensurado por cortisol salivar durante a educação baseada em simulação clínica ou simulação e outro método de ensino, tem impacto no desempenho. Método: Revisão sistemática da associação do cortisol com o desempenho em simulações. Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LIVIVO, Scopus, EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Web of Science. Pesquisa adicional de literatura cinzenta foi realizada no Google Scholar e no Proquest. As buscas ocorreram em 20 de março de 2023. O risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos randomizados, foi avaliado pela ferramenta Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool (RoB 2). Foram critérios de inclusão: estudos de simulação com coleta de cortisol salivar e avaliação de desempenho, publicados em qualquer período em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: 11 estudos foram incluídos, os quais mensuraram o estresse utilizando o cortisol salivar e analisados através da síntese descritiva e da análise qualitativa. Conclusão: Alguns estudos mostraram haver relação entre estresse e desempenho, podendo ser benéfico ou prejudicial ao participante. Porém, outros estudos não apresentaram essa correlação que pode não ter ocorrido por questões metodológicas.

Prevention of complications related to peripherally inserted central catheter insertion techniques in newborns: systematic review and network meta-analysis / Prevención de complicaciones asociadas con las técnicas de inserción de catéter central de inserción periférica en recién nacidos: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis en red / Prevenção de complicações relacionadas a técnicas de inserção do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos: revisão sistemática e metanálise em rede

Objective: to analyze the effectiveness of peripherally inserted central catheter insertion techniques in preventing the occurrence of complications related to this device in newborns. Method: a paired and network systematic literature review and meta-analysis, with its search carried out in seven databases and in the Grey Literature, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 and Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tools. Certainty of the evidence was assessed by means of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. A meta-analysis was carried out with the aid of the R statistical program. Results: eight studies with 1,126 newborns were included and six insertion techniques were identified: intracavitary electrocardiogram; intracavitary electrocardiogram associated with ultrasound; ultrasound; formula; anatomical landmark; and modified anatomical landmark. Five techniques significantly decreased primary tip malpositioning when compared to the control ( p <0.05). Intracavitary electrocardiogram significantly and more effectively reduced arrhythmias, general complications and phlebitis; the technique that used a formula also reduced general complications. Infection, infiltration, secondary tip malpositioning, catheter rupture, thrombosis, occlusion and catheter-associated skin lesion were not significantly preventable events. Conclusion: intracavitary electrocardiogram and use of the formula were the most effective techniques in reducing complications.

Objetivo: analizar la efectividad de las técnicas de inserción de catéter central de inserción periférica en la prevención de la aparición de complicaciones asociadas con este dispositivo en recién nacidos. Método: revisión sistemática de la literatura y metaanálisis pareado y en red, la búsqueda se realizó en siete bases de datos y en la literatura gris, se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante las herramientas Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 y Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions . La certeza de la evidencia a través de la Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation . Se realizó un metaanálisis con ayuda del programa estadístico R. Resultados: se incluyeron ocho estudios, con 1126 recién nacidos, y se identificaron seis técnicas de inserción: electrocardiograma intracavitario, electrocardiograma intracavitario asociado a ultrasonido, ultrasonido, fórmula, punto anatómico de referencia y punto anatómico de referencia modificado. Cinco técnicas redujeron significativamente el mal posicionamiento primario de la punta en comparación con el control (p<0,05). El electrocardiograma intracavitario redujo de manera significativa y más efectiva las arritmias, las complicaciones generales y la flebitis; la técnica que utilizó una fórmula también redujo las complicaciones generales. La infección, la infiltración, el mal posicionamiento secundario de la punta, la rotura del catéter, la trombosis, la oclusión y las lesiones de la piel asociadas con el catéter son eventos que no se revinieron significativamente. Conclusión: el electrocardiograma intracavitario y el uso de la fórmula fueron las técnicas más efectivas para reducir las complicaciones.

Objetivo: analisar a efetividade das técnicas de inserção de cateter central de inserção periférica na prevenção da ocorrência de complicações relacionadas a este dispositivo em recém-nascidos. Método: revisão sistemática da literatura e metanálise pareada e em rede, com busca realizada em sete bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta, inclusão de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e não aleatorizados. O risco de viés foi avaliado pelas ferramentas da Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 e o Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions. A certeza da evidência pelo Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Realizou-se metanálise com auxílio do programa estatístico R. Resultados: oito estudos, com 1126 recém-nascidos, foram incluídos e seis técnicas de inserção identificadas: eletrocardiograma intracavitário, eletrocardiograma intracavitário associado à ultrassonografia, ultrassonografia, fórmula, marco de referência anatômico e marco de referência anatômico modificado. Cinco técnicas diminuíram significativamente o mau posicionamento primário da ponta quando comparadas com o controle ( p <0,05). O eletrocardiograma intracavitário diminuiu arritmias, complicações gerais e flebite de forma significativa e mais efetiva; a técnica que utilizou uma fórmula também reduziu complicações gerais. Infecção, infiltração, mau posicionamento secundário da ponta, ruptura do cateter, trombose, oclusão e lesão de pele associada ao cateter não foram eventos prevenidos significativamente. Conclusão: eletrocardiograma intracavitário e uso da fórmula foram as técnicas mais efetivas na redução de complicações.

Echocardiographic Measurements in a Preclinical Model of Chronic Chagasic Cardiomyopathy in Dogs: Validation and Reproducibility.

Background: The failure to translate preclinical results to the clinical setting is the rule, not the exception. One reason that is frequently overlooked is whether the animal model reproduces distinctive features of human disease. Another is the reproducibility of the method used to measure treatment effects in preclinical studies. Left ventricular (LV) function improvement is the most common endpoint in preclinical cardiovascular disease studies, while echocardiography is the most frequently used method to evaluate LV function. In this work, we conducted a robust echocardiographic evaluation of LV size and function in dogs chronically infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. Methods and Results: Echocardiography was performed blindly by two distinct observers in mongrel dogs before and between 6 and 9 months post infection. Parameters analyzed included end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS). We observed a significant LVEF and FS reduction in infected animals compared to controls, with no significant variation in volumes. However, the effect of chronic infection in systolic function was quite variable, with EF ranging from 17 to 66%. Using the cut-off value of EF ≤ 40%, established for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs, only 28% of the infected dogs were affected by the chronic infection. Conclusions: The canine model of CCC mimics human disease, reproducing the percentage of individuals that develop heart failure during the chronic infection. It is thus mandatory to establish inclusion criteria in the experimental design of canine preclinical studies to account for the variable effect that chronic infection has on systolic function.

Aplicação de ácido hialurônico e corticoide através de uma punção guiada por ultrassonografia no tratamento de disfunção da articulação temporomandibular: relato de caso / Hyaluronic and corticoid application through an ultrasound-guided puncture in the treatment of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions: case report / Aplicación de ácido hialurónico y corticoide a través de una punción guiada por ecografía en el tratamiento de la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular: informe de un caso

Introdução: As Disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM) incluem desordens dos músculos da mastigação, das articulações temporomandibulares e da inervação local, frequentemente associadas a dor orofacial e que resultam em mioartropatias do Sistema Mastigatório. A tendência atual tende a começar com tratamento conservador e progredir a procedimentos mais invasivos na falha dos tratamentos iniciais. Relato de caso: O presente relato visa mostrar o resultado de uma técnica invasiva para o tratamento de uma DTM grave, com a aplicação do ácido hialurônico e de corticoide através de uma punção guiado por ultrassonografia. A paciente apresentava dor crônica e perda importante de peso devido a limitação da abertura da boca. A RM demonstrou disfunção das ATMs, com sinais de deslocamento parcial do disco direito anteromedialmente. Foi realizada a aplicação bilateral intra-articular de ácido hialurônico e de corticoide através de uma punção guiado por ultrassonografia. Considerações Finais: A associação destas classes na punção de ATMs ainda não está bem estabelecida havendo necessidade de estudos complementares para avaliar eficácia, como este relato de caso, que se mostrou favorável com grande melhora clínica da paciente... (AU)

Introduction: Temporomandibular dysfunctions (TMD) include disorders of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and local innervation, often associated with orofacial pain and resulting in myoarthropathies of the masticatory system. The current trend tends to begin with conservative treatment and progress to more invasive procedures if the initial treatments fail. Case Report: The present report aims to show the result of an invasive technique for the treatment of a severe TMD, with the application of hyaluronic acid and corticoid through an ultrasound-guided puncture. The patient presented with chronic pain and significant weight loss due to limited mouth opening. MRI demonstrated TMJ dysfunction, with signs of partial anteromedial dislocation of the right disc. Bilateral intra-articular application of hyaluronic acid and corticoid was performed through an ultrasound guided puncture. Final considerations: The association of these classes in TMJ puncture is still not well established, and further studies are needed to evaluate efficacy, as in this case report, which proved favorable, with great clinical improvement for the patient... (AU)

Introducción: Los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) incluyen trastornos de los músculos masticatorios, de las articulaciones temporomandibulares y de la inervación local, a menudo asociados a dolor orofacial y que dan lugar a mioartropatías del sistema masticatorio. La tendencia actual es comenzar con un tratamiento conservador y progresar hacia procedimientos más invasivos al fracasar los tratamientos iniciales. Informe de un caso: El presente informe pretende mostrar el resultado de una técnica invasiva para el tratamiento de un TTM severo, con la aplicación de ácido hialurónico y corticoide a través de una punción guiada por ecografía. El paciente presentaba dolor crónico y una importante pérdida de peso debido a la limitación de la apertura bucal. La RMN demostró una disfunción de la ATM, con signos de dislocación parcial del disco derecho anteromedialmente. Se realizó la aplicación intraarticular bilateral de ácido hialurónico y corticoide mediante una punción guiada por ecografía. Consideraciones finales: La asociación de estas clases en la punción de la ATM aún no está bien establecida y se necesitan más estudios para evaluar la eficacia, como en el reporte de este caso, que resultó favorable con gran mejoría clínica del paciente... (AU)

Artificial intelligence in the analysis of emotions of nursing students undergoing clinical simulation / Inteligencia artificial en el análisis de las emociones de estudiantes de enfermería sometidos a simulación clínica / Inteligência artificial na análise das emoções dos estudantes de enfermagem submetidos à simulação clínica

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess nursing students' emotions undergoing maternal-child clinical simulation. Methods: an observational study, carried out between June and July 2019. The Focus Group technique was used, with 28 nursing students, randomly distributed into three groups, with qualitative (Bardin technique) and quantitative data (Artificial Intelligence) analysis, to analyze emotions through facial expressions, tone of voice and description of speeches. Results: we defined two categories: "It was not easy, it was very stressful"; and "Very valuable experience". In Artificial Intelligence, emotional distribution between face, voice and speech revealed a prevalence of negative valence, medium-high degree of passivity, medium power to control the situation and medium-high degree of obstruction in task accomplishment. Final considerations: this study revealed an oscillation between positive and negative emotions, and shows to the importance of recognizing them in the teaching-learning process in mother-child simulation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las emociones de estudiantes de enfermería en la experiencia de simulación clínica materno-infantil. Métodos: estudio observacional, realizado entre junio y julio de 2019. Se utilizó la técnica de Grupo Focal, con 28 estudiantes de enfermería, distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos, con análisis de datos cualitativos (técnica de Bardin) y datos cuantitativos (Inteligencia Artificial), para el análisis de emociones a través de expresiones faciales, tono de voz y descripción de discursos. Resultados: definimos dos categorías: "No fue fácil, fue muy estresante"; y "Experiencia muy valiosa". En la Inteligencia Artificial, la distribución emocional entre rostro, voz y habla reveló un predominio de valencia negativa, grado medio-alto de pasividad, poder medio para controlar la situación y grado medio-alto de obstrucción en la realización de la tarea. Consideraciones finales: este estudio reveló una oscilación entre emociones positivas y negativas, y apunta a la importancia de reconocerlas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la simulación madre-hijo.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as emoções dos estudantes de enfermagem na vivência da simulação clínica materno-infantil. Métodos: estudo observacional, realizado entre junho e julho de 2019. Utilizada a técnica de Grupo Focal, com 28 estudantes de enfermagem, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos, com análise dos dados qualitativa (técnica de Bardin) e quantitativa (Inteligência Artificial), para a análise das emoções através das expressões faciais, tom de voz e descrição das falas. Resultados: definiram-se duas categorias: "Não foi fácil, foi muito estressante"; e "Experiência muito valiosa". Na Inteligência Artificial, a distribuição emocional entre face, voz e fala revelou prevalência da valência negativa, médio-alto grau de passividade, médio poder de controle da situação e médio-alto grau de obstrução na realização da tarefa. Considerações finais: este estudo revelou oscilação entre emoções positivas e negativas, e aponta para a importância de reconhecê-las no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na simulação materno-infantil.

Embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for the treatment of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: Doxorubicin (Dox) is a chemotherapy drug with limited application due to cardiotoxicity that may progress to heart failure. This study aims to evaluate the role of cardiomyocytes derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (CM-mESCs) in the treatment of Dox-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) in mice. METHODS: The mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) line E14TG2A was characterized by karyotype analysis, gene expression using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Cells were transduced with luciferase 2 and submitted to cardiac differentiation. Total conditioned medium (TCM) from the CM-mESCs was collected for proteomic analysis. To establish DIC in CD1 mice, Dox (7.5 mg/kg) was administered once a week for 3 weeks, resulting in a cumulative Dox dose of 22.5 mg/kg. At the fourth week, a group of animals was injected intramyocardially with CM-mESCs (8 × 105 cells). Cells were tracked by a bioluminescence assay, and the body weight, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram and number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were evaluated. RESULTS: mESCs exhibited a normal karyotype and expressed pluripotent markers. Proteomic analysis of TCM showed proteins related to the negative regulation of cell death. CM-mESCs presented ventricular action potential characteristics. Mice that received Dox developed heart failure and showed significant differences in body weight, ejection fraction (EF), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), heart rate and QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals when compared to the control group. After cell or placebo injection, the Dox + CM-mESC group showed significant increases in EF and SV when compared to the Dox + placebo group. Reduction in ESV and QT and QTc intervals in Dox + CM-mESC-treated mice was observed at 5 or 30 days after cell treatment. Cells were detected up to 11 days after injection. The Dox + CM-mESC group showed a significant reduction in the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the hearts of mice when compared to the Dox + placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: CM-mESC transplantation improves cardiac function in mice with DIC.

Clinical simulation as a Nursing Fundamentals teaching method: a quasi-experimental study / La simulación clínica como método de enseñanza en la Enfermería Fundamental: un estudio casi-experimental / A simulação clínica como método de ensino na Enfermagem Fundamental: um estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate students' knowledge gain after the implementation of clinical simulation in Nursing Fundamentals disciplines. Methods: a quasi-experimental intervention was carried out with 60 students, distributed in comparison and intervention groups, who underwent traditional teaching and traditional teaching associated with simulated teaching, respectively. Pre-test and post-test instruments were applied to both groups. Results: after analyzing the students' performance through the applied instruments, both groups had a cognitive evolution along with the taught content, however, when compared, the intervention group obtained a higher knowledge gain than the comparison group (p = 0.016), demonstrating progressive and increasing improvement with the use of the methodology. Conclusions: simulated teaching significantly helps students in gaining technical-cognitive knowledge. Therefore, it is recommended to adhere to the use of this methodology for teaching Nursing Fundamentals.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar implementación de simulación clínica en asignaturas pautadas en la Enfermería Fundamental cuanto a la adquisición de conocimiento por discente. Métodos: realizó una intervención casi-experimental con 60 estudiantes, distribuidos en grupos de comparación e intervención, los cuales hicieron uso de la enseñanza tradicional y enseñanza tradicional relacionada a enseñanza simulada, respectivamente. Fueron aplicados instrumentos de pretest y postest a ambos grupos. Resultados: analizado el desempeño de los estudiantes mediante los instrumentos aplicados, ambos los grupos tuvieron una evolución cognitiva al largo del contenido ministrado, pero, cuando comparados, el grupo de intervención obtuvo una adquisición de conocimiento superior al grupo de comparación (p = 0,016), demostrando mejora progresiva y creciente con el uso de la metodología utilizada. Conclusiones: la enseñanza simulada auxilia de manera significativa en la adquisición de conocimiento técnico-cognitivo de los estudiantes. Así, se recomienda adherir al uso de esa metodología en la enseñanza de la Enfermería Fundamental.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar a implementação da simulação clínica nas disciplinas pautadas na Enfermagem Fundamental quanto ao ganho de conhecimento pelo discente. Métodos: realizou-se uma intervenção quase-experimental com 60 estudantes, distribuídos em grupos de comparação e de intervenção, os quais fizeram uso do ensino tradicional e do ensino tradicional associado ao ensino simulado, respectivamente. Foram aplicados instrumentos de pré-teste e pós-teste a ambos grupos. Resultados: analisado o desempenho dos estudantes por meio dos instrumentos aplicados, ambos os grupos tiveram uma evolução cognitiva ao longo do conteúdo ministrado, porém, quando comparados, o grupo de intervenção obteve um ganho de conhecimento superior ao grupo de comparação (p = 0,016), demonstrando melhora progressiva e crescente com o uso da metodologia utilizada. Conclusões: o ensino simulado auxilia de maneira significativa no ganho de conhecimento técnico-cognitivo dos estudantes. Sendo assim, recomenda-se aderir ao uso dessa metodologia no ensino da Enfermagem Fundamental.

Cardiosphere-derived cells do not improve cardiac function in rats with cardiac failure.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure represents an important public health issue due to its high costs and growing incidence worldwide. Evidence showing the regenerative potential of postmitotic heart tissue has suggested the existence of endogenous cardiac stem cells in adult hearts. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDC) constitute a candidate pool of such cardiac stem cells. Previous studies using acute myocardial infarction (MI) models in rodents demonstrated an improvement in cardiac function after cell therapy with CDC. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of CDC 60 days after MI in a rat model. METHODS: CDC were obtained from human discarded myocardial tissue and rat hearts by enzymatic digestion with collagenase II. At 10-15 days after isolation, small, round, phase-bright cells (PBCs) appeared on top of the adherent fibroblast-like cells. The PBCs were collected and placed on a nonadherent plate for 2 days, where they formed cardiospheres which were then transferred to adherent plates, giving rise to CDC. These CDC were characterized by flow cytometry. Wistar rats were submitted to MI through permanent occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery. After 60 days, they were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine A during 10 days. On the third day, infarcted animals were treated with 5 × 105 human CDC (hCDC) or placebo through intramyocardial injection guided by echocardiogram. Another group of animals was treated with rat CDC (rCDC) without immunosuppression. hCDC and rCDC were stably transduced with a viral construct expressing luciferase under control of a constitutive promoter. CDC were then used in a bioluminescence assay. Functional parameters were evaluated by echocardiogram 90 and 120 days after MI and by Langendorff at 120 days. RESULTS: CDC had a predominantly mesenchymal phenotype. Cell tracking by bioluminescence demonstrated over 85% decrease in signal at 5-7 days after cell therapy. Cardiac function evaluation by echocardiography showed no differences in ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, or end-systolic volume between groups receiving human cells, rat cells, or placebo. Hemodynamic analyses and infarct area quantification confirmed that there was no improvement in cardiac remodeling after cell therapy with CDC. CONCLUSION: Our study challenges the effectiveness of CDC in post-ischemic heart failure.

Mast Cell Coupling to the Kallikrein-Kinin System Fuels Intracardiac Parasitism and Worsens Heart Pathology in Experimental Chagas Disease.

During the course of Chagas disease, infectious forms of Trypanosoma cruzi are occasionally liberated from parasitized heart cells. Studies performed with tissue culture trypomastigotes (TCTs, Dm28c strain) demonstrated that these parasites evoke neutrophil/CXCR2-dependent microvascular leakage by activating innate sentinel cells via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). Upon plasma extravasation, proteolytically derived kinins and C5a stimulate immunoprotective Th1 responses via cross-talk between bradykinin B2 receptors (B2Rs) and C5aR. Awareness that TCTs invade cardiovascular cells in vitro via interdependent activation of B2R and endothelin receptors [endothelin A receptor (ETAR)/endothelin B receptor (ETBR)] led us to hypothesize that T. cruzi might reciprocally benefit from the formation of infection-associated edema via activation of kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Using intravital microscopy, here we first examined the functional interplay between mast cells (MCs) and the KKS by topically exposing the hamster cheek pouch (HCP) tissues to dextran sulfate (DXS), a potent "contact" activator of the KKS. Surprisingly, although DXS was inert for at least 30 min, a subtle MC-driven leakage resulted in factor XII (FXII)-dependent activation of the KKS, which then amplified inflammation via generation of bradykinin (BK). Guided by this mechanistic insight, we next exposed TCTs to "leaky" HCP-forged by low dose histamine application-and found that the proinflammatory phenotype of TCTs was boosted by BK generated via the MC/KKS pathway. Measurements of footpad edema in MC-deficient mice linked TCT-evoked inflammation to MC degranulation (upstream) and FXII-mediated generation of BK (downstream). We then inoculated TCTs intracardiacally in mice and found a striking decrease of parasite DNA (quantitative polymerase chain reaction; 3 d.p.i.) in the heart of MC-deficient mutant mice. Moreover, the intracardiac parasite load was significantly reduced in WT mice pretreated with (i) cromoglycate (MC stabilizer) (ii) infestin-4, a specific inhibitor of FXIIa (iii) HOE-140 (specific antagonist of B2R), and (iv) bosentan, a non-selective antagonist of ETAR/ETBR. Notably, histopathology of heart tissues from mice pretreated with these G protein-coupled receptors blockers revealed that myocarditis and heart fibrosis (30 d.p.i.) was markedly and redundantly attenuated. Collectively, our study suggests that inflammatory edema propagated via activation of the MC/KKS pathway fuels intracardiac parasitism by generating infection-stimulatory peptides (BK and endothelins) in the edematous heart tissues.

Atualização das recomendações da prática quanto ao cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos / Updated practical recommendations for the peripherally inserted central catheter in newborns / Actualización de las recomendaciones de la práctica sobre el catéter central de inserción periférica en neonatos

Objetivo: discorrer sobre as recomendações para prática de enfermagem mais atuais no manejo de cateter central de inserção periférica (PICC) em recém-nascidos (RNs). Conteúdo: a assistência ao RN com PICC vem sofrendo diversas alterações em relação às formas de mensuração do tamanho do cateter a ser inserido e de visualização da veia a ser puncionada, aos fatores que influenciam a escolha do sítio de inserção, ao acompanhamento da migração do cateter, à confirmação da ponta do PICC e a outros cuidados de manutenção e remoção do dispositivo. Conclusão: houve uma grande evolução do conhecimento referente ao manejo do PICC na população neonatal, mas ainda existem lacunas de conhecimento a serem exploradas. Espera-se uma melhoria da assistência ao RN que receberá um PICC.

Objective: to discuss the most current recommendations for nursing practice in the management of the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in newborns (NBs). Content: care for NBs with PICCs has undergone several changes as regards measuring the size of the catheter to be inserted and visualizing the vein to be punctured, factors influencing choice of insertion site, monitoring for catheter migration, confirming PICC tip position, and other precautions for device maintenance and removal. Conclusion: knowledge of PICC management in newborns has advanced greatly, but still features gaps to be explored. Care for NBs who receive a PICC is expected to improve.

Objetivo: discutir las recomendaciones más actuales para la práctica de enfermería sobre el manejo de catéteres centrales de inserción periférica (PICC) en recién nacidos (RN). Contenido: la asistencia al RN con PICC ha sufrido varios cambios en relación con las formas de medir el tamaño del catéter a insertar y la visualización de la vena a puncionar, los factores que influyen en la elección del sitio de inserción, el seguimiento de la migración del catéter, la confirmación de la punta del PICC y otras precauciones de mantenimiento y extracción del dispositivo. Conclusión: ha habido una gran evolución del conocimiento sobre el manejo de PICC en la población neonatal, sin embargo, aún existen brechas de conocimiento por explorar. Se espera una mejora en la asistencia al RN que recibirá un PICC.