Spondylodiscitis due to Aerococcus urinae and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Aerococccus urinae (AU) is a pathogen mainly identified in male urinary tract infections and responsible for bacteremia and endocarditis. To the best of our knowledge, there are only five patients with osteomyelitis due to AU described in the literature. All of them had urinary tract disease or systemic conditions such as diabetes, and two were associated with an endocarditis. CASE REPORT: We described the first case of isolated spondylodiscitis without general or local predisposing condition, excepted age > 65 years.

Schnitzler Syndrome: Insights into Its Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Current Management.

Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by a chronic urticarial rash associated with immunoglobulin M (IgM) monoclonal gammopathy. Schnitzler syndrome shares strong clinicopathologic similarities with monogenic IL-1-mediated autoinflammatory disorders and is now considered an acquired adult-onset autoinflammatory disease. The spectacular effect of interleukin-1 inhibitors demonstrates the key role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. However, the physiopathology of Schnitzler syndrome remains elusive, and the main question regarding the relationship between autoinflammatory features and monoclonal gammopathy is still unanswered. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe what is currently known about the pathogenesis of this peculiar disease, as well as to address its diagnosis and management.

Neoadjuvant in Situ and Systemic Immunotherapy with Lymph Node Cryoablation in Resectable Stage III Melanoma Metastasis: a Proof-of-Concept Study.

PURPOSE: Complete lymph node dissection is the recommended treatment for clinically detectable lymph nodes in stage III melanoma. This surgery is associated with substantial morbidity. We hypothesize that combining percutaneous imaging-guided cryoablation of locoregional lymph nodes metastases with neoadjuvant in situ and systemic immunotherapy could allow disease control and evaluate the feasibility of this combination in this proof-of-concept study. METHODS: We enrolled 15 patients with stage IIIB/IIIC melanoma. Patients were treated as follows: a single 240 mg flat dose infusion of nivolumab on day 1, cryoablation under local anesthesia using CT on day 2, and a single intralesional injection of 10-20 mg of ipilimumab into the lymphadenopathy treated by cryotherapy on day 3. Five-eight weeks after this procedure, complete lymph node dissection was performed according to routine care. The primary outcome measure of this study was feasibility, measured as the number of failures (i.e., inability to complete the entire procedure). RESULTS: The procedure was carried out successfully in 15 out of 15 patients with an observed number of failures of 0. The Bayesian analysis showed an estimated failure rate of 4.2% [0.2-20.6]. Eight patients (53%) had adverse events secondary to either immunotherapy or cryotherapy. Grade 3/4 events occurred in three patients, but all resolved quickly and patients could proceed to surgery as scheduled. Eight patients (53%) had a pathological complete or near complete response. CONCLUSION: Combining percutaneous cryotherapy with in situ ipilimumab and systemic nivolumab for stage III resectable melanoma is feasible with tolerable toxicity.

Keratinocyte-derived cytokine TSLP promotes growth and metastasis of melanoma by regulating the tumor-associated immune microenvironment.

Malignant melanoma is a major public health issue displaying frequent resistance to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. A major challenge lies in better understanding how melanoma cells evade immune elimination and how tumor growth and metastasis is facilitated by the tumor microenvironment. Here, we show that expression of the cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by epidermal keratinocytes is induced by cutaneous melanoma in both mice and humans. Using genetically engineered models of melanoma and tumor cell grafting combined with TSLP-KO or overexpression, we defined a crosstalk between melanoma cells, keratinocytes, and immune cells in establishing a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Keratinocyte-derived TSLP is induced by signals derived from melanoma cells and subsequently acts via immune cells to promote melanoma progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we show that TSLP signals through TSLP receptor-expressing (TSLPR-expressing) DCs to play an unrecognized role in promoting GATA3+ Tregs expressing a gene signature including ST2, CCR8, ICOS, PD-1, CTLA-4, and OX40 and exhibiting a potent suppressive activity on CD8+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. An analogous population of GATA3-expressing Tregs was also identified in human melanoma tumors. Our study provides insights into the role of TSLP in programming a protumoral immune microenvironment in cutaneous melanoma.