RESUMEN
Penicillin therapy has considerably reduced the occurrence of serious late complications of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. However, treatment failure with this antibiotic is currently reported in up to 30% of the cases. Beta-lactamase production by the commensal flora of the tonsils, and poor compliance of patients have been implicated as the main causes of treatment failure. Cefetamet pivoxil is a new oral cephalosporin with a twice daily dosage and striking stability against beta-lactamases. We are conducting a prospective, randomized study in 120 children, comparing the efficacy of cefetamet pivoxil 10 mg/kg bid for 5 and 10 days and phenoxymethyl penicillin 25,000 U/kg tid for 10 days in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngotonsillitis. Children are enrolled after the positive culture of a throat swab and randomly assigned to one of the three groups. A follow-up check-up is performed at the end of the therapy (clinical check-up) and 3 to 5 days later (bacteriological check-up). The preliminary analysis of 55 cases shows that in 88.9%, 100% and 87.5% of children GABHS was eradicated by 5 days or 10 days of cefetamet pivoxil, or 10 days of penicillin respectively (p = NS). Side effect were mild and transient in cefetamet pivoxil-treated patients, but required cessation of treatment in 2 children treated with penicillin. These results suggest that cefetamet pivoxil therapy for 5 days eradicates GABHS from the throat in streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis as efficiently as cefetamet pivoxil or phenoxymethyl penicillin for 10 days.