Associations between bullying and risk for eating disorders in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the associations between bullying participation profiles (victims, bullies, and bully-victims) and the risk for eating disorders in adolescents. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students, aged 10 to 18 years. Data were collected through the application of the Peer Victimization and Aggression Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test, and were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: the risk for eating disorders was higher for the victim profile, both for boys and girls. For both sexes, physical victimization, verbal victimization, and relational victimization were significantly associated with variables related to the risk for eating disorders. For boys, there were also significant associations related to aggression. CONCLUSIONS: student victims, especially boys, are more vulnerable to the consequences of bullying in relation to the risk for eating disorders.

Virtual reality as a telerehabilitation strategy for people with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 quarantine scenario: physical activity, motor performance and enjoyment.

PURPOSE: People with autism spectrum disorder could benefit from physical activity during the pandemic and COVID-19 restrictions, mainly to maintain adequate physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility, enjoyment, and potential effect of telerehabilitation using a serious game named 'MoveHero'. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Registered in Clinical Trials (NCT04402034). We adopted a remotely run Telerehabilitation research design with 44 participants recruited: 22 People with ASD people and 22 non-ASD individuals. RESULTS: All participants safely participated, 100% adherence to sessions, ∼60% enjoying the task, and significantly improved performance, with better performance for the NA group at most practice moments. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support both how to implement a gaming intervention and the need to investigate the efficacy of serious games to motivate moderate intensity physical activity in people with ASD.

A new and thrilling way to promote physical activity is through telerehabilitation to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.A tool that can possibly influence the mood of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Help to implement home-based rehabilitation to people with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Class III and IV Heart Failure.

The effects of inspiratory muscle training on functional capacity and quality of life in functional class III and IV heart failure patients were evaluated. The inspiratory muscle training protocol was applied to 20 patients with heart disease, over a period of 6 weeks, 3 times a week, for 30 minutes, with a load of 40% of the maximum inspiratory pressure and 5 sets of 10 repetitions, with an interval of 1-2 minutes. The Minnesota Quality of Life Questionnaire, the 6-minute walk test, vital data and manovacuometry (pre- and post-intervention) were used. Pre- and post-test comparisons revealed significant differences in the 6-minute walk test, heart rate, respiratory rate, Borg scale, respiratory muscle strength, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and an increase in quality of life was also observed (P < 0.01). Inspiratory muscle training improved functional capacity and quality of life, suggesting that inspiratory muscle training should be included in Class III and IV cardiac rehabilitation.

Maternal and neonatal variables associated with premature birth and low birth weight in a tertiary hospital in Ecuador.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the maternal and neonatal factors associated with premature birth and low birth weight in an Ecuadorian tertiary hospital. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The Calderón General Teaching Hospital (CGTH). Maternal and delivery characteristics were obtained from medical records. PARTICIPANTS: All live births from April 2017 to October 2020 were considered as the source population. FINDINGS: The study included 13,407 reported births. The proportion of low birth weight neonates was 12.4%. The frequencies of neonates with gestational ages of less than 34 and from 34 to 37 weeks were 1.8% and 8.8%, respectively. According to INTERGROWTH-21st standards, 14% and 5.5% of the neonates were classified as small- (<10th centile) and large-for-gestational-age (>90th centile), respectively. A higher proportion of low birth weight was observed among newborns of illiterate mothers, younger mothers, and with gestational hypertension. The proportion of small-for-gestational-age infants was lower among younger mothers, while large-for-gestational-age infants were more frequent among older mothers. Maternal obesity (proportion ratio [PR] 2.80, 95%CI 1.69 - 4.64), and gestational diabetes (PR 3.24, 95%CI 2.12 - 4.96) were associated with an increased percentage of large-for-gestational-age births. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The proportion of low birth weight in Calderón General Teaching Hospital is large compared to those found in studies conducted in Latin America, and the preterm birth rate is close to that estimated in less developed countries. Despite the advances in maternal and child health observed in Ecuador, the present study shows that interventions are still needed in this population.

Attributable fraction of congenital syphilis due to the lack of prenatal care.

INTRODUCTION: Although congenital syphilis is preventable, its incidence has increased in Brazil. METHODS: In this ecological study, a Bayesian spatio-temporal model was used to estimate the attributable fraction of congenital syphilis cases due to the lack of prenatal care recorded between 2010 and 2015 in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. RESULTS: For the year 2016, it was estimated that between 79.4% and 95.3% of the congenital syphilis cases among women who did not have prenatal care could have been prevented. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of congenital syphilis cases can be prevented if prenatal care coverage is expanded.

The Influence of Light Exposure in Ambiance during Pregnancy in Maternal and Fetal Outcomes: An Experimental Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to different environmental lighting conditions affects the reproductive parameters of pregnant mice and the development of their offspring. METHODS: Fifteen pregnant albino mice were divided into three groups: light/dark, light, and dark. The animals were euthanized on day 18 of pregnancy following the Brazilian Good Practice Guide for Euthanasia of Animals. Maternal and fetal specimens were measured and collected for histological evaluation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparison of the groups considering p ≤ 0.05 to be statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the maternal variables between the three groups. Regarding fetal variables, significant differences were observed in the anthropometric measures between the groups exposed to different environmental lighting conditions, with the highest mean values in the light group. The histological evaluation showed the same structural pattern of the placenta in all groups, which was within the normal range. However, evaluation of the uterus revealed a discrete to moderate number of endometrial glands in the light/dark and light groups, which were poorly developed in most animals. In the fetuses, pulmonary analysis revealed morphological features consistent with the transition from the canalicular to the saccular phase in all groups. CONCLUSION: Exposure to different environmental lighting conditions had no influence on the reproductive parameters of female mice, while the offspring of mothers exposed to light for 24 hours exhibited better morphometric features.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a exposição a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente afeta parâmetros reprodutivos de camundongos fêmeas prenhas e o desenvolvimento de sua prole. MéTODOS: Foram selecionados para o estudo 15 camundongos fêmeas albinas prenhas. Os camundongos foram separados em grupos: luz/escuro, luz e escuro. As fêmeas foram eutanasiadas no 18° dia de gestação, seguindo as recomendações do Guia Brasileiro de Boas Práticas para a Eutanásia de animais. Tanto peças maternas como fetais foram mensuradas e coletadas para avaliação histológica. Foi utilizado o teste de Análise de variantes (Anova) para comparação dos grupos, considerando estatisticamente significativo o valor de p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Ao comparar as variáveis maternas entre os três grupos, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa. Em relação às variáveis fetais, houve diferenças estatísticas entre as medidas de antropometria dos grupos submetidos a diferentes luminosidades do ambiente, com melhores valores médios no grupo luz. Histologicamente, a avaliação placentária evidenciou em todos os grupos o mesmo padrão estrutural, com todos dentro da normalidade. No entanto, a avaliação de úteros, tanto do grupo luz/escuro quanto do grupo luz, mostrou quantidade discreta a moderada de glândulas endometriais, com pouco desenvolvimento na maioria dos animais. Nos fetos, análise pulmonar evidenciou características morfológicas compatíveis com a transição da fase canalicular para sacular em todos os grupos. CONCLUSãO: As exposições a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente não influenciaram nos parâmetros reprodutivos das fêmeas, entretanto, a ninhada das mães que receberam luz em todo período apresentou melhores medidas morfométricas.

Daily Formative Assessment in Undergraduate Medical Training: construction and presentation of an instrument / Avaliação diária de atitudes e profissionalismo na Graduação Médica: apresentação de um instrumento

The objective is to present a daily attitudes and professionalism assessment instrument for medical students in theoretical-practical activities. The development of the instrument was based on the manuals of the program for student integration with the community, on the program's pedagogical project, and on the National Curricular Guidelines for Undergraduate Programs in Medicine, and was carried out by professors. These were consulted in weekly 50-minute meetings held between August and November 2016. At the end of the process, a version of the instrument was consolidated with five items and six descriptors to discriminate learning situations that enable competency-based assessment from the simplest to the most complex level. With the use of the instrument, points considered important in medical training in theoretical-practical activities cannot be overlooked (AU).

Objetiva-se apresentar um instrumento de avaliação diária de atitudes e profissionalismo para estudantes de Medicina em atividades teórico-práticas. A elaboração do instrumento foi baseada nos manuais do programa de integração do aluno com a comunidade, projeto pedagógico do curso e nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais da Graduação em Medicina, realizada por docentes. Os docentes foram consultados em reuniões com duração de 50 minutos, com periodicidade semanal, entre agosto e novembro de 2016. Ao final do processo foi consolidada uma versão do instrumento com cinco itens e seis descritores para discriminação de situações de aprendizagem que permitem a avaliação da competência de um nível mais simples até o mais complexo. Com a utilização do instrumento elaborado não se deixa de avaliar pontos considerados importantes para a formação médica em atividades teórico-prática (AU).

Associations between bullying and risk for eating disorders in adolescents / Asociaciones entre el acoso escolar y el riesgo de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes / Associações entre bullying e risco de transtornos alimentares em adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the associations between bullying participation profiles (victims, bullies, and bully-victims) and the risk for eating disorders in adolescents. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students, aged 10 to 18 years. Data were collected through the application of the Peer Victimization and Aggression Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test, and were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation. Results: the risk for eating disorders was higher for the victim profile, both for boys and girls. For both sexes, physical victimization, verbal victimization, and relational victimization were significantly associated with variables related to the risk for eating disorders. For boys, there were also significant associations related to aggression. Conclusions: student victims, especially boys, are more vulnerable to the consequences of bullying in relation to the risk for eating disorders.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las asociaciones entre los perfiles de participación en el acoso escolar (víctimas, agresores y víctimas-agresores) y el riesgo de trastornos alimentarios en adolescentes. Métodos: estudio transversal con 491 estudiantes de 10 a 18 años. Los datos se recopilaron mediante la aplicación de la Escala de Victimización y Agresión entre Pares y el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias, y se analizaron estadísticamente mediante análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: el riesgo de trastornos alimentarios fue mayor en el perfil de víctima, tanto en niños como en niñas. Tanto para ambos sexos, la victimización física, la victimización verbal y la victimización relacional se asociaron significativamente con variables relacionadas con el riesgo de trastornos alimentarios. En el caso de los niños, también se observaron asociaciones significativas relacionadas con la agresión. Conclusiones: los estudiantes que son víctimas, especialmente los niños, son más vulnerables a las consecuencias del acoso escolar en relación con el riesgo de trastornos alimentarios.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as associações entre o perfil de participação no bullying (vítimas, agressores e vítimas-agressoras) e o risco de transtornos alimentares em adolescentes. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 491 estudantes, com idades entre 10 e 18 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação da Escala de Vitimização e Agressão entre Pares e do Eating Attitudes Test, e foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de análises de variância (ANOVA) e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: o risco de transtornos alimentares foi maior para o perfil de vítima, tanto para meninos quanto para meninas. Para ambos os sexos, a vitimização física, a vitimização verbal e a vitimização relacional associaram-se significativamente às variáveis de risco de transtornos alimentares. Para os meninos, também houve associações significativas relacionadas à agressão. Conclusões: os estudantes vítimas, especialmente os meninos, são mais vulneráveis às consequências do bullying em relação ao risco de transtornos alimentares.

Correlations of Egen Klassifikation and Barthel Index scores with pulmonary function parameters in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the correlations obtained by using the Egen Klassifikation (EK) and Barthel Index (BI) functional scales and respiratory function parameters in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. METHODS: Spirometry, maximal respiratory pressures, and arterial blood gases were analyzed and graded according to the EK and BI scales in 26 patients. They were classified as high or low risk for introduction of noninvasive ventilation according to the respiratory function. RESULTS: The EK and BI scales significantly correlated with forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and maximal respiratory pressures. The worse the functional performance, the worse the respiratory measurements. The degree of correlation between the functional scales and each respiratory parameter was similar. An EK of 21 or higher predicted high risk for the introduction of noninvasive ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: EK and BI scales similarly correlated with the degree of respiratory involvement in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The EK scale was superior in detecting subjects with a higher risk for introduction of noninvasive ventilation.

[Validation of the EK functional motor scale in the Portuguese language]. / Validação da escala motora funcional EK para a língua portuguesa.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a Portuguese version of the EK scale (Egen Klassifikation), that was developed in Denmark for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy. METHODS: An English version of the EK scale was translated into the Portuguese language as spoken in Brazil. This scale was applied to 26 male patients (mean age = 12.7 +/- 4.0 years) with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Patients also answered questions of a Portuguese version of the Barthel index questionnaire, and had their right and left hand grip forces measured with a dynamometer. RESULTS: The mean total EK scale score was 8.1 +/- 7.3 and the Barthel index 54.0 +/- 26.2. The mean hand grip force was 12.7 +/- 17.2 % predicted for the right hand, and 14.6 +/- 19.8 % predicted for the left hand. The EK scale scores showed highly significant statistical correlations with age (r= 0.596, p= 0.0013), right hand grip force (r= -0.556, p= 0.0032), left hand grip force (r= -0.623, p=0.0007), and Barthel index (r= -0.928, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This translated Portuguese version of the EK scale is an adequate tool to be used for Brazilian Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.

[Influence of body position on the displacement of nasal prongs in preterm newborns receiving continuous positive airway pressure]. / Influência da posição corporal no deslocamento da pronga nasal em recém-nascido pré-termo em pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of body position on the displacement of nasal prongs in preterm infants. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, crossover study enrolled infants born at a mean gestational age of 29.7±2 weeks, birth weight of 1.353±280g and 2.9±2.2 days of life, submitted to continuous positive airway pressure by nasal prongs. The main outcome was the number of times that the nasal prongs were displaced following infant positioning in the following body positions: prone, right lateral, left lateral, and supine, according to a pre-established random order. Moreover, cardiorespiratory variables (respiratory rate, heart rate, and oxygen saturation) were evaluated for each body position. Data for each position were collected every 10 minutes, over a period of 60minutes. An occurrence was defined when the nasal prongs were displaced from the nostrils after 3 minutes in the desired position, requiring intervention of the examiner. RESULTS: Among the 16 studied infants, the occurrence of nasal prong displacement was only observed in the prone position (9 infants-56.2%) and in the left lateral position (2 infants-12.5%). The number of times that the prongs were displaced was 11 in the prone position (seven within the first 10minutes) and two in the left lateral position (one within the first 10minutes). No clinically significant changes were observed in the cardiorespiratory variables. CONCLUSIONS: Maintenance of the nasal prongs to provide adequate noninvasive respiratory support was harder in the prone position.

Lazer e qualidade de vida na percepção de indivíduos com lesão da medula espinal traumática / Leisure and quality of life in the perception of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury

Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as atividades de lazer e a percepção de qualidade de vida de indivíduos com lesão medular. Foi realizado um estudo analítico observacional (quali-quantitativo), com oito participantes. Foram aplicados o questionário sociodemográfico e o World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument ­ Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS-PD) e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados software MAXQDA e os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon (p<0,05). Observou-se significância estatística entre os domínios de QV da amostra total (p=0,017), entre os indivíduos com até 40 anos de idade (p=0,025) e entre os participantes com até 11 anos de lesão (p=0,002). A principal atividade de lazer identificada foi assistir televisão. Diante disso, pôde-se concluir que os indivíduos com lesão medular apresentaram uma boa QV, apesar de apresentarem restrição em suas atividades de lazer.

This study aimed to assess the QOL of individuals with spinal cord injury and to identify their leisure activities. An observational analytical study (qualiquantitative) was carried out, with 8 participants. The socio demographic questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument - Physical Disabilities (WHOQOL-DIS-PD) were applied, in addition to a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, MAXQDA software and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p <0.05) were used. There was statistical significance between the QOL domains of the total sample (p = 0.017), between individuals up to 40 years of age (p = 0.025) and among participants with up to 11 years of injury (p = 0.002). The main leisure activity identified was watching television. Therefore, it could be concluded that individuals with spinal cord injury had a good QOL, despite having restrictions on their leisure activities.

Response of Preterm Infants to 2 Noninvasive Ventilatory Support Systems: Nasal CPAP and Nasal Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in preterm infants is currently applied using intermittent positive pressure (2 positive-pressure levels) or in a conventional manner (one pressure level). However, there are no studies in the literature comparing the chances of failure of these NIV methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of failure of 2 noninvasive ventilatory support systems in preterm neonates over a period of 48 h. METHODS: A randomized, prospective, clinical study was conducted on 80 newborns (gestational age < 37 weeks, birthweight < 2,500 g). The infants were randomized into 2 groups: 40 infants were treated with nasal CPAP and 40 infants with nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV). The occurrence of apnea, progression of respiratory distress, nose bleeding, and agitation was defined as ventilation failure. The need for intubation and re-intubation after failure was also observed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in birth characteristics between groups. Ventilatory support failure was observed in 25 (62.5%) newborns treated with nasal CPAP and in 12 (30%) newborns treated with NIPPV, indicating an association between NIV failure and the absence of intermittent positive pressure (odds ratio [OR] 1.22, P < .05). Apnea (32.5%) was the main reason for nasal CPAP failure. After failure, 25% (OR 0.33) of the newborns receiving nasal CPAP and 12.5% (OR 0.14) receiving NIPPV required invasive mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Ventilatory support failure was significantly more frequent when nasal CPAP was used.

Attributable fraction of congenital syphilis due to the lack of prenatal care

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Although congenital syphilis is preventable, its incidence has increased in Brazil. METHODS: In this ecological study, a Bayesian spatio-temporal model was used to estimate the attributable fraction of congenital syphilis cases due to the lack of prenatal care recorded between 2010 and 2015 in the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. RESULTS: For the year 2016, it was estimated that between 79.4% and 95.3% of the congenital syphilis cases among women who did not have prenatal care could have been prevented. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of congenital syphilis cases can be prevented if prenatal care coverage is expanded.

O ambiente coletivo na educação infantil: a importância da recreação para o desenvolvimento integral da criança / The collective environment in early childhood education: The importance of recreation for the integral development of the child

Objetiva-se apresentar e discutir os resultados de um estudo de delineamento observacional, transversal e prospectivo que avaliou o ambiente coletivo educacional de crianças de idade entre 24 e 30 meses em centros educacionais infantis de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, por meio da Escala de Avaliação de Ambientes para Bebês e Crianças Pequenas-Revisada. Os resultados apontam que a qualidade do ambiente educacional avaliado não é satisfatória. Essa realidade indica um problema já que um ambiente coletivo infantil adequado é essencial para que a atividade de brincar possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento integral da criança, como preconiza a Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde. Conclui-se que diante de um ambiente educacional insatisfatório, é necessário um projeto de intervenção nesses centros educacionais que comtemple ações de promoção da saúde com atividades lúdicas orientadas por profissionais capacitados para garantir o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial de qualidade para as crianças.

The objective of this study was to present and discuss the results of an observational, cross-sectional and prospective study that evaluated the collective educational environment of children aged between 24 and 30 months in children's educational centers in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, through the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised. The results indicate that the quality of the educational environment evaluated is not satisfactory. This reality indicates a problem since a suitable children's collective environment is essential so that the activity of play can contribute to the integral development of the child, as advocated by the National Policy of Health Promotion. It is concluded that in the face of an unsatisfactory educational environment, it is necessary an intervention project in these educational centers that contemplate actions of health promotion with play activities oriented by professionals trained to guarantee the biopsychosocial development of quality for the children.

O ambiente coletivo na educação infantil: a importância da recreação para o desenvolvimento integral da criança / The collective environment in early childhood education: The importance of recreation for the integral development of the child

Objetiva-se apresentar e discutir os resultados de um estudo de delineamento observacional, transversal e prospectivo que avaliou o ambiente coletivo educacional de crianças de idade entre 24 e 30 meses em centros educacionais infantis de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais, por meio da Escala de Avaliação de Ambientes para Bebês e Crianças Pequenas-Revisada. Os resultados apontam que a qualidade do ambiente educacional avaliado não é satisfatória. Essa realidade indica um problema já que um ambiente coletivo infantil adequado é essencial para que a atividade de brincar possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento integral da criança, como preconiza a Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde. Conclui-se que diante de um ambiente educacional insatisfatório, é necessário um projeto de intervenção nesses centros educacionais que comtemple ações de promoção da saúde com atividades lúdicas orientadas por profissionais capacitados para garantir o desenvolvimento biopsicossocial de qualidade para as crianças.

The objective of this study was to present and discuss the results of an observational, cross-sectional and prospective study that evaluated the collective educational environment of children aged between 24 and 30 months in children's educational centers in a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, through the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised. The results indicate that the quality of the educational environment evaluated is not satisfactory. This reality indicates a problem since a suitable children's collective environment is essential so that the activity of play can contribute to the integral development of the child, as advocated by the National Policy of Health Promotion. It is concluded that in the face of an unsatisfactory educational environment, it is necessary an intervention project in these educational centers that contemplate actions of health promotion with play activities oriented by professionals trained to guarantee the biopsychosocial development of quality for the children.

The influence of light exposure in ambiance during pregnancy in maternal and fetal outcomes: an experimental study / Influência da exposição da luz do ambiente no período gestacional e o resultado fetal: um estudo experimental

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate whether exposure to different environmental lighting conditions affects the reproductive parameters of pregnant mice and the development of their offspring. Methods Fifteen pregnant albino mice were divided into three groups: light/dark, light, and dark. The animalswere euthanized on day 18 of pregnancy following the Brazilian Good Practice Guide for Euthanasia of Animals.Maternal and fetal specimens weremeasured and collected for histological evaluation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for comparison of the groups considering p ≤ 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results There was no significant difference in the maternal variables between the three groups. Regarding fetal variables, significant differences were observed in the anthropometric measures between the groups exposed to different environmental lighting conditions, with the highest mean values in the light group. The histological evaluation showed the same structural pattern of the placenta in all groups, which was within the normal range. However, evaluation of the uterus revealed a discrete to moderate number of endometrial glands in the light/dark and light groups, which were poorly developed in most animals. In the fetuses, pulmonary analysis revealed morphological features consistent with the transition from the canalicular to the saccular phase in all groups. Conclusion Exposure to different environmental lighting conditions had no influence on the reproductive parameters of female mice, while the offspring of mothers exposed to light for 24 hours exhibited better morphometric features.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar se a exposição a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente afeta parâmetros reprodutivos de camundongos fêmeas prenhas e o desenvolvimento de sua prole. Métodos Foram selecionados para o estudo 15 camundongos fêmeas albinas prenhas. Os camundongos foram separados em grupos: luz/escuro, luz e escuro. As fêmeas foram eutanasiadas no 18° dia de gestação, seguindo as recomendações do Guia Brasileiro de Boas Práticas para a Eutanásia de animais. Tanto peças maternas como fetais foram mensuradas e coletadas para avaliação histológica. Foi utilizado o teste de Análise de variantes (Anova) para comparação dos grupos, considerando estatisticamente significativo o valor de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Ao comparar as variáveis maternas entre os três grupos, não foi encontrada diferença estatística significativa. Em relação às variáveis fetais, houve diferenças estatísticas entre as medidas de antropometria dos grupos submetidos a diferentes luminosidades do ambiente, com melhores valores médios no grupo luz. Histologicamente, a avaliação placentária evidenciou em todos os grupos o mesmo padrão estrutural, com todos dentro da normalidade. No entanto, a avaliação de úteros, tanto do grupo luz/escuro quanto do grupo luz,mostrou quantidade discreta amoderada de glândulas endometriais, com pouco desenvolvimento na maioria dos animais. Nos fetos, análise pulmonar evidenciou características morfológicas compatíveis com a transição da fase canalicular para sacular em todos os grupos. Conclusão As exposições a diferentes luminosidades no ambiente não influenciaram nos parâmetros reprodutivos das fêmeas, entretanto, a ninhada das mães que receberam luz em todo período apresentou melhores medidas morfométricas.

Incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e os agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva no interior de São Paulo / Incidence of mechanical ventilator-associated pneumonia and the most prevalent etiological agents in an intensive care unit in the interior of São Paulo / Incidencia de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica y los agentes etiológicos más prevalentes en una unidad de terapia intensiva en el interior de São Paulo

Justificativa e Objetivos: Analisar a taxa e densidade de incidência da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e os agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes na cultura de secreção traqueal em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de 1 janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2014, a partir dos dados referentes às taxas e densidade de incidência da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e aos microrganismos isolados em cultura de secreção traqueal de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto em um período de 12 meses. Resultados: A taxa anual da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica teve uma média de 5,5%, com as maiores taxas nos meses do segundo semestre. O valor médio da densidade de incidência encontrado foi de 17,97 pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica/1.000 pacientes-dia em ventilação mecânica. Foram identificados nove microrganismos isolados nas culturas de secreção traqueal. Os patógenos mais prevalentes identificados neste estudo foram Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusão: A taxa e a densidade de incidência da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica apresentaram aumento não esperado em três meses consecutivos no período do estudo. A vigilância em tempo real e a detecção de oscilações da incidência de infecção devem ser valorizadas para ajustes nas estratégias setoriais para promover a proteção à saúde dos indivíduos em tratamento.(AU)

Background and Objectives: To assess the rate and incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia and to identify the most common etiological agents in the culture of tracheal secretion in an adult intensive care unit. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study with a quantitative approach, carried out from January 1st to December 31st, 2014, based on data on rates and incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia and isolated microorganisms found in tracheal secretion culture of patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit in a 12-month period. Results: The mean annual rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was 5.5% and higher rates were found in the second semester. The mean incidence density was 17.97 ventilator-associated pneumonia/1000 patient-days on mechanical ventilation. Nine microorganisms isolated from tracheal secretion culture were identified. The most prevalent pathogens identified in this study were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: The rate and incidence density of ventilator- -associated pneumonia showed a non-expected increase each month for 3 months in a row during the study period. Real time surveillance and incidence oscillation must be valued to adjust sectoral strategies to protect the health of individuals undergoing treatment.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: Analizar tasa y densidad de incidencia de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica y los agentes etiológicos más prevalentes en el cultivo de secreción traqueal en una unidad de terapia intensiva para adultos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo y enfoque cuantitativo, realizado del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2014, basado en datos sobre las tasas de incidencia y densidad de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica y a los microorganismos aislados en cultivo de secreción traqueal de pacientes internados en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva para adultos en un período de 12 meses. Resultados: La tasa anual de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica tuvo un promedio de 5,5%, las tasas más altas fueron con aumento progresivo en el segundo semestre. El valor promedio de la densidad de incidencia de neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica fue de 17,97/1000 pacientes-día en ventilación mecánica. Se identificaron nueve microorganismos aislados en los cultivos de secreción traqueal. Los patógenos más prevalentes identificados en este estudio fueron Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusiones: La tasa y la densidad de incidencia de la neumonía asociada a la ventilación mecánica mostró un aumento inesperado en tres meses consecutivos en el período de estudio, la vigilancia en tiempo real y la detección de oscilaciones de la incidencia de infección deben valorarse para los ajustes en las estrategias sectoriales deberán ser ajustadas para promover la protección a la salud de los individuos en tratamiento.(AU)

Relação entre índice de massa corporal e a funcionalidade/incapacidade de mulheres obesas / Relationship between body mass index and the functionality/disability of obese women

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de mulheres com obesidade tipo I e II com os domínios "Funções do Corpo" e "Atividades e Participação", que compõe o core set resumido da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) desenvolvido para obesidade. Participaram do estudo 72 mulheres, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos. O IMC foi determinado e, em seguida, utilizou-se o core set. Os resultados demonstram que o IMC não se relacionou com o escore de "Funções do Corpo" independentemente do tipo de obesidade, contudo, em mulheres obesas do tipo II, o IMC se correlacionou significativamente e positivamente com o escore de "Atividade e Participação" (r = 0,51; p = 0,002). A análise intergrupos demonstrou diferença significativa entre as obesas do tipo I (1,75 ± 0,23 pontos) e II (3,00 ± 0,23 pontos) no que se refere ao escore de "Atividades e Participação" (p = 0,013). Os achados demonstram que o grau de obesidade está relacionado com maiores índices de limitação/restrição funcional, o que pode direcionar a tomada de decisão clínica no que tange ações de prevenção, promoção e recuperação da saúde. (AU)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) of women with type I and II obesity with the "Functions of the Body" and "Activities and Participation" domains, which compose the core set summarized from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (CIF) developed for obesity. 72 women, aged between 20 and 40, participated in the study. The BMI was determined and then the core set was used. The results showed that BMI was not related to the "Body Functions" score regardless of the obesity type; however, in type II obese women, the BMI correlated significantly and positively with the "Activity and Participation" (r = 0.51, p = 0.002). The intergroup analysis showed a significant difference between type I (1.75 ± 0.23 points) and II (3.00 ± 0.23 points) with respect to the "Activities and Participation" score (p = 0.013 ). The findings show that the degree of obesity is related to higher functional limitation/restriction indexes, which may lead to clinical decisionmaking regarding prevention, promotion and recovery of health. (AU)

Perfil de jovens universitários e as suas perceções face à maternidade e paternidade / Profile of young university students and their perceptions of motherhood and fatherhood / Perfil de los jóvenes universitarios y su percepción de la maternidad y la paternidad

Enquadramento: É necessário refletir sobre os significados sociais, culturais, educacionais e simbólicos da experiência da maternidade e paternidade entre jovens e saber quais são as suas preocupações, desafios, ansiedades e medos. Objetivo: Analisar as perceções de universitários acerca da maternidade e paternidade. Metodologia: Pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória. Utilizou-se um questionário sobre maternidade e paternidade como instrumento de colheita de dados. Os dados foram analisados com recurso ao software IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 24.0. Resultado: Foram aplicados 389 questionários, ao analisá-los, as questões relacionadas a aspetos económicos são a principal preocupação dos estudantes, 93,2% e estes são indiferentes ao apoio institucional oferecido durante o período de graduação. Quanto aos aspetos da maternidade e paternidade que preocupam estes estudantes, quando relacionados com o sexo do participante, tiveram resultados significativos os fatores económicos (p = 0,090) e o seu desenvolvimento pessoal ou profissional (p = 0,020). As demais correlações não foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusão: Nota-se uma necessidade de articulação entre diversos setores envolvidos na maternidade e paternidade a fim de educar e empoderar os universitários para estratégias de planeamento como fator de proteção à saúde.

Background: It is necessary to reflect on the social, cultural, educational, and symbolic meanings of the experience of motherhood and fatherhood among young people and to know their concerns, challenges, anxieties, and fears. Objective: To analyze young university students' perceptions of motherhood and fatherhood. Methodology: Quantitative, exploratory research. Data were collected using a questionnaire on motherhood and fatherhood and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0. Results: A total of 389 questionnaires were applied. The analysis showed that students are mainly concerned with the economic issues (93.2%) and indifferent to the institutional support offered during their undergraduate studies. With regard to the most worrying aspects of motherhood and fatherhood, statistically significant associations were found between gender and economic factors (p = 0.090) and personal or professional development (p = 0.020). No other statistically significant associations were found. Conclusion: There is a need for coordination among the various sectors involved in motherhood and fatherhood in order to educate and empower university students for planning strategies as a health protection factor.

Es necesario reflexionar sobre los significados sociales, culturales, educativos y simbólicos de la experiencia de la maternidad y paternidad entre los jóvenes y conocer cuáles son sus preocupaciones, desafíos, ansiedades y temores. Objetivo: Analizar las percepciones de los estudiantes universitarios sobre la maternidad y la paternidad. Metodología: Investigación cuantitativa y exploratoria. Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre la maternidad y paternidad como instrumento para la recopilación de datos. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 24.0. Resultados: Se aplicaron un total de 389 cuestionarios y, al analizarlos, las preguntas relacionadas con los factores económicos son la principal preocupación de los estudiantes (el 93,2%) y se muestran indiferentes en cuanto al apoyo institucional ofrecido durante el periodo de graduación. En cuanto a los aspectos de la maternidad y paternidad que preocupan a los estudiantes, cuando se relacionan con el género del participante, los factores económicos (p = 0,090) y su desarrollo personal o profesional (p = 0,020) tuvieron resultados significativos. Las otras correlaciones no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión: Es necesaria la coordinación entre los diversos sectores involucrados en la maternidad y la paternidad para educar y empoderar a los estudiantes universitarios en la planificación de estrategias como factor de protección de la salud.