Factors associated with dental caries, periodontitis and intra-oral lesions in individuals with HIV / AIDS.

This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with oral diseases in individuals with HIV/AIDS. A cross sectional study was carried out which included 312 individuals registered in the Specialized Care Services for HIV/AIDS in three municipalities of the State of Bahia: Feira de Santana, Santo Antonio de Jesus and Juazeiro, Brazil. Socioeconomic-demographic characteristics related to life style and to dental caries, periodontitis and intra-oral mucosal lesions were investigated in patients with HIV/AIDS infection. Prevalence Ratio with 95% Confidence Interval and significance level of 5% were employed for the statistical analysis. The majority of the individuals evaluated were male with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 41.5 ± 11.3 years, and a mean time of HIV infection diagnosis (± standard deviation) of 5.2 ± 4.4 years. The presence of dental caries was observed in 78.7% of the sample, periodontitis in 25.4% and 36.2% showed intra-oral lesions. Oral health status showed a statistically significant association with the following variables: gender, age, schooling level, current occupation, family income, past and current smoking, antiretroviral use time, latest viral burden dosage, latest CD4-positive T lymphocyte count, use of complete/partial dental prosthesis, need for dental prosthesis, and use of dental floss. With the exception of those factors directly related to HIV/AIDS i.e., antiretroviral use time, latest viral burden dosage and latest CD4-positive T lymphocyte count, the factors associated with oral diseases in this population were the same as those associated with oral diseases in the non-HIV/AIDS population.

Gingival fenestration defect treated with gingivectomy and gingivoplasty: A case report with an 8-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Gingival fenestration (GF) is scarcely reported in the literature. We present a unique case of GF defect combined with gingivitis and altered passive eruption (APE). CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-year-old female patient with gingivitis, APE, and GF in the mandibular left central incisor presented for periodontal treatment. The gingival lesion was successfully treated with basic periodontal therapy gingivectomy, and gingivoplasty and resulted in an excellent aesthetic long-term outcome. This case report shows its 8-year clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION: There are no earlier reports dealing with the use of gingivoplasty for the treatment of GF, as it is not the usual therapeutic intervention for these defects. Gingivoplasty proved to be effective in treating GF. Why is this case new information? Available literature on gingival fenestration defects does not describe gingivectomy and gingivoplasty as a treatment of choice. Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty proved to be effective in treating gingival fenestration defects. What are the keys to successful management of this case? Proper diagnosis. What are the primary limitations to success in this case? Gingival fenestration has been defined when the overlying gingiva is denuded, exposing the root to the oral cavity. However, in this case report, only the crown was exposed because the patient had altered passive eruption.