RESUMEN
The tumor suppressor gene TP53 and its regulator MDM2 are both important players in the DNA-damage repair "TP53 response pathway". Common germline polymorphisms in these genes may affect outcome in patients with tumors characterized by additional somatic changes in the same or a related pathway. To evaluate this hypothesis, we determined the effect of the common germline TP53 R72P and MDM2 SNP309 polymorphisms on breast cancer survival in a consecutive cohort of breast cancer patients (age at diagnosis <53 years, n = 295) with gene expression data available. Patients were classified in subgroups according to their tumor TP53 mutation status and three gene expression profiles; a TP53 mutation status expression signature, a PTEN/PI3K pathway signature and the 70-gene prognosis profile. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models adjusting for clinico-pathological characteristics and treatment. An increase in breast cancer-specific mortality was observed for carriers of the germline MDM2 SNP309 rare GG-genotype (range hazard ratios: 2-3) or TP53 R72P heterozygous GC-genotype (range hazard ratios: 1-2) compared to those having the common genotypes within subgroups of tumors displaying a "more aggressive phenotype" gene expression profile. There was no evidence of such an effect on survival within the TP53-mutated tumor group for TP53 R72P carriers but a suggestion of an effect for MDM2 SNP309 carriers (GG vs. TT-genotype HR 2.99, P = 0.06). These results indicate that common polymorphisms in specific pathways may add to the worse prognosis of patients with tumors in which these pathways are affected by somatic alterations.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/genética , Mutación de Línea Germinal , Mutación Missense , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/mortalidad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Genes Relacionados con las Neoplasias , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismoRESUMEN
TRPM7 encodes a Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channel with kinase activity. TRPM7 has been implicated in control of cell adhesion and migration, but whether TRPM7 activity contributes to cancer progression has not been established. Here we report that high levels of TRPM7 expression independently predict poor outcome in breast cancer patients and that it is functionally required for metastasis formation in a mouse xenograft model of human breast cancer. Mechanistic investigation revealed that TRPM7 regulated myosin II-based cellular tension, thereby modifying focal adhesion number, cell-cell adhesion and polarized cell movement. Our findings therefore suggest that TRPM7 is part of a mechanosensory complex adopted by cancer cells to drive metastasis formation.