RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A promising recent strategy for haploidentical transplantation is the depletion of T lymphocytes based on the selective elimination of T cells by manipulation, which enables a very low incidence of nonrelapse mortality and graft-vs-host disease. It is more expensive than conventional unmanipulated methods and requires dedicated transplant centers and sufficient stem cell processing facilities. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relapse, survival, and clinical data of the patients and to analyze the outcomes of the technique. METHODS: The study included 56 adult patients who underwent haploidentical stem cell transplantation via αß T-cell depletion. RESULTS: The median age of the patients at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 41.5 years (range, 20-70 years); 22 patients (39.3%) were women. After the transplantation, half of the patients (50.0%) needed immunosuppressive drugs, and 17.9% of the patients experienced a post-transplant relapse. The mortality rate was 55.4%, and nonrelapse mortality was 25.0%. The 100-day mortality rate was 19.6%. The median overall days was 1101 days (142-3813 days), whereas the median progression-free overall was 302.5 days (11-2479 days). Being older (age >40), having hypertension, having acute liver graft-vs-host disease, and having systemic fungal infection were found as risk factors that significantly increased mortality (with 3.5-, 2.8-, 3.7-, and 2.7-fold increases, respectively). CONCLUSION: To conclude, T-cell-depleted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective and reliable technique that has the potential to decrease morbidity and improve relapse-free survival, especially for young patients requiring haploidentical donor transplantation for hematologic malignancy.