Association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia in Chinese Han women: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Association between pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) and hyperuricemia has not yet been investigated in population. This study aimed to examine the association in Chinese Han women. METHODS: We measured plasma proANP, serum uric acid, and other traditional biomarkers in 1360 women older than 30 years residing in the Gusu district of Suzhou City. Association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia was analyzed in women aged ≥45 years and those aged <45 years, respectively. RESULTS: In women aged ≥45 years, the odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of hyperuricemia with high proANP (over the median) was 0.57 (0.34-0.97) compared to those with low proANP (p=0.040). After adjustment for age and other potential covariates, a high plasma proANP was associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia in women aged ≥45 years (OR 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19-0.84), when the highest and lowest categories were compared. In contrast, there was no association between plasma proANP and hyperuricemia in women aged <45 years. We did not observe a significant interaction between age and proANP (pinteraction=0.113). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these age-specific findings. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma proANP was significantly and inversely associated with hyperuricemia in Chinese Han women aged ≥45 years. This study suggests that an increased plasma proANP should be a protective factor of hyperuricemia among middle-aged and old women.

Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a first-morning void urine and prehypertension among Chinese Han women.

BACKGROUND: This study was operated to investigate the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and prehypertension among Chinese Han women. METHODS: Information on blood pressure measurement and other variables were obtained, and blood and urine samples collected in 1796 women aged ≥30 years. The association between urinary ACR and prehypertension were analyzed by using multivariate non-conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Average urinary ACR was higher in hypertensives than in prehypertensives (median: 15.54 vs 9.01 mg/g), and in prehypertensives than in normotensives (median: 9.01 vs 7.13 mg/g). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with urinary ACR. Compared with the lowest quartile of urinary ACR, multivariate adjusted odds ratios of prehypertension were 1.25 (95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.78), 1.95 (1.30-2.92) and 1.59 (1.02-2.48) for the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. After exclusion of subjects with diabetes or use of antihypertensive medication, the odds ratio of prehypertension still increased with urinary ACR levels. CONCLUSION: Increased urinary ACR was significantly and positively associated with prehypertension among Chinese Han women.

Predictive value of serum soluble corin in the risk of hyperglycemia: A population-based prospective cohort study in China.

BACKGROUND: Serum soluble corin has been suggested to be associated with hyperglycemia by cross-sectional study. However, the prospective relationship between them remains unclear, and whether lipid component influences the relationship between them has not yet been studied. METHODS: A total of 1961 participants who were free from hyperglycemia were enrolled at baseline in 2010. The serum soluble corin concentrations were measured at baseline and all participants were followed up for hyperglycemia in 2014. RESULTS: The association between serum soluble corin and hyperglycemia incidence was appreciably modified by high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (Pinteraction = 0.04). Elevated serum soluble corin was associated with the risk of hyperglycemia only in the HDL-C ≥1.04 mmol/l subgroup rather than all participants. In participants with HDL-C ≥1.04 mmol/l, the adjusted odds ratio (95% CU) of hyperglycemia associated with the fourth quartiles of corin was 1.78 (1.08-2.94) compared with the lowest quartile of serum soluble corin, and there was a positive linear dose-response relationship between them (P for linearity <0.01). The ordinal analysis showed an association between serum soluble corin and hyperglycemia severity (adjusted OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.10-2.99; Ptrend = 0.02, when 2 extreme quartiles were compared). The addition of serum soluble corin to conventional risk factors improved risk prediction for hyperglycemia (net reclassification index: 0.16; integrated discrimination improvement: 0.01) in participants with HDL-C ≥1.04 mmol/l. CONCLUSION: Serum soluble corin might be a valuable biomarker in prediction of future hyperglycemia in population with HDL-C ≥1.04 mmol/l, suggesting that corin might play a potential role in glucose metabolism.

Plasma proANP1-98 levels are positively associated with central obesity: A cross-sectional study in a general population of China.

BACKGROUND: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its prohormone activating enzyme are associated with central obesity, suggesting there may be a potential relationship between proANP1-98 and central obesity. However, the association is still lack of population-based evidence. We explored the association in a general population of China. METHODS: We measured plasma proANP1-98, waist circumference and other traditional biomarkers in 2203 participants aged≥30y. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between plasma proANP1-98 and central obesity, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: High proANP1-98 was significantly associated with increased risk of central obesity in participants, and the multivariate adjusted OR (95% CI) of central obesity associated with the second, third and fourth quartiles of proANP1-98 were 1.33 (1.03-1.72), 1.69 (1.31-2.19) and 1.76 (1.35-2.29), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile of proANP1-98. There was a dose-response relationship between proANP1-98 and risk of central obesity among the participants (Ptrend<0.001). Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these associations. Adding proANP1-98 to a model containing conventional risk factors improved discriminatory power of central obesity (as shown by significant improvement in continuous NRI and IDI). CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to known reduced ANP levels in central obesity, we found that plasma proANP1-98 was positively associated with central obesity, suggesting that elevated plasma proANP1-98 may be a marker or a risk factor for central obesity.

Association between serum soluble corin and hyperglycaemia: a cross-sectional study among Chinese adults.

OBJECTIVES: Decreased natriuretic peptides are risk factors for diabetes. As a physiological activator of natriuretic peptides, corin may play a role in glucose metabolism. Here, we aimed to test the hypothesis in a general population of China. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A population study in Suzhou, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2498 participants aged above 30 years were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: The association between serum soluble corin and hyperglycaemia was examined in men and women, using non-conditional logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS: Serum soluble corin, in men and women, was significantly higher in participants with hyperglycaemia than in those without (all p<0.001). OR of hyperglycaemia positively and significantly increased with serum soluble corin quartiles, in men (p for trend <0.001) and in women (p for trend=0.050), even after multivariate adjustment. Participants with a serum soluble corin, in men (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.23) and women (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.61), over the median level, were more likely to have hyperglycaemia compared with the remaining participants, after controlling for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperglycaemia was significantly and positively associated with increased serum soluble corin in men and women. Our findings suggest that serum soluble corin may be a risk factor or a biomarker of hyperglycaemia.

Association between serum soluble corin and obesity in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Corin has been suggested to be associated with obesity by cell- and animal-based studies. However, the association has not yet been studied in populations. Here, the aim was to explore the association in a general population of China. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Data on demographic information, lifestyle risk factors, and personal medical history were collected; body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressures were measured; and serum corin, blood lipids, and blood glucose were determined in 2498 participants aged above 30 years. RESULTS: Log-transformed corin correlated to body mass index (r = 0.197, P < 0.001) and waist circumference (r = 0.289, P < 0.001). In the risk factor-adjusted analysis, compared with participants in the lowest quartile of serum corin, participants in the 4th quartile had significantly increased risk of prevalent overweight or obesity (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.67-3.04) and central obesity (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.30-2.34). ORs of overweight or obesity and central obesity positively and significantly increased with serum corin levels (P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum soluble corin was significantly and positively associated with obesity. Our findings suggested that serum soluble corin may be a marker or risk factor for obesity.

Association Between High Serum Soluble Corin and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in a General Population of China.

BACKGROUND: Corin has been suggested to be associated with hypertension by cell- and animal-based studies. However, the association still lacks population-based evidence which critically promotes translation from basic research to clinical and preventive practice. Here, we aimed to explore the association in a general population of China. METHODS: From January to May 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 2,498 participants aged above 30 years, residing in Gusu district of Suzhou. Serum soluble corin and blood pressure were measured. RESULTS: Hypertensive participants had a higher level of serum corin than nonhypertensive participants (median (interquartile range): 1,836.83 (1,497.85-2,327.87) pg/ml vs. 1,579.14 (1,322.18-1,956.82) pg/ml, P < 0.001). Higher serum corin was positively associated with prevalent hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, P < 0.001). In the multiple analysis, participants in the third (OR = 1.43, P = 0.007) and fourth (OR = 1.96, P < 0.001) quartiles had significantly increased odds of hypertension compared to those in the lowest quartile of serum corin. ORs of hypertension positively and significantly increased with serum corin levels (P for trend <0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed that ORs of hypertension associated with high corin (over the median level of serum corin: 1,689.20 pg/ml) were still significant in subgroups by age, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that hypertensive participants had an increased serum corin level compared to those without hypertension. This finding suggests that corin may play a role in the pathology of hypertension.

Interaction of obesity and central obesity on elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

BACKGROUND: Microalbuminuria was much more common among obese individuals indicating a probable association with obesity. However, association of microalbuminuria with interaction between obesity and central obesity has not yet been studied. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a 2889 general population aged ≥ 30 years. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 and central obesity was defined as waist-to-hip ratio ≥ 0.85 for females and ≥ 0.90 for males. Both additive and multipliable interactions between obesity and central obesity on elevated urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were evaluated. RESULTS: After controlling for potential covariates, participants with both obesity and central obesity have significantly increased risk for elevated UACR (OR = 1.82 P<0.001) compared to those with neither. Additive interaction analysis indicated that about 43.9% of the risk of elevated UACR in participants with both obesity and central obesity was attributed to the interaction between obesity and central obesity (the attributable proportion because of the interaction: 0.439; 95% CI: 0.110-0.768). The multipliable interactive effect between obesity and central obesity on elevated UACR was not found significant (OR = 1.82, P = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria was significantly associated with the interaction between obesity and central obesity. Our results indicated that individuals with both obesity and central obesity should be intensively managed to prevent renal diseases.

Association between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated serum uric acid among middle-aged and elderly Chinese Han women.

BACKGROUND: Association between vitamin D insufficiency and hyperuricemia has not been reported so far. We aimed to study the association of vitamin D insufficiency with elevated serum uric acid among middle-aged and elderly Chinese Han women. METHODS: We collected data from participants residing in Jinchang district of Suzhou from January to May, 2010. Serum uric acid, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and other traditional biomarkers including fasting plasma glucose and blood lipids were determined in 1726 women aged above 30 years. Association between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated uric acid was analyzed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. RESULTS: Among postmenopausal women, 25-hydroxy vitamin D level of participants with elevated uric acid was lower than that of those with normal uric acid (median [interquartile range]: 35[28-57] vs 40[32-58], µg/L; P = 0.006). Elevated uric acid was more prevalent in participants with vitamin D insufficiency compared to those without vitamin D insufficiency (16.50% vs 8.08%; P<0.001). Association between vitamin D insufficiency and elevated uric acid was not significant among premenopausal women. However, participants with vitamin D insufficiency were more likely to have elevated uric acid compared with those without vitamin D insufficiency among postmenopausal women (OR, 95% CI: 2.38, 1.47-3.87). Moreover, after excluding individuals with diabetes and/or hypertension, the association of vitamin D insufficiency with elevated uric acid was still significant (OR, 95% CI: 2.48, 1.17-5.44). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D insufficiency was significantly associated with elevated uric acid among postmenopausal Chinese Han women. This study suggested that a clinical trial should be conducted to confirm the association of vitamin D insufficiency with hyperuricemia.

[Association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and prehypertension].

OBJECTIVE: This study was operated to investigate the association between urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and physical situations as hypertension and prehypertension among women. METHODS: Blood pressure, height, weight and waist circumference were measured and factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, family history of hypertension, were investigated. Blood glucose and lipid, serum uric acid, urinary albumin and urinary creatinine were tested on 1796 women aged ≥ 30 years living in the Jinchang district of Suzhou. Associations between UACR and hypertension as well as prehypertension were analyzed, by using ordinal multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS: The mean levels of UACR were 15.54 (7.67, 32.53), 9.01 (5.45, 18.06), 7.13 (4.60, 12.50) mg/g and the rates of higher UACR were 27.57%, 13.42%, 9.61% in hypertensive, pre-hypertensive and normotensive subjects, respectively, with significant differences noticed among the three groups (P < 0.05). The average systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure appeared to be 125.3/80.9, 128.8/82.7, 130.8/84.0 and 135.1/85.9 mm Hg for participants with UACR in the first, second, third and fourth quartile, respectively. The risks of prehypertension or hypertension increased with increasing UACR levels. Dose-response relationship was seen between UACR and risks of prehypertension or hypertension. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95%CI) of prehypertension or hypertension in the upper quartiles of UACR were 1.32 (1.02, 1.70), 1.72 (1.32, 2.24), and 2.37 (1.80, 3.11), respectively, when compared with the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION: Elevated UACR was associated with both hypertension and prehypertension among women.

Hyperuricemia and microalbuminuria are separately and independently associated with prehypertension among Chinese Han women.

BACKGROUND: Whether hyperuricemia and microalbuminuria are separately associated with prehypertension among Chinese Han women is controversial. METHODS: Information was collected from physical examinations, personal interviews, and blood and urine samples. Associations of hyperuricemia and microalbuminuria with hypertension and prehypertension were analyzed by using multivariate nonconditional logistic regression models in 1,773 women aged ≥30 years. RESULTS: Both average systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with uric acid and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio levels (all trend P values<0.001). When subjects with microalbuminuria or using antihypertensive medication were excluded, individuals with a uric acid level in the 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) quartiles of uric acid were more likely to have prehypertension than those with a uric acid level in the lowest quartile [odds ratio (OR)=1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.19; OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56; OR=2.67, 95% CI 1.57-4.53). After exclusion of subjects with diabetes or hyperuricemia or using antihypertensive medication, compared with normotensives, individuals with high blood pressure status of prehypertension were more likely to have microalbuminuria (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.12-2.99). Additionally, microalbuminuria was positively associated with blood pressure levels (trend P value<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperuricemia and microalbuminuria are separately and independently associated with prehypertension among Chinese Han women.

[Association between serum nitric oxide level and microalbuminuria: a 1:2 matched case-control study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between serum nitric oxide and microalbuminuria. METHODS: Based on a community survey in Jinchang district Suzhou city, a 1:2 matched case-control study was performed. A total of 208 cases with microalbuminuria were recruited. The controls were selected from the same community, with the same level of income. After matched with age, gender, waist circumference and fast plasma glucose, a total of 416 controls were selected. Values of serum nitric oxide were tested for all eligible participants. The association between serum nitric oxide level and microalbuminuria were analyzed by using the multivariate conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: The mean level of serum nitric oxide was slightly lower for individuals with microalbuminuria (median, interquartile range: 27.75, 14.48 - 42.15 µmol/L) than those without (28.25, 17.40 - 43.45 µmol/L). However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.316). RESULTS: from the multivariable conditional logistic regression model showed that serum nitric oxide level was not associated with microalbuminuria, after adjustment for all the confounders. Compared with the highest level of serum nitric oxide, the odds ratios of microalbuminuria for individuals in the 1(st), 2(nd)and 3(rd) quartiles were not significantly different, after adjustment for confounders. In pairs with hypertension, the odds of microalbuminuria were 85% higher for individuals with the lowest level of serum nitric oxide than those with the highest level (OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 0.96 - 3.57). Additionally, in pairs without hypertension, the odds of microalbuminuria was just 40% higher for individuals with the lowest level of serum nitric oxide than those with the highest level (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 0.58 - 3.40). CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between serum nitric oxide and microalbuminuria in the general population in our study.