Sustainability in the beer and pub industry during the COVID-19 period: An emerging new normal.

The COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges for the British pub industry, due to the uncertain conditions caused by the virus, changes in consumption patterns and government measures. Studies recommend that organisations adopt innovative and flexible business models to generate added value for customers and other stakeholders as a survival and growth strategy. However, such measures require business ecosystems which encourage co-creative engagement. This qualitative study extends the concept of value co-creation beyond its current boundary as a customer-driven experiential paradigm, reconceptualising it as a driver for societal benefits. Over the period March - December 2020, we carried out in-depth interviews with pub and brewery owners, managers, and customers, combined with netnographic and offline observations of pubs' engagement with customers. We uncovered three stages of strategies and innovation during this period, which we term 'survive', 'secure', and 'sustain'. We demonstrate how multiple stakeholders benefit from the innovations of pubs and breweries negotiating each stage, advancing current scholarship on sustainable value co-creation.

Contraceptive discontinuation and non-use in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon.

In this paper we discuss the causes of non-adherence to reversible contraceptives, especially hormonal methods, among women in rural Santarém in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis is based on questionnaires with 398 women and visits to health centers. We consider the motives reported by women who: never used contraception; used some method in the past; and who at the time of the survey were using a different method from the ones they used in the past. The results indicate a rejection of hormonal contraception and a preference for female sterilization, an option possibly influenced by the characteristics of health services in the region. The side effects of hormonal contraceptive use reported by part of the interviewees contribute to a generalized fear of the side effects even among women who have never used such methods. To improve women's health services in the Amazon, we recommend further studies of the relationship between reported side effects and available services and prescriptions, as well as an analysis of women's discourse and perceptions.

Contraceptive discontinuation and non-use in Santarém, Brazilian Amazon / Interrupção do uso e não-uso de métodos contraceptivos em Santarém, Amazônia brasileira

In this paper we discuss the causes of non-adherence to reversible contraceptives, especially hormonal methods, among women in rural Santarém in the Brazilian Amazon. The analysis is based on questionnaires with 398 women and visits to health centers. We consider the motives reported by women who: never used contraception; used some method in the past; and who at the time of the survey were using a different method from the ones they used in the past. The results indicate a rejection of hormonal contraception and a preference for female sterilization, an option possibly influenced by the characteristics of health services in the region. The side effects of hormonal contraceptive use reported by part of the interviewees contribute to a generalized fear of the side effects even among women who have never used such methods. To improve women's health services in the Amazon, we recommend further studies of the relationship between reported side effects and available services and prescriptions, as well as an analysis of women's discourse and perceptions.

Discutimos sobre as causas da não-adesão aos contraceptivos reversíveis, especialmente os métodos hormonais, entre moradoras rurais de Santarém, na Amazônia brasileira. A análise baseia-se em questionários aplicados a 398 mulheres e em visitas a centros de saúde. Consideramos os motivos relatados por mulheres que: nunca usaram contraceptivos; que usaram métodos no passado; que, no momento do levantamento, usavam método diferente dos utilizados no passado. Os resultados indicam rejeição aos contraceptivos hormonais e preferência pela esterilização feminina, opção possivelmente influenciada pelas características dos serviços de saúde na região. Efeitos colaterais do uso de contraceptivos hormonais relatados por parte das entrevistadas contribuem para o medo generalizado de efeitos colaterais, mesmo entre mulheres que nunca usaram métodos hormonais. Para aprimorar o serviço de saúde da mulher na Amazônia, recomendamos futuros estudos sobre o relacionamento entre os efeitos colaterais relatados, os serviços e medicamentos disponíveis, assim como uma análise dos discursos e das percepções das mulheres.