Anxiety and Its Influencing Factors in Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Objective: This study aims to investigate anxiety and its influencing factors in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Materials and Methods: Ninety-four patients with DILI were enrolled and evaluated with a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS). According to the anxiety score, they were divided into four groups: the non-anxiety, mild anxiety, moderate anxiety, or severe anxiety groups, and the scores were analyzed based on demographic and biochemical indicators. Results: Of the 94 patients with DILI, 63 did not have anxiety and 31 had anxiety (32.9%), of which 27 had mild, 3 had moderate, and 1 had severe anxiety. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, occupation, and level of education between the groups (F = 1.42, H = 2.361, H = 6.751, H = 1.796, and P > 0.05); anxiety score and degree of anxiety between the types of drugs that led to the liver injury (H = 0.812, H = 1.712, and P > 0.05); anxiety score between the different degrees of liver injury (H = 2.836, H = 4.957, P > 0.05); or length of hospital stay or prognosis between the degrees of anxiety (F = 1.487, H = 0.761, P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the degree of anxiety between different degree and types of liver injury (H = 7.981, H = 8.208, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with DILI may have anxiety, especially mild anxiety. The occurrence of anxiety in patients with DILI is not related to gender, age, occupation, or level of education but may be related to the degree and type of liver injury. Anxiety has no impact on the length of stay in hospital or the prognosis of the DILI. These findings may contribute to the development of management strategies for patients with DILI.

Impact of Non-Alcoholic Simple Fatty Liver Disease on Antituberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of non-alcoholic simple fatty liver disease on drug-induced liver injury caused by tuberculosis. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury in 104 patients with initial treatment of tuberculosis complicated with non-alcoholic simple fatty liver disease. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was liver injury or not. The differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and triglycerides were studied between the two groups. RESULTS: Among the 104 patients with initial treatment of tuberculosis complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 24 (23%) patients developed a drug-induced liver injury. The remaining 80 (77%) patients did not develop drug-induced liver injury (χ 2 = 60.308, P < 0.05). In the liver injury group, there were 20 cases of mild liver injury, two cases of moderate liver injury, two cases of severe liver injury, 22 cases of hepatocellular injury, two cases of cholestasis, and no cases of mixed liver injury. The time of abnormal liver function in antituberculosis treatment was 16.42 ± 9.18 days from the beginning of the antituberculosis treatment. There were no significant differences in gender, age, BMI, or triglyceride between the liver injury group and the non-liver injury group (χ 2 = 2.063, t = 0.179, t = 0.703, t = 1.12, P > 0.05 in all), but there were significant differences in cholesterol (t = 3.08, P < 0.05). By logistic regression analysis, cholesterol was a high-risk factor for liver injury. CONCLUSION: Non-alcoholic simple fatty liver disease may increase the risk of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury.

Hepatic Proteomic Changes and Sirt1/AMPK Signaling Activation by Oxymatrine Treatment in Rats With Non-alcoholic Steatosis.

BACKGROUND: Currently, active ingredients of herbal extracts that can suppress lipid accumulation in the liver have been considered a potential treatment option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: Steatosis rat model was created by high fat and high sucrose diet feeding and treated with oxymatrine (OMT). Serum biochemical parameters, liver histology and lipid profiles were examined. Hepatic differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) which were significantly changed by OMT treatment were identified by iTRAQ analysis. The expressions of representative DEPs, Sirt1 and AMPKα were evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS: OMT significantly reduced the body weight and liver weight of steatosis animals, decreased the serum levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol as well as the hepatic triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, and effectively alleviated fatty degeneration in the liver. A list of OMT-related DEPs have been screened and evaluated by bioinformatics analysis. OMT significantly decreased the expressions of L-FABP, Plin2, FASN and SCD1 and increased Sirt1 expression and AMPKα phosphorylation in the liver of rats with steatosis. CONCLUSION: The present study has confirmed the significant efficacy of OMT for improving steatosis and revealed hepatic proteomic changes and Sirt1/AMPK signaling activation by OMT treatment in rats with steatosis.

First report on co-occurrence knockdown resistance mutations and susceptibility to beta-cypermethrin in Anopheles sinensis from Jiangsu Province, China.

The increasing prevalence of insecticide resistance in Anopheles sinensis, a major vector of malaria in Jiangsu province in eastern China, threatens to compromise the successful use of insecticides in malaria control strategies. It is therefore vital to understand the insecticide resistance status of An. sinensis in the region. This study examined the nucleotide diversity of the para-sodium channel and knockdown resistance (kdr) in five field populations of adult An. sinensis mosquitoes collected in Jiangsu province, identifying the L1014F and L1014C substitutions for the first time. Competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of specific allele (cPASA) and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for resistance diagnosis were developed and validated. Comparing the results with direct sequencing revealed that the PCR-RFLP method was more sensitive and specific whereas the cPASA method was more convenient and suitable. The significant positive correlation between kdr allele frequency and bioassay-based resistance phenotype demonstrates that the frequency of L1014F and L1014C substitutions in the kdr gene provides a useful molecular marker for monitoring beta-cypermethrin resistance in natural populations of An. sinensis. Our results point to the L1014F substitution as the key mutation associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance. The high resistance and mutation frequency detected in the five populations also suggest cross-resistance with other pyrethroids may occur in An. sinensis, highlighting the need for further surveys to map insecticide resistance in China and the adoption of a rational management of insecticide application for resistance management and mosquito vector control.