[Effect of pH for the electrochemical oxidation products and oxidation pathways of ammonia].

The electrochemical oxidation of ammonia in wastewater was investigated in a flow electrochemical cell. The effect of pH on ammonia removal efficiency, oxidation products and oxidation pathways was elucidated. The experimental results indicated that, the higher production efficiency of free chlorine and hydroxyl radical can be obtained under the moderate alkaline condition, and the electrochemical oxidation rate of ammonia was higher in this condition. In existence of chloride ions, chloramines produced during the electrolysis of ammonia. The constituent of chloramines related with the pH of reaction system. When pH was higher than 9, monochloramine was dominant; When pH was equal to 7, monochloramine and dichloramine existed at the same time and the concentration of the two chloramines was an approximation of the same; When pH was smaller than 5, most of the production was dichloramine. The production of nitrogen trichloride can be avoided when pH was higher than 5. Under the current density of 20 mA/cm2, the concentration of hydroxyl radical produced by electrolysis was smaller than 5 x 10(-15) mol/L. The indirect oxidation was the dominant reaction in the two pathways of electrochemical oxidation of ammonia.

[Electrochemical oxidation of ammonia nitrogen wastewater using Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2 electrode].

Electrochemical oxidation ammonia is a new method of ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment. A study was undertaken of electrochemical oxidation ammonia wastewater in cycle mobil-electrobath. The anode was Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2 expanded metal sheet electrode. The cathode was expanded metal sheet electrode. The parameters investigated were the optimal available time for the measurement of ammonia nitrogen, flowrate and current density. The energy consumption, anode efficiency and current efficiency were analysed in different current densities. Experimental results show that when the concentration of the chlorine ion was 400 mg/L and the initial ammoniac nitrogen concentration was 40 mg/L, the flowrate had little impact on ammonia nitrogen removal, but current density had greater impact. Under the condition with flowrate 600 mL/min, current density 20 mA/cm2, electrolytic time 90 min, ammonia nitrogen removal ratio was 99.37%. The energy consumption was 500 kW x h and the anode efficiency was 2.68 h x m2 x A per kg NH4+ -N removed, and instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) was 0.28. Research has shown that electrochemical oxidation ammonia wastewater has better prospects.

[Electro-flotation using in solid-liquid separation of activated sludge].

The separation of suspended solids (SS) from activated sludge was carried out in an electro-flotation cell which has two sets of electrodes,three Ti/RuO2-IrO2-TiO2 anodes and three Ti screen cathodes. The effect of operating parameters on the performance of the electro-flotation system was examined. The parameters investigated were hydraulic retention time (HRT), current density, initial SS concentration and initial pH. The results show that electro-flotation cell is a unit of high performance in solid-liquid separation. HRT and current density are the main affecting factors. The removal ratio of SS increases with increment of HRT and current density; and it decreases with the increment of sludge loading. The pH value affects the size of tiny bubbles generated from water electrolysis and the character of sludge, but it has little effect on the removal of SS. The pH value is not need to be adjusted during the electro-flotation. Under the conditions with initial SS about 1 000 mg/L, HRT 20 min, a current density 5 mA/cm2 in contacting zone, a current density 2.5 mA/cm2 in separating zone, the removal ratio of SS can reach up to 97%, at this point, the electrolysis energy consumption is 0.4 - 0.5 (kW x h)/m3 wastewater. The water content of the sludge from electro-flotation is much lower than that from dissolved air flotation and secondary sedimentation tank, which has significant in the decrement and final disposal of the sludge.