[Application of Polysomnography in Common Neurodegenerative Diseases].

At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of most neurodegenerative diseases are still not fully understood, which poses challenges for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these diseases. Sleep disorders are one of the common chief complaints of neurodegenerative diseases. When patients suffer from comorbid sleep disorder and neurodegenerative diseases, the severity of their condition increases, the quality of their life drops further, and the difficulty of treatment increases. A large number of studies have been conducted to monitor the sleep of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and it has been found that there are significant changes in their polysomnography (PSG) results compared to those of healthy control populations. In addition, there are also significant differences between the PSG findings of patients with different neurodegenerative diseases and the differences are closely associated with the pathogenesis and development of the disease. Herein, we discussed the characteristics of the sleep structure of patients with Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and dementia with Lewy bodies and provided a brief review of the sleep disorders and the PSG characteristics of these patients. The paper will help improve the understanding of the pathogenesis and pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, clarify the relationship between sleep disorders and these diseases, improve clinicians' further understanding of these diseases, and provide a basis for future research.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts support bone tropic metastasis by acting as coordinators between the tumor microenvironment and bone matrix in breast cancer.

Bone is a common site of metastasis for various types of cancer cells, including breast cancer, and the consequent skeleton-related events observed in patients are severe and often fatal. Currently, it is widely accepted that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) confer a metastasis-promoting property to breast cancer cells. Furthermore, clinical observations suggest that CAFs mediate the bone tropism of metastatic breast cancer cells. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism by which CAFs are involved in the bone-tropic metastasis of breast cancer can facilitate the study of the novel and effective therapeutic drugs for the corresponding targets. In this review, we focused on the coordinator role of CAFs in remolding breast cancer cells and remodeling the bone marrow during metastasis. We discussed the potential roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, the CAFs-CSCs reinforcing loop, and exosomes in this malignant process. In summary, in agreement with Paget's theory, CAFs play a pivotal role in bone colonization by breast cancer cells by providing a "fertile soil" for the "selected seeds" by influencing tumor-intrinsic characteristics and microenvironment (ME).