Surgical Outcomes of Pancreatic Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm: Experiences of 24 Patients in a Single Institute.

Background and Objectives: The pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN), a rare tumor predominantly affecting young women, has seen an increased incidence due to improved imaging and epidemiological knowledge. This study aimed to understand the outcomes of different interventions, possible complications, and associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 24 patients who underwent pancreatic surgery for SPNs between September 1998 and July 2020. Results: Surgical intervention, typically required for symptomatic cases or pathological confirmation, yielded favorable outcomes with a 5-year survival rate of up to 97%. Despite challenges in standardizing preoperative evaluation and follow-up protocols, aggressive complete resection showed promising long-term survival and good oncological outcomes. Notably, no significant differences were found between conventional and minimally invasive (MI) surgery in perioperative outcomes. Histopathological correlations were lacking in prognosis and locations. Among the patients, one developed diffuse liver metastases 41 months postoperatively but responded well to chemotherapy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, with disease stability observed at 159 postoperative months. Another patient developed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis after surgery and underwent liver transplantation, succumbing to poor medication adherence 115 months after surgery. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of surgical intervention in managing SPNs and suggest the MI approach as a viable option with comparable outcomes to conventional surgery.

Immediate postoperative parenteral anticoagulant therapy in patients with mesenteric ischemia after intestinal resection: a retrospective cohort study at a single institute.

BACKGROUND: Bowel gangrene represents a major fatal event in acute mesenteric ischemia. Intestinal resection is inevitable in patients with peritonitis and bowel gangrene. This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the benefit of postoperative parenteral anticoagulation in patients with intestinal resection. METHODS: Patients with acute mesenteric ischemia and bowel gangrene were recruited retrospectively between January 2007 and December 2019. All patients underwent bowel resection. They were categorized into two groups: patients without immediate parenteral anticoagulant therapy (Group A) and those with immediate parenteral anticoagulant therapy (Group B). Thirty-day mortality and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 85 patients were included, with 29 patients in Group A and 56 patients in Group B. Patients in Group B had lower 30-day mortality (16.1%) and a higher 2-year survival rate (45.4%) than patients in Group A (30-day mortality: 51.7%, p = 0.001; 2-year survival rate: 19.0%, p = 0.001). In the 30-day mortality multivariate analysis, patients in Group B had a better outcome (odds ratio = 0.080, 95% confidence interval between 0.011 and 0.605, p = 0.014). Patients in Group B also had a better outcome in the survival multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.435, 95% confidence interval between 0.213 and 0.887, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate postoperative parenteral anticoagulant therapy improves prognosis in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia treated by intestinal resection. Trial registration This research was retrospectively approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) I&II of Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-IRB No.CE21256B) on July 28th, 2021. The informed consent waiver was also approved by IRB I&II of Taichung Veterans General Hospital. The Declaration of Helsinki and ICH-GCP guidelines were followed during this study.

Grazoprevir/Elbasvir Treatment in Liver or Kidney Transplant Recipients with Genotype 1b Hepatitis C Virus Infection.

More options regarding the choice of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are helpful for avoiding individual limitations in treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of grazoprevir (GZR)/elbasvir (EBR) treatment in genotype-1b (GT-1b) HCV-infected liver or kidney transplant recipients. In this phase 4, single-arm, open-label, multicenter trial, patients received GZR 100 mg/EBR 50 mg daily for 12 weeks. Patients with any HCV infection other than GT-1b, liver decompensation, human immunodeficiency virus, or hepatitis B virus co-infection, a history of NS5A inhibitor exposure, or any severe drug-drug interactions (DDIs), was excluded. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment (SVR12). Of the 14 patients (10 kidney and 4 liver transplant subjects) enrolled in this study, 9 (64%) were females; the median age was 64.0 (range: 43-73) years. The regularly used immunosuppressants were tacrolimus (93%), everolimus (29%), and sirolimus (7%), with patient blood levels easily managed and generally stable (all P > 0.05 in quantile regression analysis). The rate of SVR12 was 100% in intent-to-treat analysis. Only one patient discontinued GZR/EBR therapy at 6 weeks posttreatment, due to a treatment-unrelated adverse event (AE); however, this patient remained, achieving SVR12. Most AEs were mild in severity and deemed to be not treatment-related. No organ rejection episodes or deaths occurred during the study period. The single-tablet regimen of GZR/EBR for 12 weeks is highly effective and well tolerated in GT-1b HCV-infected liver or kidney transplant recipients, and its DDIs are generally easy to manage. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT03723824.).

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in oldest old patients.

BACKGROUND: For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver resection is a classical curative modality, despite its technical complexity. The incidence of HCC in the oldest old people (aged ≥ 85 years) is rising along with the global increase in life expectancy. Currently, no report has addressed liver resection for HCC in this aged population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 1889 patients receiving curative liver resection for newly diagnosed HCC from 1992 to 2016. At the time of operation, 1858 of them were aged < 85 years (group A), and 31 were aged ≥ 85 years (group B). Another 18 oldest old patients, whose HCC was considered resectable but were not operated on due to the patient's refusal, served as the control group (group C). The clinicopathological characteristics and early and long-term outcomes were compared between groups A and B. All associated co-morbidities of the patients were well-treated before liver resection. The overall survival (OS) rates were also compared between groups B and C. RESULT: Group B had a significantly higher incidence of associated co-morbidities and hepatitis C infection. Postoperative complication rates and 90-day mortality rates after liver resection did not differ between groups A and B (p = 0.834 and p = 1.000, respectively), though group B had a longer postoperative stay (p = 0.001). In groups A and B, the 5-year disease-free survival rates were 29.7% and 22.6% (p = 0.163), respectively, and their overall survival rates were 43.5% and 35.5% (p = 0.086). The overall survival rate of group B was significantly different from group C (35.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite a longer postoperative recovery period, liver resection for HCC in the oldest old patients may be justified if co-morbidities are well controlled.

Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hematological malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Improvements in antimetabolite drugs have prolonged the survival of patient with hematological malignancies. However, these drugs may have hepatotoxic side effects and may induce acute liver failure, chronic liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although liver resection remains a curative option for HCC, its role in HCC with hematological malignancies has never been fully explored. METHODS: A retrospective review of 1725 patients who underwent curative liver resection for newly diagnosed HCC between 1994 and 2016 was conducted. Among these patients, 16 had a history of hematological malignancies (HM group). Their hematological malignancies were well-controlled at the time of liver resection. The clinicopathological characteristics of the HM group, along with their short- and long-term outcomes after liver resection, were compared with those of the other 1709 patients without hematological malignancy (non-HM group). RESULTS: All HM group patients were seropositive for hepatitis marker surface for hepatitis B and C. No significant differences were observed in any background characteristics between the two groups. The postoperative complication rate and 90-day mortality in the HM and non-HM groups were 25 and 20.4%, P = 0.754, and 0 and 0.6%, P = 1.000, respectively. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates for the HM and non-HM groups were 42.3 and 35.1%, P = 0.552, and 69.5 and 56.9%, P = 0.192, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis markers should be examined during chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. Regular liver imaging studies are recommended for seropositive cases. When HCC occurs secondary to a well-controlled hematological malignancy, liver resection is suggested in selected patients.

Effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on antioxidant capacity and inflammation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery. Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidant. To date, no intervention study has investigated coenzyme Q10 supplementation in HCC patients after surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes activity, and inflammation levels in HCC patients after surgery following administration of coenzyme Q10 (300 mg/day). METHODS: This study was designed as a single-blinded, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study. Patients who were diagnosed with primary HCC (n = 41) and were randomly assign to a placebo (n = 20) or coenzyme Q10 (300 mg/day, n = 21) group after surgery. The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Plasma coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, oxidative stress antioxidant enzymes activity and inflammatory markers levels were measured. RESULTS: The oxidative stress (p = 0.04) and inflammatory markers (hs-CRP and IL-6, p < 0.01) levels were significantly decreased, and the antioxidant enzymes activity was significantly increased (p < 0.01) after 12 weeks of coenzyme Q10 supplementation. In addition, the coenzyme Q10 level was significantly negatively correlated with the oxidative stress (p = 0.01), and positively correlated with antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD, p = 0.01; CAT, p < 0.05; GPx, p = 0.04) and vitamin E level (p = 0.01) after supplementation. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we demonstrated that a dose of 300 mg/d of coenzyme Q10 supplementation significantly increased the antioxidant capacity and reduced the oxidative stress and inflammation levels in HCC patients after surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01964001.

Unroofing hepatectomy: a facilitating approach for resection of deep-seated hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to major intrahepatic vessels in cirrhotic patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Unroofing hepatectomy, an alternative approach to remove a deep-seated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to major intrahepatic vessels by peel-off technique after sacrificing the overlying noncancerous liver, may result in tumor exposure without resection margin. The aim of the study was to examine the value of this approach in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2012, 51 cirrhotic patients underwent unroofing hepatectomy for deep-seated newly-diagnosed HCC adjacent to major intrahepatic vessels (group A). Another 274 cirrhotic patients with similar tumor size and without gross major vessel involvement in the same period were selected as the control cohort (group B). The patients' clinicopathological characteristics, the early and long-term outcomes of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The HCCs in group A had a significantly higher rate of tumor encapsulation, smaller number of associated satellite nodules, and smaller amount of resected liver weight. Postoperative complication and 90-day mortality rates were similar, but group A patients had a significant better 5-year disease-free (56% vs. 32%, P = 0.011) and overall survival rates (82% vs. 53%, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: In selected cirrhotic patients, unroofing hepatectomy facilitates resection of deep-seated HCC adjacent to major intrahepatic vessels with acceptable early and long-term results.

Impact of severe oesophagogastric varices on liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to clarify both short-term and long-term results of patients with concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and high-risk oesophagogastric varices (OGV). METHODS: This retrospective study identified 927 cirrhotic patients who underwent curative resection of HCC between 1995 and 2012 in single institution. Patients were separated into 3 groups (A, B, and C) according to general rules for recording endoscopic findings of oesophagogastric varices proposed in Japan in 1991. Groups A, B, and C consisted of patients without OGV (F0), patients with mild to moderate OGV (F1 to F2), and patients with high-risk OGV (F3 and/or red color sign), respectively. All patients in group C underwent prophylactic endoscopic variceal ligation/sclerotherapy. Post-operative complications, mortality, overall survival, and disease-free survival were compared among 3 groups. RESULTS: No patient had post-operative variceal bleeding. Complication rates of Clavien-Dindo grade II to V in three groups were 13.6, 14.0, and 6.9 %, respectively (P > 0.05). Operative mortality, 5-year overall survival rate, and disease-free survival rate among the 3 groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic endoscopic variceal ligation/sclerotherapy effectively prevented from post-operative variceal bleeding in patients with high-risk OGV. Operative mortality, major morbidity, and survival of patients with high-risk OGV were similar to those of patients without OGV or those with mild OGV. Liver resection remains a feasible choice for cirrhotic patients with concomitant HCC and high-risk OGV.

Is liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients with high preoperative serum alanine aminotransferase level unadvisable?

BACKGROUND/AIMS: High operative mortality has been reported after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients with high preoperative serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) level. Their long-term prognosis has never been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefit of liver resection for HCC in this subgroup of patients. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of the medical records of 978 cirrhotic patients who underwent curative liver resection for HCC between 2000 and 2012 was conducted. The preoperative sALT level of 218 patients was > 100 U/l (normal 5 -50) (group 1). The clinicopathological characteristics as well as early and long-term results after hepatectomy of group 1 were compared with those of the other 760 cirrhotic patients whose sALT was < 100 U/l (group 2). Liver resection extent was decided by tumor extent and a modified version of Makuuchi's criteria. RESULTS: Group 1 patients had a significantly higher indocyanine 15-minute retention rate, higher hepatitis infection rates and a higher rate of macronodular cirrhosis. Although group 1 patients had a higher postoperative complication rate, the complication severity and 90-day mortality did not significantly differ. In 81.2 % of group 1 patients, sALT level returned to the normal range within 12 weeks after operation. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates in group 1 and 2 were 55.1% and 57.5% (P = 0.540) and 51.5% and 60.9%, (P=0.485), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection for HCC remains advisable in selected cirrhotic patients with preoperatively high sALT level when liver resection extent fulfills Makuuchi's criteria for cirrhotic liver resection.

Sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma patients beyond Milan criteria after orthotopic liver transplantation: a case control study.

BACKGROUND: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is one of the most effective treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within the Milan criteria. However, for patients beyond these criteria, the recurrence rate is higher and the prognosis is worse. Sorafenib is the only drug showing survival benefits in advanced HCC patients; however, its role in patients beyond the Milan criteria after OLT remains unclear and requires further investigation. METHODS: As a case-control study, we retrospectively analyzed 17 Chinese patients beyond Milan criteria undergoing OLT for HCC. These patients were stratified into adjuvant (n = 5), palliative (n = 6), and control groups (n = 6). RESULTS: Nine of 11 patients who received sorafenib after OLT needed dose reduction due to more than grade 2 side effects. The disease-free survival rates for patients with or without adjuvant sorafenib were 100% versus 37.5% (p = 0.034) at 6 months, 66.7% versus 9.4% (p = 0.026) at 12 months, and 66.7% versus 0.0% (p = 0.011) at 18 months, respectively. The overall survival rates for patients in palliative and control groups were 66.7% versus 40.0% (p = 0.248) at 6 months, 66.7% versus 40.0% (p = 0.248) at 12 months, and 50.0% versus 20.0% (p = 0.17) at 18 months, respectively. Patients in the adjuvant group had better overall survival rates than those in the palliative and control groups (p = 0.031) at 24-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant sorafenib could possibly extend both disease-free and overall survival for HCC patients beyond Milan criteria after OLT.

Chemotherapy for Metastatic Gastric Cancer: Does Age Matter? A Single-Center, Retrospective, Real-World Study.

Background: Palliative chemotherapy is the preferred standard of care for patients with metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). It remains uncertain whether older patients with mGC would benefit from palliative chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the clinical impact of palliative chemotherapy in older patients with mGC. Methods: This single-institute, retrospective, and real-world study included 428 patients with mGC between January 2009 and December 2019. Among them, 306 who received palliative chemotherapy were further stratified into 2 groups according to age: ≤70 (n = 236) and >70 (n = 70) years. The clinical demographics, outcomes, and hematologic toxicities of chemotherapy were compared between the 2 groups. Prognostic factors were determined using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of the screened 428 patients, older patients had worse overall survival (OS) than younger patients. Among patients who received chemotherapy (n = 306), patients aged >70 and ⩽70 years had comparable progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. The incidence of severe hematologic toxicity was similar between the 2 groups. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or more metastatic sites, elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and undergoing palliative gastrectomy were independent prognostic factors for OS. Notably, age >70 years was not a significant factor for poor OS. Conclusions: Older age of >70 years might not be considered an obstacle to administering palliative chemotherapy to patients with mGC.

The Prognostic Role of Glutathione and Its Related Antioxidant Enzymes in the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The imbalance of high oxidative stress and low antioxidant capacities is thought to be a significant cause of the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the impact of oxidative stress, glutathione (GSH), and its related antioxidant enzymes on the recurrence of HCC has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the changes to oxidative stress and GSH-related antioxidant capacities before and after tumor resection in patients with HCC recurrence and non-recurrence. We also evaluated the prognostic significance of GSH and its related enzymes in HCC recurrence. This was a cross-sectional and follow-up study. Ninety-two HCC patients who were going to receive tumor resection were recruited. We followed patients' recurrence and survival status until the end of the study, and then assigned patients into the recurrent or the non-recurrent group. The tumor recurrence rate was 52.2% during the median follow-up period of 3.0 years. Patients had significantly lower plasma malondialdehyde level, but significantly or slightly higher levels of GSH, glutathione disulfide, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities after tumor resection compared to the respective levels before tumor resection in both recurrent and non-recurrent groups. GSH level in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissue in both recurrent and non-recurrent patients. Decreased plasma GPx (HR = 0.995, p = 0.01) and GR (HR = 0.98, p = 0.04) activities before tumor resection, and the increased change of GPx (post-pre-resection) (HR = 1.004, p = 0.03) activity were significantly associated with the recurrence of HCC. These findings suggest there might be a possible application of GPx or GR as therapeutic targets for reducing HCC recurrence.

Locoregional therapies in patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection.

BACKGROUND: Hepatectomy is one potential treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Recurrent rate is high after curative resection and most recurrences occur within residual liver parenchyma. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of different treatment modalities on recurrent diseases in patients with IHCC after primary liver resection. METHODS: Between February 1999 and December 2015, we retrospectively identified patients who received curative resection for IHCC. Patients who experienced recurrences were included. Locoregional therapies included re-hepatectomy, radiofrequent ablation, and transhepatic arterial chemoembolization. These patients were categorized into three groups: intrahepatic recurrence without locoregional therapies (group A), intrahepatic recurrence with locoregional therapies (group B) and extrahepatic metastases (group C). RESULTS: Forty-three patients were included and there were 12, 15, and 16 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The median disease-free survival times were 8.3, 9.1, and 8.7 months in groups A, B, and C (p = 0.099). The median after-recurrence overall survival times (period between recurrence and death/censor) were 6.4, 34.0, and 8.3 months in groups A, B, and C (p = 0.001). Locoregional therapies showed favorable benefit in multivariant analysis (hazard ratio: 0.274, confidence interval: 0.083-0.908, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION: Locoregional therapies offered favorable benefits for patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Impact of Glutathione and Vitamin B-6 in Cirrhosis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Follow-Up Study.

Vitamin B-6 and glutathione (GSH) are antioxidant nutrients, and inadequate vitamin B-6 may indirectly limit glutathione synthesis and further affect the antioxidant capacities. Since liver cirrhosis is often associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant capacities, we conducted a double-blind randomized controlled trial to assess the antioxidative effect of vitamin B-6, GSH, or vitamin B-6/GSH combined supplementation in cirrhotic patients. We followed patients after the end of supplementation to evaluate the association of vitamin B-6 and GSH with disease severity. In total, 61 liver cirrhosis patients were randomly assigned to placebo, vitamin B-6 (50 mg pyridoxine/d), GSH (500 mg/d), or B-6 + GSH groups for 12 weeks. After the end of supplementation, the condition of patient's disease severity was followed until the end of the study. Neither vitamin B-6 nor GSH supplementation had significant effects on indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities. The median follow-up time was 984 d, and 21 patients were lost to follow-up. High levels of GSH, a high GSH/oxidized GSH ratio, and high GSH-St activity at baseline (Week 0) had a significant effect on low Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores at Week 0, the end of supplementation (Week 12), and the end of follow-up in all patients after adjusting for potential confounders. Although the decreased GSH and its related enzyme activity were associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis, vitamin B-6 and GSH supplementation had no significant effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant capacities.

Embedding fistulojejunostomy: An easy and secure technique for refractory external pancreatic fistula.

BACKGROUND: Refractory external pancreatic fistula (REPF) is a rare but troublesome event. Fistulojejunostomy with direct suture of the fistula wall to jejunal wall has been demonstrated as a solution. However, it is sometimes technically difficult and some cases of failure were reported. METHODS: An embedding fistulojejunostomy (EFJ) was designed. The fistula tract was detached from the abdominal wall and impactedly inserted into a Roux-en-Y jejunal lumen without direct suture of the fistula wall to the jejunal wall. Five patients with REPF for > 3 months underwent this procedure in the past 10 years. The preoperatively-placed drainage tubes temporarily exteriorized the pancreatic fluid for 30 days. RESULTS: All fistulojejunostomy procedures were accomplished within 15 minutes. Four patients had uneventful recovery with a postoperative hospital stay ≤ 10 days. One patient had wound infection and needed hospitalization for 23 days. Except for one patient who required pancreatic enzyme supplements for 8 months, no other patient had pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. After follow up for 12-124 months, no patient required pancreatic enzyme supplements, and no patient had recurrent fistula or diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: EFJ makes fistulojejunostomy easier and more secure with a satisfactory early and long-term outcome. It may be a desirable technique for REPF.

Possible Synergistic Effects of Glutathione and C-Reactive Protein in the Progression of Liver Cirrhosis.

Liver cirrhosis is often associated with increased inflammatory responses and changes of glutathione (GSH) status. The possible interactions between these two factors in mediating damages of liver function remain unclear. Here, we measured the inflammatory responses and GSH status in liver cirrhotic patients and compared them with healthy subjects. In addition, we assessed the relationship of the GSH status and levels of inflammatory markers with the severity of the disease. This was a cross-sectional study. In total, we recruited 63 liver cirrhotic patients with Child⁻Turcotte⁻Pugh class A scores, and 12 patients with class B⁻C scores, together with 110 healthy subjects. Patients with class B⁻C scores showed the highest level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) when compared with class A patients or healthy subjects. Patients in class A group had significantly higher GSH levels when compared with class B⁻C group or healthy subjects. After adjusting for potential confounders and each other, serum hs-CRP levels showed positive association with the Child⁻Turcotte⁻Pugh scores, while GSH levels showed negative association with Child⁻Turcotte⁻Pugh scores. Interactions were found between levels of plasma GSH and serum hs-CRP (ß = 0.004, p = 0.016). CRP and GSH levels, which had showed interactions, were associated with the severity of liver cirrhosis.

Adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation preoperative survey using MDCT, a single medical center experience in Taiwan.

This study evaluated multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans performed on potential living donors for adult-to-adult liver transplantation (LDLT), with the aim of identifying significant findings that could be used to exclude potential transplantation donors. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 151 consecutive potential adult donors for LDLT from May 2007 to January 2015. Liver parenchyma steatosis, focal hepatic mass or intraabdominal malignancy, vascular variations, and donor liver volume were evaluated via MDCT. Grounds for excluding potential donors were also recorded and analyzed. Of the 151 potential donors, nine (6.0%) had moderate to severe fatty liver, 37 (24.5%) had hepatic arterial variants, 22 (14.6%) had significant portal venous variants, and more than half were found to have right accessory inferior hepatic vein. No intraabdominal malignancies were found. Eighty-eight potential donors were rejected, with the most common cause being insufficient recipient volume or remnant donor volume (47.7%), moderate to severe parenchymal steatosis (10.2%), and recipient expiration prior to transplantation (8.0%). An additional 16 potential donors were excluded by the surgical team due to the complexity of their portal venous variations. The rate of exclusion by pre-transplant imaging evaluation with MDCT was 33.8%. MDCT can provide accurate quantification of donor liver volume and steatosis severity along with precise demonstration of vascular variants, which are crucial for the preoperative evaluation of LDLT. However, MDCT may be ineffective for evaluating the biliary system without hepatobiliary-excreted contrast agent and has the disadvantage of ionizing radiation.

Transcatheter therapy of Budd-Chiari syndrome in a child after liver transplantation: report of one case.

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare, heterogenous and potentially lethal condition due to hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Classic triads include hepatomegaly, ascites and abdominal pain. Most cases are caused by abnormal coagulopathy, infection, inflammation or tumor invasion. Status post liver transplantation was rarely mentioned in the pediatric group. Here we report a case of 4-year-old girl with biliary atresia status post living donor liver transplantation. Marked ascites developed 2 months later and Budd-Chiari syndrome was diagnosed. Cardiac catheterization showed significant stenoses of the hepatic vein and inferior vena cava. Initial balloon angioplasty of inferior vena cava only resulted in mild improvement. After successful balloon angioplasty of the hepatic vein stenosis, the stenosis of the inferior vena cava improved significantly. The ascites resolved soon, and no more happened up to 8 months' follow-up.

Successful extracorporeal resuscitation after perioperative anaphylactic shock during living donor liver transplantation.

A 46-year-old man was admitted for emergent donor hepatectomy. His circulatory condition became unstable 75 minutes after induction and then deteriorated to ventricular fibrillation due to latex-induced anaphylaxis. Following 35 minutes of futile conventional resuscitation without spontaneous cardiac rhythm, extracorporeal resuscitation was initiated and electric cardiac activity returned 10 minutes later. He was discharged home without any sequelae. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation would offer an alternative choice compared with conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Changes of Oxidative Stress, Glutathione, and Its Dependent Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma before and after Tumor Resection.

The changes in and relationship between oxidative stress and the glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system in the plasma and tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after tumor resection have not been clearly determined. We investigated the changes in oxidative stress, GSH status and its dependent antioxidant enzyme activities in HCC patients before and after tumor resection, and to determine the association of oxidative stress with GSH and its dependent antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and tissues. This study employed a cross-sectional design. Forty-four men and 16 women with HCC were recruited. Fasting blood was drawn on the day before the tumor resection and one month after the tumor resection. HCC tissue and adjacent normal liver tissue were obtained at the time of surgical resection. Patients had significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized-low density lipoprotein levels but decreased GSH and oxidized GSH levels before tumor resection compared with the corresponding post-resection values. GSH and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) levels and activities of GSH peroxidase were significantly increased while MDA level was significantly lower in HCC tissue when compared with the adjacent normal tissue. The pre-resection plasma MDA level was significantly correlated with pre-resection plasma GSH concentration, and MDA level in HCC and adjacent normal tissues. Pre-resection plasma GSH concentration was significantly correlated with GSH and TEAC level in HCC tissue. HCC patients had increased oxidative stress, decreased GSH, and lower dependent antioxidant capacities before tumor resection. However, hepatocellular tumor had increased GSH and TEAC levels as well as GSH peroxidase activities which might protect itself against increased oxidative stress.