[Incorporation of the gender perspective in community health. SESPAS Report 2018]. / Incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la salud comunitaria. Informe SESPAS 2018.

The concepts of community health and gender perspective are often misunderstood or interpreted differently between different sectors and disciplines. For this reason, this article starts with the definition of both concepts and continues with a proposal for the incorporation of a gender perspective in community health. The gender norms determine different pathways and opportunities for people according to their sex, which are associated with gender inequalities in health and therefore must be incorporated in community health interventions. The gender perspective requires considering gender inequalities in power, in the access to and control over resources, the sexual division of labour and gender socialization in all phases of community health strategy implementation. Incorporating a gender perspective in community health is not only a matter of ethics and justice but also of the effectiveness of interventions.

Exploration of Gender Norms and Socialization Among Early Adolescents: The Use of Qualitative Methods for the Global Early Adolescent Study.

PURPOSE: The Global Early Adolescent Study (GEAS) was launched in 2014 with the primary goal of understanding the factors in early adolescence that predispose young people to subsequent sexual risks, and conversely, those that promote healthy sexuality across different cultural contexts. The present article describes the methodology that was used for the first phase of GEAS, which consisted of conducting qualitative research to understand the gendered transitions into adolescence and the role that gender norms play within the key relationships of adolescents. Researchers from each of the sites that had completed data collection were also elicited for their feedback on the key strengths, challenges, and lessons learned from conducting research among 11- to 14-year-old adolescents. The purpose of this article is to present the description of each of the methods that were used in GEAS, as well as the researchers' perspectives of using the methods among early adolescents in their sites. METHODS: The GEAS is being implemented through a collaboration of university and nongovernmental institutions from 15 cities: Assiut (Egypt) Baltimore (U.S.), Blantyre (Malawi), Cape Town (South Africa), Cochabomba (Bolivia), Cuenca (Ecuador), Edinburgh (Scotland), Ghent (Belgium), Hanoi (Vietnam), Ile-Ife (Nigeria), Kinshasa (DRC), Nairobi (Kenya), New Delhi (India), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), and Shanghai (China). Approximately 30 in-depth interviews among adolescents and 30 in-depth interviews with their parent/guardian were conducted at each site, with adults and adolescents interviewed separately. To build trust and increase engagement among the adolescent participants, we used two different visual research methods: (1) timeline exercise which was small group based and (2) the Venn diagram exercise which was conducted individually and used at the start of the in-depth interview. RESULTS: The visual aspects of both the timeline and the Venn diagrams not only helped to produce data for the purposes of the study, but also were a successful way of engaging the adolescent participants across sites. While the narrative interviews produced extremely rich data, researchers did notice that there were a few challenges among the younger adolescents. Challenges were related to the length of the interview, comprehension of questions, as some of the questions were either too abstract or asked adolescents about an experience they had not yet had and therefore could not address or articulate. CONCLUSIONS: Conducting the first phase of GEAS revealed important insights for research with participants who are in this developmental phase of early adolescence. Methods that involve greater engagement and those that are visual were shown to work well irrespective of the cultural setting.

Incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la salud comunitaria. Informe SESPAS 2018 / Incorporation of the gender perspective in community health. SESPAS Report 2018

Los conceptos de salud comunitaria y de perspectiva de género a menudo son mal entendidos o interpretados de manera distinta entre diferentes sectores y disciplinas. Por esta razón, el presente artículo parte de la definición de ambos conceptos y continúa con una propuesta para la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en las estrategias de salud comunitaria. Las normas de género determinan diferentes maneras y oportunidades de vivir de las personas en función de su sexo que se asocian a desigualdades de género en la salud, y por tanto deben ser incorporadas de manera transversal en las intervenciones de salud comunitaria. La perspectiva de género requiere considerar las desigualdades en el poder, en el acceso a los recursos y el control sobre ellos, la división sexual del trabajo y la socialización de género en todas las fases del desarrollo de la salud comunitaria. Incorporar la perspectiva de género en la salud comunitaria no es solo una cuestión de ética y de justicia, sino también de efectividad de las intervenciones

The concepts of community health and gender perspective are often misunderstood or interpreted differently between different sectors and disciplines. For this reason, this article starts with the definition of both concepts and continues with a proposal for the incorporation of a gender perspective in community health. The gender norms determine different pathways and opportunities for people according to their sex, which are associated with gender inequalities in health and therefore must be incorporated in community health interventions. The gender perspective requires considering gender inequalities in power, in the access to and control over resources, the sexual division of labour and gender socialization in all phases of community health strategy implementation. Incorporating a gender perspective in community health is not only a matter of ethics and justice but also of the effectiveness of interventions