Capillary-Force-Pattern Formation of Indium-Zinc-Oxide Thin-Film Transistor.

Studies of the pattern-formation technique used with solution-processed oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) continue to explore its uses as an efficient manufacturing method. However, research remains to be completed to achieve high performance and to apply the refined technique to various current industrial technologies. We studied the patterning technique of solution-processed indiumzinc-oxide (IZO) by using the capillary-force phenomenon, the method of controlling the pattern of the IZO semiconductor layer, and approaches to reducing problems such as the cracking that occurs during patterning. The device we fabricated was filled uniformly with droplets in the capillary-force pattern. It showed a high current-on/current-off ratio, high mobility, low threshold voltage, and low subthreshold slope. Consequently, this paper demonstrates a strategy that uses the capillary-forcepattern technique to exceed the performance of traditional fabrication techniques in managing the electrical properties of solution-processed oxide TFTs.

Impact of lympho-vascular space invasion on tumor characteristics and survival outcome of women with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To examine association of lympho-vascular space invasion (LVSI) with clinico-pathological factors and to evaluate survival of women with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma containing areas of LVSI. METHODS: This is a multicenter retrospective study examining consecutive cases of surgically treated stage I-IV low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (n = 178). Archived histopathology slides for the ovarian tumors were reviewed, and LVSI was scored as present or absent. LVSI status was correlated to clinico-pathological findings and survival outcome. RESULTS: LVSI was seen in 79 cases (44.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 37.1-51.7). LVSI was associated with increased risk of omental metastasis (87.0% vs 64.9%, odds ratio [OR] 3.62, P = 0.001), high pelvic lymph node ratio (median 12.9% vs 0%, P = 0.012), and malignant ascites (49.3% vs 32.6%, OR 2.01, P = 0.035). On multivariable analysis, controlling for age, stage, and cytoreductive status, presence of LVSI in the ovarian tumor remained an independent predictor for decreased progression-free survival (5-year rates 21.0% vs 35.7%, adjusted-hazard ratio 1.57, 95%CI 1.06-2.34, P = 0.026). LVSI was significantly associated with increased risk of recurrence in lymph nodes (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.08-6.35, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION: LVSI in the ovarian tumor is associated with adverse clinico-pathological characteristics and decreased progression-free survival in women with low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

MMP11 and CD2 as novel prognostic factors in hormone receptor-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer.

PURPOSE: More accurate prediction of patient outcome based on molecular subtype is required to identify patients who will benefit from specific treatments. METHODS: We selected novel 16 candidate prognostic genes, including 10 proliferation-related genes (p-genes) and 6 immune response-related genes (i-genes), from the gene list identified in our previous study. We then analyzed the association between their expression, measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, and clinical outcome in 819 breast cancer patients according to molecular subtype. RESULTS: The prognostic significance of clinical and gene variables varied according to the molecular subtype. Univariate analysis showed that positive lymph node status was significantly correlated with the increased risk of distant metastasis in all subtypes except the hormone receptor-negative, HER2-positive (HR-/HER2+) subtype. Most p-genes were significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with the HR+/HER2- subtype, whereas i-genes correlated with a favorable outcome in patients with HR-/HER2+ breast cancer. In HR-/HER2+ breast cancer, four genes (three i-genes BTN3A2, CD2, and TRBC1 and the p-gene MMP11) were significantly associated with distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). A new prognostic model for HR-/HER2+ breast cancer based on the expression of MMP11 and CD2 was developed and the DMFS for patients in the high-risk group according to our model was significantly lower than that for those in the low-risk group. Multivariate analyses revealed that our risk score is an independent prognostic factor for DMFS. Moreover, C-index showed that our risk score has a superior prognostic performance to traditional clinicopathological factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our new prognostic model for HR-/HER2+ breast cancer provides more accurate information on the risk of distant metastasis than traditional clinical prognostic factors and may be used to identify patients with a good prognosis in this aggressive subtype of breast cancer.

Human Papillomavirus E6/E7-Specific siRNA Potentiates the Effect of Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo.

The functional inactivation of TP53 and Rb tumor suppressor proteins by the HPV-derived E6 and E7 oncoproteins is likely an important step in cervical carcinogenesis. We have previously shown siRNA technology to selectively silence both E6/E7 oncogenes and demonstrated that the synthetic siRNAs could specifically block its expression in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Herein, we investigated the potentiality of E6/E7 siRNA candidates as radiosensitizers of radiotherapy for the human cervical carcinomas. HeLa and SiHa cells were transfected with HPV E6/E7 siRNA; the combined cytotoxic effect of E6/E7 siRNA and radiation was assessed by using the cell viability assay, flow cytometric analysis and the senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-Gal) assay. In addition, we also investigated the effect of combined therapy with irradiation and E6/E7 siRNA intravenous injection in an in vivo xenograft model. Combination therapy with siRNA and irradiation efficiently retarded tumor growth in established tumors of human cervical cancer cell xenografted mice. In addition, the chemically-modified HPV16 and 18 E6/E7 pooled siRNA in combination with irradiation strongly inhibited the growth of cervical cancer cells. Our results indicated that simultaneous inhibition of HPV E6/E7 oncogene expression with radiotherapy can promote potent antitumor activity and radiosensitizing activity in human cervical carcinomas.

MET is a potential target for use in combination therapy with EGFR inhibition in triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer.

MET, a cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, is involved in the development of triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer (TNBC/BLBC). However, its utility as a therapeutic target in this subtype of breast cancer is poorly understood. To evaluate MET fully as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC/BLBC, we investigated the relationship between MET expression and clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer and the functional effect of MET inhibition. Using automated immunohistochemistry (Ventana), we analyzed MET expression in 924 breast cancer patients with relevant clinicopathologic parameters. BLBC showed the strongest relationship with MET expression (57.5%, p < 0.001). High expression of MET in breast cancer resulted in poor overall survival (p = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, p = 0.010). MET expression was relatively high in TNBC cell lines, and the silencing of MET via small interfering RNA reduced cell proliferation and migration. We observed reduced TNBC cell viability after treatment with the MET inhibitor PHA-665752. In the most drug-resistant cell line, MDA-MB-468, which showed elevated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, silencing of EGFR resulted in increased sensitivity to PHA-665752 treatment. We confirmed that PHA-665752 synergizes with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib to decrease the viability of MDA-MB-468 cells. TNBC patients coexpressing MET and EGFR showed significantly worse DFS than that in patients expressing EGFR alone (p = 0.021). Our findings strongly suggest that MET may be a therapeutic target in TNBC and that the combined therapy targeting MET and EGFR may be beneficial for the treatment of TNBC/BLBC patients.

Prevalence of the CTNNB1 mutation genotype in surgically resected fibromatosis of the breast.

AIMS: To investigate CTNNB1 mutation and ß-catenin expression in resected breast fibromatosis and to identify potential molecular markers of fibromatosis of the breast. METHODS AND RESULTS: We selected 12 patients with fibromatosis of the breast who underwent surgical resection and were confirmed by histological examination. Ultrasonography findings for 10 patients were reviewed and only two cases were suspicious for fibromatosis on imaging. On core needle biopsy for pre-operative diagnoses, only three cases were histologically suspicious for fibromatosis. Mutations in exon 3 of CTNNB1 were detected by direct DNA sequencing in nine (75.0%) cases: all were c.121G>A (p.T41A), which was much more frequent in breast fibromatoses than in other soft tissue lesions. Nuclear ß-catenin expression was observed in all cases and the level of expression was higher in cases with mutation. In eight of nine cases, the matched biopsy specimen showed the same CTNNB1 mutation status as the pre-operative specimen. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of cases, clinical presentation and breast imaging are highly suspicious for carcinoma. Definitive pre-operative pathological diagnosis by core needle biopsy is difficult. CTNNB1 mutation and nuclear ß-catenin expression are frequently detected in sporadic breast fibromatoses, suggesting their potential as a useful tool to distinguish breast fibromatoses from other neoplasms.

Tumor size predicts survival in mucinous gastric carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Mucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC) is a distinct histologic subtype of gastric cancer. However, the prognostic significances of the current TNM staging system and histology in MGC have not been studied. METHODS: 206 patients who underwent R0 resection for MGC were classified by tumor size (<3 cm as T1; ≥ 3-5 cm as T2; ≥ 5-9 cm as T3; and ≥ 9 cm as T4). Immunohistochemistry for EGFR and HER2 was also performed. RESULTS: Tumor sizes ranged from 1.2 to 21.0 cm (median 6.2 cm). Large tumor size (≥ 5 cm) was significantly associated with older patient age, deeper invasion depth, and more frequent lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Tumor size was a significant prognostic factor in both univariate (P < 0.001) and multivariate (P < 0.04) analyses. However, depth of invasion was not significant in multivariate analyses. A modified staging system based on tumor size predicted survival more accurately than did the conventional TNM staging system. We verified our results in an independent validation cohort of 123 MGC patients. Overexpression of either EGFR or HER2 was rare. CONCLUSIONS: In MGCs, tumor size is an independent prognostic factor and a modified TNM system based on tumor size predicted survival accurately.

Effect of multi-dimensional ultraviolet light exposure on the growth of pentacene film and application to organic field-effect transistors.

We report on the multi-dimensional alignment of pentacene molecules on a poly(methyl methacrylate)-based photosensitive polymer (PMMA-polymer) and its effect on the electrical performance of the pentacene-based field-effect transistor (FET). Pentacene molecules are shown to be preferentially aligned on the linearly polarized ultraviolet (LPUV)-exposed PMMA-polymer layer, which is contrast to an isotropic alignment on the bare PMMA-polymer layer. Multi-dimensional alignment of pentacene molecules in the film could be achieved by adjusting the direction of LPUV exposed to the PMMA-polymer. The control of pentacene molecular alignment is found to be promising for the field-effect mobility enhancement in the pentacene FET.

Atomic Structure Evaluation of Solution-Processed a-IZO Films and Electrical Behavior of a-IZO TFTs.

Understanding the chemical reaction pathway of the metal-salt precursor is essential for modifying the properties of solution-processed metal-oxide thin films and further improving their electrical performance. In this study, we focused on the structural growth of solution-processed amorphous indium-zinc-oxide (a-IZO) films and the electrical behavior of a-IZO thin-film transistors (TFT). To this end, solution-processed a-IZO films were prepared with respect to the Zn molar ratio, and their structural characteristics were analyzed. For the structural characteristic analysis of the a-IZO film, the cross-section, morphology, crystallinity, and atomic composition characteristics were used as the measurement results. Furthermore, the chemical reaction pathway of the nitrate precursor-based IZO solution was evaluated for the growth process of the a-IZO film structure. These interpretations of the growth process and chemical reaction pathway of the a-IZO film were assumed to be due to the thermal decomposition of the IZO solution and the structural rearrangement after annealing. Finally, based on the structural/chemical results, the electrical performance of the fabricated a-IZO TFT depending on the Zn concentration was evaluated, and the electrical behavior was discussed in relation to the structural characteristics.

Cyclooxygenase-2-expressing macrophages in human pterygium co-express vascular endothelial growth factor.

PURPOSE: To evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and to characterize COX-2-expressing stromal cells in human pterygium. METHODS: Primary pterygium tissue of Korean patients (eight males and nine females) was analyzed. The clinical characteristics were classified, and immunohistochemical staining using primary antibodies against cyclooxygenease-2, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, cluster of differentiation (CD)68, CD3, CD20, and leukocyte common antigen was performed. RESULTS: COX-2 expression was detected in all pterygium tissues evaluated (17 primary pterygia). Diffuse expression of COX-2 in the epithelial layer was observed in nine samples. Infiltration of strongly positive COX-2 cells into the epithelial layer was a more common observation than diffuse epithelial COX-2 expression. Scattered COX-2-expressing cells in the stromal layer were found in all samples. Some COX-2-positive cells were found within microvessels. In addition to stromal COX-2-expressing cells, a few vascular endothelial cells strongly expressed COX-2; however most of the vessels were negative for COX-2 expression. Stromal COX-2-expressing cells were positive for the macrophage marker CD68 and co-expressed vascular endothelial growth factor. COX-2 expression in normal conjunctiva was not observed in seven control samples. CONCLUSIONS: These COX-2- and vascular endothelial growth factor-expressing macrophages may have relevance to the pathogenesis of pterygium.

Cyclooxygenase-2 is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in uterine leiomyosarcomas.

INTRODUCTION: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a well-known enzyme that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Cyclooxygenase-2 is upregulated in a number of human epithelial tumors, but data about the significance of COX-2 in mesenchymal tumors are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine COX-2 expression in uterine sarcomas and whether a relationship exists between COX-2 expression and clinicopathologic outcomes. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 49 uterine sarcomas (30 leiomyosarcomas, 14 endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 5 carcinosarcomas). Positive staining was defined as moderate or strong staining in 5% or more of tumor cells. RESULTS: Four of 30 leiomyosarcomas, 1 of 14 endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 2 of 5 carcinosarcomas were positive for COX-2 expression. In leiomyosarcomas, COX-2 expression correlated with tumor stage with marginal significance (P = 0.058). Patients with leiomyosarcoma positive for COX-2 expression had a lower overall survival rate than those without COX-2 expression (P = 0.025). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, COX-2 expression, tumor stage, and mitotic count were independently associated with overall survival in leiomyosarcomas. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that immunohistochemically determined COX-2 expression is an independent prognostic factor in uterine leiomyosarcomas. Assessment of COX-2 status might be useful for determining the prognosis in patients with uterine leiomyosarcomas.

Preparation of poly(4-vinylphenol)/titanium dioxide composite and its application as a gate dielectric for organic thin-film transistors.

Organic-inorganic composites can provide a unique feature combining superior dielectric properties of inorganic materials and solution processing capability of organic materials. In this study, poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite was prepared by mixing TiO2 nanoparticles in the PVP solution. In order to avoid severe gate-leakage currents in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with such a composite gate dielectric layer, poly(oxyethylene)(20)-sorbitane monooleate was used as a surfactant for uniform dispersion of TiO2 particles. The dispersion stability of TiO2 nanoparticles in the composite solutions was confirmed by observing its sedimentation time in the composite solutions. The composite dielectric film, fabricated by means of simple spin-coating, provided an enhanced dielectric property and contributed to reducing the threshold voltage of OTFT, without augmenting the gate-leakage current. These results demonstrate that the fabricated composite dielectric film is essentially eligible for low-voltage operating OTFTs.

Illumination Effect on Electrical Characteristics of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): TIPS-Pentacene Blend Thin-Film Transistor.

Organic phototransistors capable of absorbing in the visible light spectrum without color filters are the best alternatives to conventional inorganic phototransistors. In this study, the effect of illumination on the electrical characteristics of a solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene): 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene-blend thin-film transistor (TFT) was investigated. The wavelengths of the irradiated light were determined from the absorbance spectrum of the blended film and changes in the transistor's electrical characteristics were explained in relation to the electrical and light absorption properties of each component material. The photosensitivity and absorbing properties of the blended TFT were enhanced at 515 and 450 nm and exhibited positively shifted threshold voltages under incident light. The results indicated that the photo-generated exci-ton pair characteristics matched the absorbance properties of the blended material and that the absorption and photocurrent characteristics of the respective components could be combined. This process for the heterogeneous blending of organic semiconductors has the potential to improve phototransistor performance and contribute to the development of broadband absorbing phototransistors.

The role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in ocular surface disease pathogenesis after chemical burn in the murine eye.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the wound healing process following severe chemical burns to the ocular surface. METHODS: Chemical burning of the ocular surface was induced in mice (C57BL/6) via the application of 0.1 M NaOH. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA expression in the ocular surface and lacrimal gland was evaluated via real-time reverse transcription PCR on days 2, 7, and 30 after induction of the chemical burn. The expression of MIF protein in the ocular surface and lacrimal gland was evaluated via western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect MIF and vasculoendothelial growth factor in the cornea during the wound healing process. The angiogenic role of MIF was further evaluated using an 8-0 polyglactin suture technique to induce corneal neovascularization. RESULTS: MIF, TNF-α, and IL-1ß mRNA expression were elevated significantly in the ocular surface up to day 30 after chemical burn induction. TNF-α alone was elevated in the lacrimal gland. MIF protein elevation was confirmed via western blot analysis, and the spatial similarity of MIF and VEGF expression in the cornea was noted during the wound healing process. 8-0 polyglactin sutures soaked in MIF induced significantly higher numbers of new vessels on the mouse cornea after 7 days (p=0.003, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that MIF performs a crucial role in wound healing on the ocular surface after the induction of chemical burns.

Triple-negative, basal-like, and quintuple-negative breast cancers: better prediction model for survival.

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) and basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) are known as poor outcome subtypes with a lack of targeted therapy. Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding the difference of prognostic significance between TNBCs and BLBCs. In this study, we aimed to characterize the prognostic features of TNBCs, in view of BLBCs and quintuple-negative breast cancers (QNBC/5NPs). METHODS: Using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis, we categorized 951 primary breast cancers into four or five subtypes according to the expression of ER, PR, HER2, and basal markers (CK5/6, EGFR). RESULTS: The results of this study showed that both TNBCs and BLBCs were associated with high histological and/or nuclear grades. When the TNBCs are divided into two subtypes by the presence of basal markers, the clinicopathologic characteristics of TNBCs were mainly maintained in the BLBCs. The 5-subgrouping was the better prediction model for both disease free and overall survival in breast cancers than the 4-subgrouping. After multivariate analysis of TNBCs, the BLBCs did not have a worse prognosis than the QNBC/5NPs. Interestingly, the patients with BLBCs showed significant adjuvant chemotherapy benefit. In addition, QNBC/5NPs comprised about 6~8% of breast cancers in publicly available breast cancer datasets CONCLUSION: The QNBC/5NP subtype is a worse prognostic subgroup of TNBCs, especially in higher stage and this result may be related to adjuvant chemotherapy benefit of BLBCs, calling for caution in the identification of subgroups of patients for therapeutic classification.

Preventive effects of COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib on renal tubular injury induced by shock wave lithotriptor.

Our study was designed to investigate the protective effect of the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on renal tubules against shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, control, and COX-2 groups. The control group was administrated normal saline. The COX-2 group was administered celecoxib (10 mg/kg). After administration for 1 week, the control and COX-2 groups received 1,000 shock waves. Before and after SWL, 24-h urine was collected. CCr was measured to assess renal function. To determine the renal tubular injury, N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta-2 microglobulin levels in urine were quantified. The COX-2 gene expression was compared between the three groups. Prior to SWL, all groups had similar levels of NAG and beta-2 microglobulin. After SWL, all groups showed similar CCr. Compared with the sham group, control and COX-2 groups produced increase of NAG and beta-2 microglobulin excretion. However, NAG and beta-2 microglobulin excretions were significantly lower in the COX-2 group than control group. The COX-2 gene expression did not increase in the sham group. However, the COX-2 gene expression was significantly increased in the control group, which was prevented by celecoxib in COX-2 group. Biochemical findings supported a renal protective effect of celecoxib on SWL. This study suggests that celecoxib would be useful prior and after SWL because of renal protective effects.

Layer-by-layer structured polymer/TiO2 thin film and its gate dielectric application.

Composite materials of the polymer and inorganic dielectric material have been investigated due to synergistic effect of both flexible properties of the polymer and dielectric properties of the inorganic material. In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/titanium dioxide (PMMA-co-MAA/TiO2) bilayer films were fabricated using a spin coating method followed by a self assembled sol-gel process and then examined for a gate dielectric application of the OTFT. Fracture and surface morphologies of the bilayer film on silicon wafer was observed via both SEM and AFM. Dielectric constant of the composite film synthesized was found to be larger than that of pure polymer film. In addition, with pentacene as a conducting layer, device performance of the composite film was characterized, and it was found that the threshold gate voltage was reduced while the field induced current was increased.

Illumination Effect on Electrical Characteristics of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) Thin-Film Transistors.

We investigate the electrical characteristics of solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) thin-film transistors (TFTs) under monochromatic illumination conditions at different wavelengths of 700, 655, 515, and 315 nm. The TFT characteristics measured under light illumination at the wavelengths of 700 and 655 nm were comparable to those measured in the dark state. In addition, light illumination at a wavelength of 515 nm, of which photon energy (~2.4 eV) is higher than the band gap energy of P3HT (~1.7 eV), had a little effect on the electrical characteristics of P3HT TFTs. On the other hand, the TFT performance was notably changed by light illumination at a wavelength of 315 nm. These results indicate that the photon energy, which cause the characteristic degradation in the solution-processed P3HT TFTs, is much higher than the band gap energy of P3HT. Consequently, the illumination-induced variation in the TFT performance can be understood through a broad distribution of energetic states in the solution-processed P3HT semiconductor.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis presenting with headache.

Idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis is a rare inflammatory disease, usually involving the dura mater of skull base, tentorium, and falx. Chronic headache is the most common clinical manifestations. We report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis that was, initially, misdiagnosed as acute subdural hematoma along the tentorium cerebelli and posterior falx on the brain precontrast CT scan of a patient with severe headache. Correct diagnosis of pachymeningitis was made only after brain magnetic resonance imaging and meningeal biopsy.

Struma ovarii: CT findings.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomographic findings of struma ovarii. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans of 13 pathologically proven struma ovarii were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus. Scans were evaluated for the laterality, size, mass configuration, margins, internal architecture, presence of intracystic high attenuation lesions on precontrast scans, and cyst wall enhancement. RESULTS: The mean size of the tumors was 11.4 cm (range 4.7-21.0 cm). Mainly cystic (n = 8, 61.5%) or cystic (n = 5, 38.5%) appearance was common to all the tumors. All tumors were unilateral and had smooth margins. The most common internal architecture in the tumors was multicystic architecture (n = 11, 84.6%). Eleven tumors (84.6%) showed a high attenuation lesion in the cyst portion of the mass on precontrast scans and the attenuation ranged from 92.2 to 120.5 Hounsfield units (HU) (mean, 106.8 +/- 8.8 HU). The cyst wall showed no (n = 7, 53.8%), moderate (n = 5, 38.5%), or marked (n = 1, 7.7%) enhancement after administration of contrast medium. CONCLUSIONS: On CT scans, struma ovarii appeared most often as a smooth marginated multicystic mass with a high attenuation lesion on precontrast scans and no or moderate cyst wall enhancement.