[Remote simulation with simulated patient: Initial clinical learning experience in medical students]. / Simulación a distancia con paciente simulado: Experiencia inicial de aprendizaje clínico en estudiantes de medicina.

AIM: To contribute to the development of disciplinary and generic competencies of medical students at Universidad Austral de Chile. through the incorporation of student- centered educational didactics such as remote simulation with a simulated patient (SP). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research. Non-probabilistic sample included 68 third-year medical students who played two roles: interviewer and evaluator/observer. An instrument adapted from a satisfaction survey was used, applying it at the end of the experience in an anonymous and voluntary digital format (Google Forms). This tool covered 4 areas: Organization, Methodology, Self-assessment, and Evaluation of teaching performance, with closed Likert-type questions of five ordinal categories, two dichotomous questions (yes/no), and 4 open questions. The quantitative analysis was carried out using the SPSS program, and the qualitative one (open questions) with a progressive reduction scheme through three levels. Confidentiality and the fictional contract were protected with signature. RESULTS: The educational experience was very well valued by the students. Similar tendencies were showed in the perception of simulation among the groups that performed the roles of interviewer and evaluator/observer. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential to incorporate this type of educational experience into the medical curriculum, since it constitutes a valuable contribution to the development of competencies, through experiential learning, connecting the student with reality, with their emotions, knowledge, and abilities. This approach promotes empathy and communication skills, promoting reflection and self-criticism.

Domestic dog origin of Carnivore Protoparvovirus 1 infection in a rescued free-ranging guiña (Leopardus guigna) in Chile.

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 is one of the most important pathogens affecting both wild and domestic carnivores. Here, we reported the genetic characterization of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) strains from a rescued guiña (Leopardus guigna) and domestic dogs from Chile. Guiña strain was classified as CPV-2c, and phylogenetic analysis of the complete coding genome showed that the guiña CPV-2c strain shares a recent common ancestor with Chilean domestic dogs' strains. These viruses showed >99% identity and exhibited three changes in the NS1 protein (V596A, E661K and L582F). This is the first detection and genetic characterization of CPV-2c infection in guiña worldwide, and one of the few comparative studies that show the source of infection was domestic dogs. The current findings highlight the fact that guiña is a susceptible species to protoparvovirus infection and that domestic dogs represent an important threat to its conservation. The CPV-2 cross-species transmission between domestic dogs and guiña should be taken into account for protection programmes of this endangered species.

First Molecular Identification of Canine Parvovirus Type 2 (CPV2) in Chile Reveals High Occurrence of CPV2c Antigenic Variant.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV2) is one of the most important intestinal pathogens in dogs and puppies. CPV2 has been evolved into three genetic and antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c), which are distributed worldwide. We reported the first study of genetic diversity of CPV2 in Chile. Sixty-five samples were collected from puppies presenting with severe gastroenteritis and different vaccination statuses. PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and partial sequencing of the coding region of the structural viral protein VP2 was performed. Thirty of a total of 65 samples tested positive by PCR out of which 19 were further classified as CPV2c and one as CPV2a using RFLP and Sanger sequencing. The phylogeny was in concordance with the RFLP analysis. This is the first report of the genetic characterization of CPV2 in Chile and reveals a high occurrence of CPV2c.

Normative values of vestibulo-ocular reflex gain obtained through Video Head Impulse Test: an integrative literature review / Valores normativos para la ganancia del reflejo vestíbulo ocular obtenidos a través de test de impulso cefálico asistido por video: una revisión integrativa de la literatura

ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify and analyze the available evidence on the reference values of the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain obtained with the video head impulse test. Methods: an integrative review based on the PRISMA protocol, searching the ProQuest, EBSCO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and SciELO databases with keywords. The studies included were original research articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published since 2009, involving humans, written in English, Spanish and/or Portuguese. Results: 10,250 studies related to the keywords were found. Of these, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed following the CADE protocol. On the horizontal plane, the values ranged from 0.80 to 1.06, while on the right anterior/left posterior and on the left anterior/right posterior planes, the values ranged from 0.80 to 1.03. Other relevant data for obtaining the gain were analyzed, such as the number of impulses, the assessor's experience, the patient-object distance, and the percentage of asymmetry. Conclusion: little research on the theme, recently developed and published, mostly in European countries, was found. This shows the need for a greater number of studies to strengthen the scientific evidence.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar y analizar la evidencia disponible sobre los valores de referencia para la ganancia del reflejo vestíbulo ocular, obtenido a través del test de impulso cefálico asistido por video. Método: se realizó una revisión integrativa guiada por protocolo PRISMA en las bases de datos Proquest, Ebsco, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, LILACS y Scielo de acuerdo a términos claves. Fueron incluídos artículos originales de investigación, revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, publicados desde el año 2009, realizados en humanos y en idiomas inglés, español y portugués. Resultados: se encontraron 10.250 estudios relacionados con los términos claves utilizados. 10 artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y fueron analizados según protocolo CADE. Para plano horizontal los valores varían entre 0.80 y 1.06; mientras que para los planos DerechoAnterior/IzquierdoPosterior e IzquierdoAnterior/DerechoPosterior, los valores oscilan entre 0.80 y 1.03. Se analizaron también otros datos relevantes para la obtención de la ganancia, como la cantidad de impulsos, experiencia del evaluador, distancia paciente-objetivo y porcentaje de asimetría. Conclusión: la investigación en torno al tema es escasa, ha sido desarrollada y publicada de manera reciente en países principalmente europeos; demostrando la necesidad de contar con un mayor número de estudios para fortalecer la evidencia científica.