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Background: Anthropometry and body mass index (BMI) do not assess body composition or its distribution in older adults; thus, individuals may have different fat percentages but similar BMI values. The body adiposity index (BAI) was recently proposed as a feasible and inexpensive method for estimating the percentage of body fat based on measurements of hip circumference and height. Objectives: The present study evaluated whether BAI and BMI are useful alternatives to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is rarely used in clinical practice, for predicting body fat in independent long-lived older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used DXA to calculate the percentage of body fat, which was compared with BAI and BMI values. We performed Pearson correlation analyses and used Cronbach's alpha, described by Bland and Altman, to compare the reliability between the indexes. Results: Among 157 evaluated individuals (73.2% women, mean age 87 years, ± 3.57), men had a lower percentage of total fat, as assessed by DXA, and lower BAI indices than women. The correlation between BAI and DXA was moderate (r = 0.59 for men and r = 0.67 for women, p < 0.001). We confirmed the reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.67 in men and 0.77 in women. We also observed that the BAI was strongly positively correlated with BMI in both men and women. Conclusion: The BAI, used in combination with BMI, can be an alternative to DXA for the assessment of body fat in the oldest old in clinical practice, mainly women, and can be used to add information to BMI.
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OBJECTIVES: 1) To characterize the impact of multiple myeloma on the quality of life of patients treated in two public institutions in São Paulo State, Brazil, using a generic Short Form 36 Health Survey and a questionnaire specific for oncologic patients (QLQ-C30) upon diagnosis, after the clinical treatment, and at day +100 after autologous stem cell transplantation; 2) to evaluate whether autologous stem cell transplantation can improve the quality of life of our economically challenged population aside from providing a clinical benefit and disease control. METHODS: We evaluated 49 patients with multiple myeloma (a total of 70 interviews) using the two questionnaires. The scores upon diagnosis, post-treatment/pre-autologous stem cell transplantation, and at D+100 were compared using ANOVA (a comparison of the three groups), post hoc tests (two-by-two comparisons of the three groups), and paired t-tests (the same case at two different times). RESULTS: Of the included patients, 87.8 percent had a family budget under US $600 (economic class C, D, or E) per month. The generic Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire demonstrated that physical function, role-physical, and bodily pain indices were statistically different across all three groups, favoring the D+100 autologous stem cell transplantation group (ANOVA). The questionnaire specific for oncologic patients, the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, confirmed what had been demonstrated by the Short Form 36 Health Survey with respect to physical function and bodily pain, with improvements in role functioning, fatigue, and lack of appetite and constipation, favoring the D+100 autologous stem cell transplant group (ANOVA). The post hoc tests and paired t-tests confirmed a better outcome after autologous stem cell transplantation CONCLUSION: The questionnaire specific for cancer patients seems to be more informative than the generic Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire and reflects the real benefit of autologous stem cell transplantation in the quality of life of multiple myeloma patients in two public Brazilian institutions that provide assistance for economically challenged patients.
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Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Presupuestos/estadística & datos numéricos , Mieloma Múltiple/cirugía , Calidad de Vida , Clase Social , Trasplante de Células Madre , Brasil , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Mieloma Múltiple/fisiopatología , Trasplante Autólogo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: O mieloma múltiplo (MM) é uma doença maligna incurável caracterizada pela proliferação de um único clone de plasmócitos na medula óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência e o valor prognóstico da expressão dos fenótipos aberrantes em pacientes com MM por meio de citometria de fluxo multiparamétrica. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no Hospital São Paulo/Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), sendo analisados de maneira prospectiva 30 pacientes portadores de MM ao diagnóstico. Na tentativa de identificar as células mielomatosas por citometria de fluxo (FACScalibur, BD), foram utilizados anticorpos monoclonais anti-CD138, anti-CD38, anti-CD45 específicos para seleção dos plasmócitos. O grupo controle consistiu em quatro doadores saudáveis de medula óssea. RESULTADOS: Todos os plasmócitos mielomatosos expressaram pelo menos um fenótipo aberrante, e CD56+++, CD117++, CD33++, CD13++, CD28++ foram os marcadores mais frequentes, observados em 88 por cento dos pacientes. Os marcadores linfoides foram encontrados nos casos com maior número de fenótipos aberrantes. DISCUSSÃO: Os antígenos CD56+++ e CD28++ apresentaram altos níveis de β2-microglobulina, sendo estes associados a estágios mais agressivos da doença e maior massa tumoral. A ausência da molécula de adesão CD56 foi relacionada com altos níveis de β2M e de cálcio iônico, mostrando que este achado pode ter valor prognóstico. CONCLUSÃO: A partir deste estudo concluiu-se que os fenótipos aberrantes estão presentes na maioria dos casos de MM e que a imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo multiparamétrica é uma boa ferramenta para distinguir células plasmáticas normais dos plasmócitos mielomatosos.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy characterized by the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells in bone marrow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and prognostic value of the expression of aberrant phenotypes in patients with multiple myeloma by multiparametric flow cytometry. METHODS: The study was carried out at Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Federal University of São Paulo and 30 patients with MM were analyzed prospectively. In an attempt to identify myeloma cells by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur, BD), specific monoclonal antibodies anti-CD138, anti-CD38 and anti-CD45 were used for the selection of plasma cells. The control group comprised four healthy bone marrow donors. RESULTS: All myeloma plasma cells expressed at least one aberrant phenotype and CD56+++, CD117++, CD33++, CD13++ and CD28++ markers were more frequently observed in 88 percent of patients. Lymphoid markers were found in cases with a higher number of aberrant phenotypes. DISCUSSION: CD56+++ and CD28++ antigens showed high levels of β2-microglobulin, which are associated with more aggressive stages of the disease and larger tumor mass. The absence of adhesion molecule CD56 was associated with high levels of β2M and calcium ion, showing that this finding may have prognostic value. CONCLUSION: From this study it was concluded that the aberrant phenotypes are present in most cases of MM, and immunophenotyping by multiparametric flow cytometry is a useful tool to distinguish normal plasma cells from myeloma plasma cells.
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Humanos , Citometría de Flujo , Inmunofenotipificación/métodos , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Fenotipo , Células Plasmáticas , PronósticoRESUMEN
A presente revisão tem por objetivo avaliar o estado atual do tratamento de primeira linha dos pacientes com MM. O paciente com MM assintomático não deve receber tratamento ao diagnóstico, mas apenas quando surgirem indicações. Para o paciente sintomático (anemia, hipercalcemia, alteração da função renal, presença de lesões líticas ou plasmocitoma extramedular, aumento progressivo do componente-M no soro e/ou urina), o tratamento deverá ser rapidamente instituído. Aqueles pacientes com menos de 65-70 anos, com bom performance status, sem comorbidades e com função renal próxima do normal são potencialmente candidatos à consolidação com altas doses de quimioterapia seguidas de transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoéticas. Portanto, não devem utilizar drogas alquilantes para evitar prejuízos à mobilização das células-tronco. São opções: dexametasona, VAD e talidomida (com ou sem dexametasona). Os pacientes com mais de 65-70 anos, com performance status ruim, comorbidades e com função renal alterada podem receber tratamento com agentes alquilantes (por exemplo, melfalano e prednisona, com ou sem talidomida) pois não serão submetidos a transplante. O principal objetivo nesses casos é atingir resposta com mínima toxicidade.
The aim of this review is to evaluate the current status of first line treatment in multiple myeloma. Asymptomatic patients should not receive treatment at diagnosis. However, symptomatic patients (anemia, hypercalcemia, deterioration in renal function, lytic lesions or extramedullary plasmacytomas, increase of M-component in serum or urine) should receive treatment as soon as possible. Patients younger than 65-70 years old with good performance status, no concurrent diseases and normal renal function are possible candidates for consolidation using high-dose chemotherapy followed by stem-cell transplantation. Therefore, they should not receive drugs that could potentially interfere with stem-cell mobilization (such as alkylating agents). Thus, their treatment options are: dexamethasone, VAD and thalidomide (with or without dexamethasone). Thalidomide should be preferentially used in the context of clinical trials due to increased risks of neuropathy and thrombosis. Patients older than 65-70 years old and those with bad performance status, concurrent diseases or deterioration of renal function can receive alkylating agents (such as melphalan/prednisone) because they are not candidates for stem cell transplantation. The aim of their treatment is to reach a disease plateau with low toxicity rates. Other alkylating agents, thalidomide and corticosteroid combinations have higher response rates than melphalan/prednisone however, these combinations present more side effects and do not increase overall survival.
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Humanos , Quimioterapia , Mieloma Múltiple , TerapéuticaRESUMEN
Relatamos um caso de linfoma näo Hodgkin de grandes células B em gânglios da regiäo cervical e retroperitôneo e com sítios de comprometimento extra nodal: encéfalo, calota craniana, couro cabeludo e infiltraçäo de vértebra T4. O perfil sorológico se mostrou negativo para anticorpos anti-HIV e a paciente foi tratada com seis ciclos de quimioterapia sistêmica de terceira geraçäo para linfomas agressivos (ProMACE-CytaBOM) em doses convencionais e radioterapia em encéfalo (dose total 4.000 cGY).Encontra-se em remissäo clínica e radiológica completa dez meses após o diagnóstico de linfoma. Discutimos o tratamento do linfoma primário de sistema central em pacientes näo imunodeprimidos.