Plasma SHBG Levels as an Early Predictor of Response to Bariatric Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing global health problem, and currently, bariatric surgery (BS) is the best solution in terms of sustained total weight loss (TWL). However, a significant number of patients present weight regain (WR) in time. There is a lack of biomarkers predicting the response to BS and WR during the follow-up. Plasma SHBG levels, which are low in obesity, increase 1 month after BS but there is no data of plasma SHBG levels at long term. We performed the present study aimed at exploring the SHBG role in predicting TWL and WR after BS. METHODS: Prospective study including 62 patients with obesity undergoing BS. Anthropometric and biochemical variables, including SHBG were analyzed at baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 24 months; TWL ≥ 25% was considered as good BS response. RESULTS: Weight loss nadir was achieved at 12 months post-BS where maximum SHBG increase was reached. Greater than or equal to 25% TWL patients presented significantly higher SHBG increases at the first and sixth months of follow-up with respect to baseline (100% and 150% respectively, p = 0.025), than < 25% TWL patients (40% and 50% respectively, p = 0.03). Also, these presented 6.6% WR after 24 months. The first month SHBG increase predicted BS response at 24 months (OR = 2.71; 95%CI = [1.11-6.60]; p = 0.028) and TWL in the 12th month (r = 0.330, p = 0.012) and the WR in the 24th (r = - 0.301, p = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed for the first time that increase in plasma SHBG levels within the first month after BS is a good predictor of TWL and WR response after 2 years.

Osteotomía periacetabular en el tratamiento de displasia de cadera mediante técnica mini-invasiva. Nuestros resultados a medio plazo en 131 casos / Periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia treatment through a mini-invasive technique. Our results at mid-term in 131 cases

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: La osteotomía periacetabular (OPA) es una técnica utilizada para el tratamiento de la displasia residual, incluso en caderas inestables con cobertura acetabular limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones en pacientes tratados mediante OPA mini-invasiva. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo que analiza 131 casos intervenidos con OPA en nuestro centro. Se determinó de forma prequirúrgica y al final del seguimiento el grado de degeneración articular con la escala de Tönnis, el ángulo de Wiberg, el índice acetabular, el ángulo de cobertura anterior, el espacio articular, las posibles complicaciones y el resultado funcional mediante la escala Non-Arthritic Hip Score. RESULTADOS: La edad media de 32,3±9,5 (DE) años, 102 (77,9%) fueron mujeres y 29 (22,1%) fueron hombres. El seguimiento fue de 7,7±2,8 (DE) años. Se obtuvo una mejora en los parámetros radiológicos entre el momento prequirúrgico y al final del seguimiento, ángulo de Wiberg de+18,5° (18,3° versus 36,8°, IC 95%: 17,3 a 19,7), ángulo de cobertura anterior de+13,5° (26,2° versus 39,7°, IC 95%: 11,6 a 15,4) y el índice acetabular de -11,1° (19,5° versus 8,4°; IC 95%: -12,1 a -10,1). Además, los resultados funcionales con la escala Non-Arthritic Hip Score mejoraron en+31,3 puntos (60,7 prequirúrgico versus 92 último seguimiento posquirúrgico; IC 95%: 28,7 a 33,8). La complicación más frecuente fue la disestesia transitoria del nervio fémoro-cutáneo lateral en 10 casos (7%). CONCLUSIÓN: La osteotomía periacetabular mediante el abordaje mini-invasivo es una técnica reproducible, permite restaurar la cobertura acetabular y proporciona una mejora en las escalas funcionales según confirma nuestra serie

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an accepted and worldwide technique recognized for residual dysplasia treatment and even in unstable hips with limited acetabular coverage. The aim of this study is to analyse the functional, radiological and complication results in patients treated with mini-invasive PAO. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study in which we analysed 131 cases undergoing mini-invasive PAO at our centre. The degree of joint degeneration was evaluated with Tönnis scale, Wiberg angle, acetabular index (AI), anterior coverage angle (AC), joint space, complications and functional outcome with the Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS) were analysed preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The average age was 32.3±9.5 (SD) years, 102 (77.9%) were female and 29 (22.1%) were male. 7.7±2.8 (SD) years follow up. The radiological parameters improved between the pre-surgical phase and the end of follow-up, Wiberg angle+18.5° (18.3° versus 36.8°, 95% CI 17.3 to 19.7), AC angle+13.5° (26.2° versus 39.7°, 95%CI 11.6 to 15.4) and the AI -11.1° (19.5° versus 8.4°; 95%CI -12.1 to -10,1). In addition, the functional results, with the NAHS scale, improved+31.3 points (60.7 pre-surgical versus 92 at the end of follow-up, 95% CI 28.7 to 33.8). The most common complication was transient lateral femoral cutaneous nerve hypoaesthesia in 10 cases (7%). CONCLUSION: The mini-invasive PAO approach is a reproducible technique, it allows restoration of acetabular coverage and provides an improvement in functional scales as confirmed by our series

Etapa de diagnóstico del Cáncer de Próstata ¿Estamos llegando a tiempo? / Prostate cancer stage at diagnosis. Are we running late?

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de próstata es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado en hombres en Chile y el mundo. El tamizaje modificó la etapa de diagnóstico, siendo actualmente en EE.UU. un 80 por cinto localizada, 12 por cinto compromiso regional y 4 por ciento metastásico. Tamizaje con APE no está considerado dentro de un programa nacional en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a la población diagnosticada de cáncer de próstata en un Hospital público en Chile. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisaron todas las fichas de los pacientes ingresados al GES por Cáncer de Próstata en el Hospital Carlos Van Buren de Valparaíso desde el año 2014 a 2016. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 259 fichas y se analizaron 226. Edad promedio fue 70,5 años. 46 por ciento presentó APE sobre 20 ng/dL. 31 por ciento presentó metástasis. 42 por ciento recibió tratamiento paliativo. 57 por ciento se realizó tratamiento curativo, con edad promedio 67,4 años. De estos, 31,8 por ciento a cirugía, 68 por ciento índice Gleason <6 y 90 por ciento APE <20. 68 por ciento a RDT con o sin HT, 44 por ciento índice Gleason <6, 75 por ciento APE <20. DISCUSIÓN: El tamizaje del cáncer de próstata es un tema en discusión. En Chile no hay un programa nacional para realizar APE. Centros de atención primaria con acceso a APE tienen mayor tasa de tamizaje. La etapa al diagnóstico en nuestro centro difiere a las series de países desarrollados, siendo considerablemente superior la etapa metastásica. Esto podría deberse a la poca cobertura para detección temprana. Parece ser necesario implementar un programa nacional con cobertura de tamizaje para cáncer de próstata.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cáncer in Chile and the world. Screening modified the stage at diagnosis, beeing now in the US 80 pertcent localized, 12 pertcent with regional compromised and 4 pertcent metastatic. Screening with PSA isn't considerd within a national program in Chile. The objetive of this study is to caracterize men diagnosed with prostate cancer at a public hospital in Chile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study. Every patient who entered GES because of prostate cancer at the Carlos Van Buren Hospital from Valparaiso between 2014 and 2016 was review. RESULTS: 259 clinical records were review and 226 analized. Mean age was 70,5 years. 46 pertcent had PSA above 20 ng/dL. 31 % had metástasis. 42 % received paliative treatment. 57 % had curative treatment with a mean age of 67,4 years.From this group 31,8 pertcent surgery with a Gleason index <6 and 90 pertcent PSA <20. 68 pertcent had EBRT with or without HT, 44 pertcent of this group had Gleason index <6 and 75 pertcent PSA <20. DISCUSSION: Prostate cancer screening it's a debated topic. In Chile there's no national program to do a PSA. Primary care centers with acces to PSA have more rate of screening. Stage at diagnosis in our center difers from developed countries series, beeing metastatic stage considerably superior. This could be because of the low screening rate for early diagnosis. It seems necesary to implement a national program for prostate cancer screening.(AU)

Adaptation and validation of the Bristol scale stool form translated into the Spanish language among health professionals and patients

Background: stool type represents an important semiologic part of medical interviews. The Bristol Scale Stool Form is a clinical tool to evaluate stool consistency and form. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Bristol Scale Stool Form into Spanish. Differences in validation results between health professionals and patients surveyed were also evaluated. Methods: the study population included 79 physicians, 79 nurses, and 78 patients. Subjects were invited to match a randomly selected text defining one of the seven stool types in the scale with one of seven drawings described originally. A random selection of samples was offered for re-test reliability. Results: the overall Kappa index was 0.708. Thirty-two subjects repeated the test for a test-retest assessment in a mean interval of 7.76 days, and the percentage concordance between definition and image was 84.4% with a Kappa index of 0.816. There were no differences in the validation study between physicians, nurses, and patients. Conclusions: this study has shown that the Spanish version of the Bristol Scale Stool Form is reliable for use as a tool to evaluate stool consistency and form(AU)

Revisión sistemática de estudios poblacionales de prevalencia de catarata / Systematic review of population-based studies of the prevalence of cataracts

Objetivo: El envejecimiento de la población ha provocado un aumento de la prevalencia de cataratas afectando a una amplia y creciente proporción de la población. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la prevalencia de catarata a partir de estudios poblacionales mediante una revisión bibliográfica sistemática y exhaustiva. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios poblacionales de prevalencia e incidencia de cataratas, realizados en población sana no institucionalizada, mayor de 40 años, de raza blanca, con una muestra superior a 1.000 individuos y cuyo año de publicación estuviera entre 1980 y 2002. Resultados: Diez estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión (3 europeos, 5 de Estados Unidos y 2 australianos), realizados entre 1984 y 2001. La prevalencia de catarata según opacificación del cristalino en los estudios que la describen estaba entre el 15 y 19%. Cuando se define catarata como opacificación y nivel de agudeza visual conjuntamente los estudios describen prevalencias entre el 15 y 30%. La prevalencia aumenta con la edad, alcanzando entre un 40% y más del 60% de la población a partir de los 70/75 años. Las mujeres tienen una prevalencia mayor que los hombres, con un aumento más pronunciado en edades más avanzadas. Conclusiones: No existe una forma estandarizada de medir la prevalencia de catarata, lo que dificulta la comparación entre los estudios. La prevalencia de catarata fue mayor en los grupos de mayor edad y entre las mujeres, en especial en edades mayores. La creciente prevalencia asociada a la edad muestra el aumento de la carga poblacional de las cataratas asociada al envejecimiento de la población

Objective: The prevalence of cataracts has increased due to the progressive ageing of the population and the fact that cataracts affect a wide and increasing proportion of the population. The goal of the present study was to describe the prevalence of cataracts through a systematic and exhaustive review of population-based studies. Methods: A systematic review of population-based studies of the prevalence and incidence of cataracts was performed. Inclusion criteria were: a healthy non- institutionalised population, older than 40 years of age, of white race, with a sample size of greater than 1,000 and published between 1980 and 2002. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria (3 European, 5 from the United States and 2 from Australia), and were performed between 1984 and 2001. The cataract prevalence, according to lens opacity criteria, ranged between 15% and 19%. When the cataract was defined as a lens opacity combined with a decreased visual acuity, the prevalence ranged from 15% to 30%. The overall prevalence increased with age, reaching 40% and more than 60% in populations older than 70 and 75 years respectively. The prevalence among women was higher than that among men, with a more marked increase being evident at older ages than for men. Conclusions: There were variations among the criteria used to measure the prevalence of cataract, which made it difficult to compare all the studies. Overall the prevalence was higher in the older population, especially among women. The increasing prevalence associated with age predicts an increasing burden of cataract to health services, this being particularly related to the ageing of the population

Uso compasivo de certolizumab en enfermedad de Crohn / No disponible

No disponible

Prognostic value of the interpectoral lymph nodes in breast cancer. A 20-year survival study

No disponible

Introduction. The indication and extent of axillarylymph node dissection in breast cancer remainsopen to controversy.Materials and method. In this context, a 20-yearsurvival study has been made of 1600 breast cancerpatients subjected during surgical treatment to systematicdissection of the acromiothoracic vascularpedicle together with the accompanying lymphnodes (Rotter and Grossman interpectoral lymphnode groups). An anatomical study of these nodeswas also conducted in 100 necropsies, with the evaluationof 200 acromiothoracic vascular pedicles.Results. The interpectoral lymph nodes were anatomicallypresent in 42% of the necropsies and in35.1% of the patients subjected to surgery. The prognosiswas much worse in cases of neoplastic infiltrationof the interpectoral lymph nodes (Kaplan-Meier survival study), regardless of the influence ofother prognostic factors.Conclusions. In view of the results obtained, thedesignation of grade N3 of the TNM classification isproposed for malignancies with positive interpectorallymph node infiltration

Cribado de la enfermedad celíaca en grupos de riesgo / Screening for celiac disease in high risk groups

Diversos estudios epidemiológicos muestran que la enfermedad celíaca con manifestaciones extraintestinales es 15 veces más frecuente que la que se presenta con síntomas intestinales. Hace ya años que se propuso el «modelo del iceberg» para explicar la epidemiología de la enfermedad celíaca. Por un lado, hay un número cuantificable de pacientes que son correctamente diagnosticados porque presentan síntomas sugestivos y forman la parte visible del iceberg. Sin embargo, diversos estudios, que emplean técnicas de cribado mediante serología, demuestran que por cada paciente diagnosticado, hay una media de 5-10 casos que no lo estaban. Estos casos forman la parte sumergida del iceberg (enfermedad celíaca monosintomática o silenciosa). La estrategia más aceptada para investigar la porción sumergida del «iceberg celíaco» es el cribado de grupos de riesgo reconocidos, mediante un proceso de búsqueda sistemática de enfermedad celíaca

Several epidemiological studies show that celiac disease with extraintestinal manifestations is 15 times more frequent than celiac disease with intestinal symptoms. Fifteen years ago the iceberg model was proposed to explain the epidemiology of this disease. On the one hand, there are a quantifiable number of patients who are correctly diagnosed since they have symptoms suggestive of this disease and who form the visible part of the iceberg. However, several studies using screening serology demonstrate that for each patient diagnosed, there is a mean of 5-10 patients without a diagnosis. These patients form the submerged part of the iceberg (monosymptomatic or silent celiac disease). The most widely accepted strategy to investigate the submerged part of the "celiac iceberg" is screening of known risk groups through a systematic search for celiac disease in these groups