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Multisubunit Tethering Complexes (MTCs) are a set of conserved protein complexes that tether vesicles at the acceptor membrane. Interactions with other components of the trafficking machinery regulate MTCs through mechanisms that are partially understood. Here, we systematically investigate the interactome that regulates MTCs. We report that P4-ATPases, a family of lipid flippases, interact with MTCs that participate in the anterograde and retrograde transport at the Golgi, such as TRAPPIII. We use the P4-ATPase Drs2 as a paradigm to investigate the mechanism and biological relevance of this interplay during transport of Atg9 vesicles. Binding of Trs85, the sole-specific subunit of TRAPPIII, to the N-terminal tail of Drs2 stabilizes TRAPPIII on membranes loaded with Atg9 and is required for Atg9 delivery during selective autophagy, a role that is independent of P4-ATPase canonical functions. This mechanism requires a conserved I(S/R)TTK motif that also mediates the interaction of the P4-ATPases Dnf1 and Dnf2 with MTCs, suggesting a broader role of P4-ATPases in MTC regulation.
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Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/genética , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Proteínas Relacionadas con la Autofagia/genética , Proteínas Relacionadas con la Autofagia/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/química , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/metabolismo , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismoRESUMEN
Rhizosphere and root associated bacteria are key components of plant microbiomes and influence crop production. In sustainable agriculture, it is important to investigate bacteria diversity in various plant species and how edaphic factors influence the bacterial microbiome. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to assess bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere and root interior of canola, wheat, field pea, and lentil grown at four locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Rhizosphere bacteria communities exhibited distinct profiles among crops and sampling locations. However, each crop was associated with distinct root endophytic bacterial communities, suggesting that crop species may influence the selection of root bacterial microbiome. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the root interior, whereas Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, and Acidobacteria were prevalent in the rhizosphere soil. Pseudomonas and Stenotrophomonas were predominant in the rhizosphere and root interior, whereas Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Rhizobium, Streptomyces, Variovorax, and Xanthomonas were dominant in the root interior of all crops. The relative abundance of specific bacterial groups in the rhizosphere correlated with soil pH and silt and organic matter contents; however, there was no correlation between root endophytes and analyzed soil properties. These results suggest that the root microbiome may be modulated by plant factors rather than soil characteristics.
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Productos Agrícolas/microbiología , Microbiota , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Rizosfera , Microbiología del Suelo , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Especificidad del Huésped , Saskatchewan , Suelo/química , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
TGIF1 is a multifunctional protein that represses TGF-ß-activated transcription by interacting with Smad2-Smad4 complexes. We found that the complex structure of TGIF1-HD bound to the TGACA motif revealed a combined binding mode that involves the HD core and the major groove, on the one hand, and the amino-terminal (N-term) arm and the minor groove of the DNA, on the other. We also show that TGIF1-HD interacts with the MH1 domain of Smad proteins, thereby indicating that TGIF1-HD is also a protein-binding domain. Moreover, the formation of the HD-MH1 complex partially hinders the DNA-binding site of the complex, preventing the efficient interaction of TGIF1-HD with DNA. We propose that the binding of the TGIF1 C-term to the Smad2-MH2 domain brings both the HD and MH1 domain into close proximity. This local proximity facilitates the interaction of these DNA-binding domains, thus strengthening the formation of the protein complex versus DNA binding. Once the protein complex has been formed, the TGIF1-Smad system would be released from promoters/enhancers, thereby illustrating one of the mechanisms used by TGIF1 to exert its function as an active repressor of Smad-induced TGF-ß signaling.
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ADN/química , Proteínas de Homeodominio/química , Proteínas Represoras/química , Proteína Smad2/química , Proteína Smad4/química , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/química , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Clonación Molecular , Cristalografía por Rayos X , ADN/genética , ADN/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Vectores Genéticos/química , Vectores Genéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Motivos de Nucleótidos , Unión Proteica , Conformación Proteica en Hélice alfa , Conformación Proteica en Lámina beta , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Alineación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transducción de Señal , Proteína Smad2/genética , Proteína Smad2/metabolismo , Proteína Smad4/genética , Proteína Smad4/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
This paper presents three different approaches to recognize driving style based on a hierarchical-model. Specifically, it proposes a hierarchical model for the recognition of the driving style for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) for vehicles. This hierarchical model for the recognition of the style of the car driving considers three aspects: the driver emotions, the driver state, and finally, the driving style itself. In this way, the proposed hierarchical pattern is composed of three levels of descriptors/features, one to recognize the emotional states, another to recognize the driver state, and the last one to recognize the driving style. Each level has a set of descriptors, which can be sensed in a real context. Finally, the paper presents three driving style recognition algorithms based on different paradigms. One is based on fuzzy logic, another is based on chronicles (a temporal logic paradigm), and the last is based on an algorithm that uses the idea of the recognition process of the neocortex, called Ar2p (Algoritmo Recursivo de Reconocimiento de Patrones, for its acronym in Spanish). In the paper, these approaches are compared using real datasets, using different metrics of interest in the context of the Internet of the Things, in order to determine their capabilities of reasoning, adaptation, and the communication of information. In general, the initial results are encouraging, specifically in the cases of chronicles and Ar2p, which give the best results.
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Physical inactivity and poor diet cause alterations in body composition, which in turn increases risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Sixty-three women from different work environments were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 34) or control (n = 29) group. The intervention was a short-term aerobic exercise program (12 weeks) at their workplace. Participants assigned to the control group did not perform any form of physical exercise. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Questionnaire (KIDMED) and nutrient balance by the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Researchers suggest that a short-term aerobic exercise program produces beneficial effects on body composition.
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Composición Corporal/fisiología , Dieta Mediterránea , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Obesidad/terapia , Lugar de Trabajo , Absorciometría de Fotón , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Dieta , Terapia por Ejercicio , Femenino , Humanos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al TratamientoRESUMEN
A total of 55 enterococci (45 Enterococcus faecium, 7 Enterococcus faecalis, and three Enterococcus durans) isolated from the meat of wild game animals (roe deer, boar, rabbit, pheasant, and pigeon) in North-Western Spain were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials by the disc diffusion method. All strains showed a multi-resistant phenotype (resistance to between three and 10 antimicrobials). The strains exhibited high percentages of resistance to erythromycin (89.1%), tetracycline (67.3%), ciprofloxacin (92.7%), nitrofurantoin (67.3%), and quinupristin-dalfopristin (81.8%). The lowest values (9.1%) were observed for high-level resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. The average number of resistances per strain was 5.8 for E. faecium isolates, 7.9 for E. faecalis, and 5.7 for E. durans. Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence were studied by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 15 (57.7%) of the 26 vancomycin-resistant isolates harboured the vanA gene. Other resistance genes detected included vanB, erm(B) and/or erm(C), tet(L) and/or tet(M), acc(6')-aph(2â³), and aph(3')-IIIa in strains resistant to vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and kanamycin, respectively. Specific genes of the Tn5397 transposon were detected in 54.8% of the tet(M)-positive enterococci. Nine virulence factors (gelE, agg, ace, cpd, frs, esp, hyl, efaAfs and efaAfm) were studied. All virulence genes, with the exception of the frs gene, were found to be present in the enterococcal isolates. At least one virulence gene was detected in 20.0% of E. faecium, 71.4% of E. faecalis and 33.3% of E. durans isolates, with ace and cpd being the most frequently detected genes (6 isolates each). This suggests that wild game meat might play a role in the spreading through the food chain of enterococci with antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants to humans.
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Animales Salvajes/microbiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Enterococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus/genética , Carne/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Columbidae/microbiología , Ciervos/microbiología , Enterococcus/clasificación , Enterococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Conejos/microbiología , España , Porcinos/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the abdomen, with use of contrast medium, is able to detect and differentiate most focal liver lesions. AIM: To determine the prevalence and features of benign focal liver lesions (BFLL) detected by abdominal MDCT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the reports of contrast abdominal MDCT performed to outpatients between August 2011 and July 2012. Clinical data of examined patients and imaging findings in terms of description of the hepatic parenchyma and the presence of BFLL, were recorded. RESULTS: Data from 1,184 studies were analyzed. Of these, 461 studies (38.4%) reported BFLL. The most prevalent lesions were simple cysts in 290 studies (24%) and hemangiomas in 61 studies (5.1%), granuloma-calcification in 39 (3.2%), focal nodular hyperplasia in 19 (1.6%) and one adenoma. If patients with known causes of liver disease were excluded, the prevalence of BFLL did not change substantially (lesions were found in 396 (37.5%) patients). Compared with livers with signs of damage, normal livers had more cystic lesions (27 and 16.2% respectively, p = 0.014) and hemangiomas (5.3 and 1.1% respectively, p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: BFLL are very common findings in MDCT studies. Most of these lesions are simple cysts and hemangiomas.
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Quistes/diagnóstico por imagen , Granuloma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemangioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Hepatopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada Multidetector , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Chile/epidemiología , Medios de Contraste , Femenino , Humanos , Hepatopatías/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Hepáticas/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Distribución por Sexo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The occurrence of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) mycotoxins in wheat grains is a major threat to global food safety and security. Humans and animals are continuously being exposed to Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON through the ingestion of contaminated food or grain-based diet. In this study, a host-specific mycoparasite biocontrol agent (BCA), Sphaerodes mycoparasitica, significantly reduced FHB mycotoxin occurrence in harvested wheat grains from Fusarium graminearum 3ADON chemotype infected plants in greenhouse. Four genotypes of wheat, two common wheat and two durum wheat cultivars with varying FHB resistance levels were used in this study. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) using Illumina ITS sequences depicted beta diversity changes in Fusarium species indicating that both plant cultivar and BCA treatments influenced the Fusarium species structure and mycotoxin occurrence in grains. Fusarium graminearum complex (cluster A), F. avenaceum and F. acuminatum (cluster B), and F. proliferatum (cluster C) variants were associated with different FHB mycotoxins based on LC-MS/MS analyses. The predominant FHB mycotoxins measured were DON and its acetylated derivatives 3ADON and 15ADON. The BCA reduced the occurrence of DON in grains of all four cultivars (common wheat: 1000-30,000 µg·kg-1.; durum wheat: 600-1000 µg·kg-1) to levels below the Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 16 µg·kg-1. A relatively higher concentration of DON was detected in the two common wheat genotypes when compared to the durum wheat genotype; however, the percentage reduction in the wheat genotypes was greater, reaching up to 99% with some S. mycoparasitica treatments. Similarly, a higher reduction in DON was measured in susceptible genotypes than in resistant genotypes. This study's findings underscore the potential of a Fusarium-specific S. mycoparasitica BCA as a safe and promising alternative that can be used in conjunction with other management practices to minimize FHB mycotoxins in cereal grain, food and feed intended for human and animal consumption.
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The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical applications has expanded exponentially in recent years. However, the current portfolio of 3D printable inks is still limited. For instance, only few protein matrices have been explored as printing/bioprinting materials. Here, we introduce the use of zein, the primary constitutive protein in maize seeds, as a 3D printable material. Zein-based inks were prepared by dissolving commercial zein powder in ethanol with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as a plasticizer. The rheological characteristics of our materials, studied during 21 days of aging/maturation, showed an increase in the apparent viscosity as a function of time in all formulations. The addition of PEG400 decreased the apparent viscosity. Inks with and without PEG400 and at different maturation times were tested for printability in a BioX bioprinter. We optimized the 3D printing parameters for each ink formulation in terms of extrusion pressure and linear printing velocity. Higher fidelity structures were obtained with inks that had maturation times of 10 to 14 days. We present different proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the versatility of the engineered zein inks for diverse biomedical applications. These include printing of complex and/or free-standing 3D structures, tablets for controlled drug release, and scaffolds for cell culture.
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Bioimpresión , Zeína , Tinta , Impresión Tridimensional , Zea maysRESUMEN
An expansion in the consumption of pigeon meat has occurred in recent years. However, little is known about microbial load and antibiotic resistance of this foodstuff. The hygiene status and the antibiotic resistance patterns (disc diffusion; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI) of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis isolates from wild and domestic pigeon carcasses were investigated. Average microbial loads (log10 cfu/cm2) ranged from 1.40 ± 1.17 (fecal coliforms) to 3.68 ± 1.40 (psychrotrophs). The highest (p < 0.05) microbial loads were observed in domestic pigeons. No substantial differences were found between isolates from domestic and wild pigeons with regard to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Of the E. coli strains, 20.00% were susceptible, 25.00% showed resistance or reduced susceptibility to one antimicrobial and 55.00% were multi-resistant. Among the E. faecalis isolates, 2.22% were susceptible and 97.78% were multi-resistant. The greatest prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility among E. coli was observed for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20.00% strains), ampicillin (26.67%), streptomycin (55.00%) and tobramycin (20.00%). The prevalence of resistance or reduced susceptibility among E. faecalis ranged from 31.11% (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) to 97.78% (erythromycin). Meat from pigeons is a major reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The need for the correct handling of this foodstuff in order to reduce risks to consumers is underlined.
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Monitoring resistance to antibiotics in wild animals may assist in evaluating tendencies in the evolution of this major public health problem. The aims of this research work were to determine the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from the meat of wild or domestically reared pigeons from Spain, to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and to carry out a phylogenetic classification of the isolates. Of the 37 E. coli strains tested, 32.43% of them belonged to the B2 phylogenetic group, which is often implicated in extra-intestinal infections. None of the strains showed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase activity. All the isolates presented resistance or reduced susceptibility to two or more antibiotics, with high levels of resistance to ß-lactams, aminoglycosides and tetracycline. Ten resistance genes were detected, the most frequent of which were ampC, conferring resistance to ampicillin and aadA, conferring resistance to streptomycin. In total, 97.30% of the strains carried virulence factors (between one and five). The strains from pigeons reared in captivity harboured higher average numbers of resistance and virulence genes than isolates from wild pigeons. Pigeon meat is an important reservoir of E. coli with genes for antibiotic resistance and virulence having the potential to cause disease in humans.
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Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a key process in the development of renal fibrosis. In fact, EMT-derived fibroblasts contribute to the progression of chronic renal disease. In addition, anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages have exhibited a great influence on renal fibrosis. However, because of the high impact that the inputs of different environmental cytokines have on their phenotype, macrophages can easily lose this property. We aim to known if microencapsulated macrophages on M2-inducing alginate matrices could preserve macrophage phenotype and thus release factors able to act on epithelial cells to prevent the epithelial differentiation towards mesenchymal cells. We reproduced an in vitro model of EMT by treating adipose-derived stem cells with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and induced their transformation toward epithelia. Dedifferentiation of epithelial cells into a mesenchymal phenotype occurred when ATRA was retired, thus simulating EMT. Results indicate that induction of M2 phenotype by IL-10 addition in the alginate matrix produces anti-inflammatory cytokines and increases the metabolic activity and the viability of the encapsulated macrophages. The released conditioned medium modulates EMT and maintains healthy epithelial phenotype. This could be used for in vivo cell transplantation, or alternatively as an external releaser able to prevent epithelial to mesenchymal transformation for future anti-fibrotic therapies.
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Medios de Cultivo Condicionados/metabolismo , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/fisiología , Macrófagos/fisiología , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Línea Celular , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/fisiología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Fenotipo , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
En el contexto de los servicios hospitalarios es importante considerar lo referente a la comunicación externa, dada la necesidad de orientar adecuadamente el vínculo con el resto de la sociedad; en tal sentido, se requiere organizar y promover relaciones con las demás instituciones. Las vías para lograr este propósito son objeto de atención y estudio desde hace varias décadas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo sistematizar el conocimiento sobre estrategias de comunicación externa en los servicios hospitalarios. Se realizó una revisión narrativa en bancos de datos: BVS, PUBMed, y SciELO, según los descriptores indexados. Fueron incluidos en el análisis siete artículos desarrollados en distintos países. Entre los componentes específicos de este tipo de estrategia, se encuentran los diagnósticos organizacionales de información; políticas; estrategias; productos comunicativos, productos y servicios informacionales; estructuras de información, comunicación y sus gestores; programas de formación de competencias; así como control, monitoreo y evaluación de los resultados de cada actividad, junto a la acción de un equipo multidisciplinario que potencia todo ese desarrollo.
In hospital services context, it is important to consider what refers to external communication, given the need to properly guide the link with the rest of society; in this sense, it is necessary to organize and promote relationships with other institutions. The ways to achieve this purpose have been the object of attention and study for several decades. This article aims to systematize knowledge about external communication strategies in hospital services. A narrative review was carried out in data banks: VHL, PubMed, and SciELO, according to the indexed descriptors. Seven articles developed in different countries were included in the analysis. Among the specific components of this type of strategy, there are organizational information diagnoses; policies; strategies; communicative products, informational products and services; information and communication structures and their managers; skills training programs; as well as control, monitoring and evaluation of the results of each activity, together with the action of a multidisciplinary team that enhances all this development.
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Objective. To evaluate the usefulness of the pain tracking technique in acute mechanical low back pain. Method. We performed an experimental prospective (longitudinal) explanatory study between January 2011 and September 2012. The sample was randomly divided into two groups. Patients were assessed at the start and end of the treatment using the visual analogue scale and the Waddell test. Treatment consisted in applying the pain tracking technique to the study group and interferential current therapy to the control group. At the end of treatment, cryotherapy was applied for 10 minutes. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann Whitney test were used. They were performed with a predetermined significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results. Pain was triggered by prolonged static posture and intense physical labor and intensified through trunk movements and when sitting and standing. The greatest relief was reported in lateral decubitus position and in William's position. The majority of the patients had contracture. Pain and disability were modified with the rehabilitation treatment in both groups. Conclusions. Both the pain tracking and interferential current techniques combined with cryotherapy are useful treatments for acute mechanical low back pain. The onset of analgesia is faster when using the pain tracking technique.
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La ambliopía es la causa prevenible más común de pérdida de visión en los países desarrollados, afectando al 2-5% de la población, se puede desarrollar debido a una experiencia visual anómala, durante la fase del crecimiento visual. El estrabismo es la principal causa del desarrollo de la ambliopía, dándose en el 30-50% de los casos. Se considera de primordial importancia la detección temprana de las alteraciones visuales causales de la ambliopía ya que su tratamiento es sólo efectivo en la infancia, mientras se produce la maduración del sistema visual. La Consejería de Sanidad del Gobierno de Canarias, en el ánimo de la prevención de la salud, desarrolla desde hace varios años un Programa de Detección de Alteraciones Visuales en la infancia, y recientemente ha incorporado a las exploraciones habituales la implantación del Test TNO. Esta investigación precisamente pretende valorar la eficacia del Test TNO en la detección precoz de la ambliopía y su comparación con las demás pruebas habituales realizadas en Atención Primaria. En el estudio se realiza una exhaustiva revisión y análisis comparativo de las pruebas de visión de 358 historias clínicas de un centro de salud de la provincia de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, correspondiente a niños entre 3 y 6 años de edad. Según los resultados obtenidos, se puede conjeturar que el test TNO es una prueba igual o más valida en la detección de anomalías que puedan servir en la detección precoz de la ambliopía, en comparación con los test más populares utilizados habitualmente en un centro de Atención Primaria para la detección de estrabismo y ambliopía (AU)
Ambliopia is the most common preventable cause of the loss of vision in developed countries, affecting the 2-5% of the population. This may evolve due to an abnormal visual experience, during the phase of visual development. Strabismus is the principal cause of the development of ambliopia, being 30-50% of the cases. The early detection of visual alterations causing ambliopia is considered to be of primary importance as the treatment is only effective during infancy, when the visual system becomes mature. The Health Council of the Canary Island Government a few years ago developed a program for the detection of visual alterations in childhood, and has recently incorporated the introduction of the TNO test to the habitual examinations. This investigation precisely intends to value the efficiency of the TNO Test in the early detection of ambliopia and the comparison with other habitual tests that are carried out in Primary Care. During the study, an exhaustive revision and comparative analysis is made of the vision tests of 358 medical records in a health centre in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, corresponding to children between 3 and 6 years old. According to the results obtained, we can surmise that the TNO test is a valid test for the detection of anomalies, which can be used in the early detection of ambliopia, in comparison to the most popular tests used habitually in a health care centre for the detection of strabismus and ambliopía(AU)
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Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Ambliopía/diagnóstico , Estrabismo/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Visión/métodos , Atención Primaria de Salud/métodos , Diagnóstico Precoz , Visión Binocular , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Agudeza VisualRESUMEN
Background: Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the abdomen, with use of contrast medium, is able to detect and differentiate most focal liver lesions. Aim: To determine the prevalence and features of benign focal liver lesions (BFLL) detected by abdominal MDCT. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the reports of contrast abdominal MDCT performed to outpatients between August 2011 and July 2012. Clinical data of examined patients and imaging findings in terms of description of the hepatic parenchyma and the presence of BFLL, were recorded. Results: Data from 1,184 studies were analyzed. Of these, 461 studies (38.4%) reported BFLL. The most prevalent lesions were simple cysts in 290 studies (24%) and hemangiomas in 61 studies (5.1%), granuloma-calcification in 39 (3.2%), focal nodular hyperplasia in 19 (1.6%) and one adenoma. If patients with known causes of liver disease were excluded, the prevalence of BFLL did not change substantially (lesions were found in 396 (37.5%) patients). Compared with livers with signs of damage, normal livers had more cystic lesions (27 and 16.2% respectively, p = 0.014) and hemangiomas (5.3 and 1.1% respectively, p = 0.043). Conclusions: BFLL are very common findings in MDCT studies. Most of these lesions are simple cysts and hemangiomas.
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Comparación Transcultural , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Carga de Trabajo/psicología , Finlandia , Reino Unido , Japón , Aptitud Física , Sistemas Políticos , Factores Sexuales , Estrés Psicológico , Carga de Trabajo/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
El problema sobre el que incide esta investigación es: la ausencia o insuficiencia en la definición de Proyectos de Vidas Saludables entre la población estudiantil panameña como una de las causas probables del problema del bajo rendimiento académico.En función de explicar las relaciones internas de dicho problema se plantea un estudio en comunidad, de intervención con diseño cuasi experimental, cuya variable independiente es un proceso de capacitación a estudiantes de IV año del Instituto Nacional para la formulación e inicio de ejecución de sus Proyectos de Vidas Saludables, basado en sus respectivos intereses y motivaciones. La variable dependiente es el rendimiento académico que registren los participantes de los grupos Control y Experimental.El propósito es el de contribuir con recomendaciones metodológicas y temáticas para los procesos de promoción de la salud entre y con la población estudiantil panameña. El estudio evalúa el impacto en el rendimiento académico de un proceso de capacitación para la formulación e inicio de ejecución de Proyectos de Vidas Saludables entre jóvenes con fracasos escolares. De esta manera se indagan propuestas innovadoras, desde la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, para el abordaje de problemas que preocupan al conjunto de la sociedad como son los fracasos escolares y sus causas e implicaciones en el contexto de la salud, la educación y el trabajo. La hipótesis de investigación propone que los estudiantes que reciban (grupo experimental) la capacitación en diseño e inico de ejecución de Proyectos de Vidas Saludables, registrarán mejores calificaciones académicas por bimestre que aquellos que no la reciban. El promedio de cambio de las calificaciones por bimestres observado en la evaluación ex-ante fue de 0.00 puntos en una escala de puntuaciones de calificaciones académicas de 1.00 a 5.00. Para ser considerado un éxito, el cambio que se registre en el rendimiento académico de cada estudiante, en la evaluación posterior al estímulo experimental, será mayor de 0.20 puntos. Después del estímulo experiental se observan mejoramientos académicos interesantes sobre todo en el grupo femenino dentro del experimental. No obstante al aplicar las pruebas de Razón Disparidad y "t" de Student, para muestras independientes y correlacionadas, se llega a la conclusión de que los cambios pudieron deberse al azar
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Rendimiento Escolar Bajo , Discapacidades para el AprendizajeRESUMEN
El problema sobre el que incide esta investigación es:la ausencia o insuficiencia en la definición de Proyectos de Vidas Saludables entre la población estudiantil panameña como una de las causas probables del problema del bajo rendimiento académico. En función de explicar las relaciones internas de dicho problema se plantea un estudio en comunidad, de intervención con diseño cuasi experimental, cuya variable independiente es un proceso de capacitación a estudiantes de IV año del Instituto Nacional para la formulación e inicio de ejecución de sus Proyectos de Vidas Saludables basado en sus respectivos intereses y motivaciones. La variable dependiente es el rendimiento académico que registren los participantes de los grupos Control y Experimental. El propósito es el de contribuir con recomendaciones metodológicas y temáticas para los procesos de promoción de la salud entre y con la población estudiantil panameña. El estudio evalúa el impacto en el rendimiento académico de un proceso de capacitación para la formulación e inicio de ejecución de Proyectos de Vidas Saludables entre jóvenes con fracasos escolares. De esta manera se indagan propuestas innovadoras, desde la perspectiva de la promoción de la salud, para el abordaje de problemas que preocupan al conjunto de la sociedad como lo son los fracasos escolares y sus causas e implicaciones en el contexto de la salud, la educación y el trabajo. La hipótesis de investigación propone que los estudiantes que reciban (grupo experimental) la capacitación en diseño e inicio de ejecución de Proyectos de Vidas Saludables, registrarán mejores calificaciones académicas por bimestre que aquellos que no la reciban. El promedio de cambio de las calificaciones por bimestre observado en la evaluación ex-ante fue de 0.00 puntos en una escala de puntuaciones de calificaciones académicas de 1.00 a 5.00. Para ser considerado un éxito, el cambio que se registre en el rendimiento académico de cada estudiante, en la evaluación posterior al estímulo experimental, será mayor de 0.20 de puntos. Después del estímulo experimental se observan mejoramientos académicos interesantes sobre todo en el grupo femenino dentro del experimental. No obstante al aplicar las pruebas de Razón de Disparidad y "T" de Student, para muestras independientes y correlacionadas, se llega a la conclusión de que los cambios pudieron deberse al azar