Risk factors for severe disease in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus infections.

OBJECTIVES: To assess factors associated with the risk of severe disease in children aged 5 years or younger with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Mexico. METHODS: Eligible participants included children aged 5 years or younger with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection January 1, 2023, and May 15, 2024. We collected relevant clinical and epidemiological data. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were employed to identify factors associated with the risk of severe disease, characterized by clinical and radiographic evidence of bronchiolitis or pneumonia requiring hospital admission. RESULTS: Data from 2022 children were analyzed and the overall risk of severe disease was 21.0% (n = 424/2022). In multiple generalized linear regression analysis, a personal history of immunosuppression (due to any cause) showed a protective effect (RR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.42, P = 0.001) against severe RSV disease, while an increased risk was documented for each additional day elapsed between the date of symptom onset and the date of seeking healthcare RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02-1.10, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: These findings provide insights into risk stratification and suggest specific directions for future research. This information informs the development of targeted intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of RSV infections in this vulnerable population.

Understanding beliefs about inhaled medication in patients with persistent asthma: a cross-sectional analysis of the INSPIRERS studies.

Summary: Background. Identifying factors influencing adherence, such as patients' beliefs about medication, is essential for effective asthma management. This study aims to assess and gain insight into the beliefs of patients with asthma regarding inhaled medication. Methods. This is a secondary analysis of the INSPIRERS studies. Patients aged ≥ 13 y.o., with persistent asthma and a prescription for inhaled controller were recruited from 60 primary and secondary care centres in Portugal from 2017 to 2020. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected in a face-to-face visit. The Specific-Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire was administered 1-week later by telephone interview. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to explore relations between patients' beliefs and characteristics. Results. A total of 552 participants (mean 32.8 ± 17.3 y.o.; 64.5% female) were analysed. The Necessity score (Median 19 [p25-p75 16,22]) was significantly higher than the Concerns score (15 [16,22], p less than 0.001), resulting in a positive Necessity-Concern differential (Median 4 [0,7]). Acceptance (high necessity, low concerns) characterized 61% of participants, while 19% were ambivalent (high necessity, high concerns). Adolescents exhibited lower Necessity (Median 16 vs 20; p less than 0.001) and Concerns scores (Median 11 vs 15; p = 0.002) than adults. In primary care setting, patients had significantly lower Necessity (Median 18 vs 19; p = 0.027) and Concerns (Median 14 vs 15; p = 0.05) compared to the secondary care. Conclusions. A predominantly positive perception of inhaled asthma medication necessity was found, although ambivalence or indifference exists in about 1/5 of patients. Our findings highlight the importance of personalized approaches to address beliefs and optimise patient education.

Comparison of speed-dependent time, force and spatial parameters between Franches-Montagnes and European Warmblood horses walking and trotting on a treadmill.

Speed alterations affect many gait analysis parameters. How horses adapt to speed is relevant in many equestrian disciplines and may differ between breeds. This study described changes in gait parameters in 38 Warmblood (WB) and 24 Franches-Montagnes (FM) horses subjected to an incremental speed test at walk (1.35-2.05 m/s) and trot (3.25-5.5 m/s). Time, force and spatial parameters of each limb were measured with an instrumented treadmill and analysed with regression analysis using speed as the independent variable. With higher speeds, stride rate, length, over-tracking distance and vertical ground reaction forces increased while the impulses decreased. The parameters followed the same linear or polynomial regression curves independent of breed, while the slope (linear) or incurvation (polynomial) often differed significantly between breeds. Some differences between the breeds were associated with height and speed (e.g. stride length at walk), and would disappear when scaling the data. The main differences between the breeds seem to stem from the movement of the hind limbs, with the FM obtaining long over-tracking distances despite the shorter height at withers. Some parameters relevant to gait quality could be improved in the FM to resemble WB movement by strict selection using objective measurements systems.

[Neuropsychological profile of Mexican paediatric patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy]. / Perfil neuropsicológico de pacientes pediátricos mexicanos con epilepsia focal farmacorresistente.

INTRODUCTION: At least 20% of paediatric patients with epilepsy present resistance to multiple anti-crisis drugs in trials, which has a negative impact on their neuropsychological state, quality of life and prognosis; it is therefore necessary to document their neuropsychological profile in order to improve the clinical approach to them. AIMS: To describe the neuropsychological profile (cognitive, academic, behavioural, emotional, adaptive, sleep disturbances and quality of life) of paediatric patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy in the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes, and to compare performance between patients with frontal and temporal foci, and to assess the link between the duration of the condition, the frequency of seizures and the amount of anti-crisis drugs and the neuropsychological profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The neuropsychological profile of 19 paediatric patients with a diagnosis of pharmacoresistant epilepsy with a mean age of 10.89 years was evaluated. RESULTS: 57.9% of the 19 patients were men. 63.2% presented frontal focus; 26.3% presented temporal focus; and 10.5% presented occipital focus. Deficiencies in attention, comprehension, verbal memory, working memory and processing speed, in addition to adaptive difficulties were observed. When the patients with frontal and temporal focus were compared, the former were found to present greater deficits in planning, while the patients with temporal focus presented more severe symptoms of anxiety. Patients with a longer disease duration were found to present greater impairment to their intelligence quotient and adaptive behavioural skills. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacoresistant epilepsy in paediatric patients affects intelligence quotient and adaptive skills, as well as attention, memory and executive functions, and neuropsychological intervention programmes must therefore be implemented to improve these patients' quality of life.

TITLE: Perfil neuropsicológico de pacientes pediátricos mexicanos con epilepsia focal farmacorresistente.Introducción. Al menos el 20% de los pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia muestra resistencia a los ensayos de múltiples fármacos anticrisis, que impactan negativamente en su estado neuropsicológico, calidad de vida y pronóstico; por tal motivo, es necesario documentar ampliamente su perfil neuropsicológico para mejorar su abordaje clínico. Objetivos. Describir el perfil neuropsicológico (cognitivo, académico, conductual, emocional, adaptativo, alteraciones del sueño y calidad de vida) de pacientes pediátricos con epilepsia focal farmacorresistente de los lóbulos frontal, temporal y occipital, así como comparar el desempeño entre los pacientes con foco frontal y temporal, y evaluar la asociación entre la duración del padecimiento, la frecuencia de las crisis y la cantidad de fármacos anticrisis con el perfil neuropsicológico. Pacientes y métodos. Se evaluó el perfil neuropsicológico de 19 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de epilepsia farmacorresistente, con una edad promedio de 10,89 años. Resultados. De los 19 pacientes, el 57,9% fueron hombres. El 63,2% presentó foco frontal; el 26,3%, temporal; y el 10,5%, occipital. Se encontraron deficiencias en atención, comprensión, memoria verbal, memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento, además de dificultades adaptativas. Al comparar a los pacientes con foco frontal y temporal, se encontró que los primeros presentaron mayores deficiencias en planificación, mientras que los pacientes con foco temporal presentaron mayores síntomas de ansiedad. Con respecto a la duración de la enfermedad, se encontró que los pacientes con mayor duración del padecimiento presentaron mayor afectación en el cociente intelectual y en las habilidades en la conducta adaptativa. Conclusiones. La epilepsia farmacorresistente en pacientes pediátricos afecta el cociente intelectual y las habilidades adaptativas, así como a la atención, la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas, por lo que es necesaria la implementación de programas de intervención neuropsicológica para mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes.

The physiological quality of Vigna unguiculata L. seeds shows tolerance to salinity.

Salinity reduces feijão-caupi production, and the search for tolerant varieties becomes important within the agricultural context, as, in addition to being used in the field, they can be used in genetic improvement. The objective was to for a identify variety that is tolerant to salinity considering the physiological quality of seeds and seedling growth. A 2 × 4 factorial scheme was used, referring to the varieties Pingo-de-ouro and Coruja, and four electrical conductivities of water (0; 3.3; 6.6 and 9.9 dS m-1). The physiological quality of seeds and the growth of seedlings were analyzed, in addition to the cumulative germination. The Pingo-de-ouro variety showed no germination, length of the shoot and root, dry mass of the shoot and root compromised up to electrical conductivity of 6 dS m-1 in relation to 0.0 dS m-1. On the other hand, the Coruja variety showed reduced germination, increased shoot and root length. The creole variety Pingo-de-ouro proved to be tolerant to salinity.

Rotura prematura de membranas en gestante afecta de mastocitosis cutánea / Premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women with cutaneous mastocytosis

La mastocitosis es una enfermedad poco frecuente, caracterizada por la proliferación de mastocitos. Los síntomas aparecen tras la exposición a factores desencadenantes, que generan una liberación de mediadores inflamatorios, pudiendo dar lugar a reacciones alérgicas e incluso a reacciones anafilácticas. Existen dos formas de presentación, la cutánea y la sistémica. Su relación con la gestación es poco conocida y hace plantearse aspectos sobre la seguridad tanto materna como fetal. Durante la gestación, esta entidad puede mejorar, empeorar o mantenerse estable y se ha relacionado con la amenaza de parto pretérmino, mientras que durante el parto es esencial el control del dolor y evitar aquellos fármacos que puedan desencadenar un brote. Además, los cambios hormonales acontecidos durante la gestación, parto y puerperio pueden favorecer la aparición de reacciones anafilácticas. Presentamos el caso de una gestante de 34 semanas de amenorrea, afecta de mastocitosis cutánea, que ingresó en nuestro servicio por rotura prematura de membranas, con lo que tuvimos que plantearnos cuál era el protocolo de actuación más adecuado a la patología que presentaba la paciente.

Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease characterized by the proliferation of mast cells. Symptoms appear after exposure to triggering factors resulting in mast cell mediator release, which can lead to anaphylactic reactions. There are two forms of presentation, cutaneous and systemic mastocytosis. There is limited information on the impact of this disorder on pregnancy and questions may arise about maternal and foetal safety. During pregnancy, this disease can improve, worsen, or remain stable and even be associated with preterm delivery. During labour pain control is important and drugs that can trigger an episode should be avoided. Furthermore, the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium can lead to anaphylactic reactions. We present a pregnant woman at 34 weeks of amenorrhoea, affected by cutaneous mastocytosis, admitted in our hospital due to premature rupture of membranes. We had to consider the most appropriate protocol for our patient's pathology.

Riñón de Page tras trasplante renal pediátrico: informe de un caso / Page kidney after pediatric kidney transplantation: a case report

Introducción: El riñón de Page (RP) es una enfermedad rara provocada por compresión parenquimatosa debido a un hematoma subcapsular. El injerto puede sufrir daños irreversibles si la enfermedad no se reconoce y se trata de forma adecuada.Caso clínico: Describimos el caso de un varón de 16 años con fallo renal crónico secundario a síndrome nefrótico corticorresistente (SNCR) provocado por mutaciones del gen NPHS2. El paciente se somete a un quinto TR de donante vivo. El injerto se coloca en posición intraperitoneal, con una adecuada reperfusión, sin complicaciones. Alcuarto día postoperatorio, sus análisis revelan una subida de la creatininaasociada a hipertensión refractaria, hematuria macroscópica y anemia.La ecografía de urgencia revela hematoma subcapsular con signos de compresión parenquimatosa. Se sospecha RP y se decide intervenciónquirúrgica de urgencia. Comentarios: El RP es una complicación rara y urgente, aunque a su vez tratable y reversible, tras TR pediátrico. El diagnóstico precoz basado en la sospecha clínica y las imágenes son claves a la hora de conseguir un resultado favorable.

Introduction: Page kidney (PK) is a rare condition caused by parenchymal compression due to a subcapsular hematoma. Irreversible damage of the graft may occur if this condition is not recognized and treated properly.Clinical case: We describe the case of a 16-year-old man withchronic renal failure secondary to corticosteroid-resistant nephroticsyndrome (CRNS) caused by NPHS2 mutations. The patient underwent a 5th fifth living-related KT. The graft was placed intraperitoneallyand reperfused well without complications. On the 4 th postoperativeday his labs demonstrated raising creatinine associated with refractoryhypertension, gross hematuria and anemia. Urgent ultrasound revealeda subcapsular hematoma with signs of parenchymal compression. PKphenomenon was suspected and urgent surgical intervention decided.Comments: PK is a rare but an emergence potentially treatableand reversible complication after pediatric KT. Early diagnosis basedon clinical suspicion and suggestive imaging are the key points for afavorable outcome.

Nitric oxide regulates adhesiveness, invasiveness, and migration of anoikis-resistant endothelial cells

Anoikis is a type of apoptosis that occurs in response to the loss of adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Anoikis resistance is a critical mechanism in cancer and contributes to tumor metastasis. Nitric oxide (NO) is frequently upregulated in the tumor area and is considered an important player in cancer metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of NO on adhesiveness, invasiveness, and migration of anoikis-resistant endothelial cells. Here, we report that anoikis-resistant endothelial cells overexpress endothelial nitric oxide synthase. The inhibition of NO release in anoikis-resistant endothelial cells was able to decrease adhesiveness to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV. This was accompanied by an increase in cell invasiveness and migration. Furthermore, anoikis-resistant cell lines displayed a decrease in fibronectin and collagen IV protein expression after L-NAME treatment. These alterations in adhesiveness and invasiveness were the consequence of MMP-2 up-regulation observed after NO release inhibition. The decrease in NO levels was able to down-regulate the activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) protein expression. ATF3 represses MMP-2 gene expression by antagonizing p53-dependent trans-activation of the MMP-2 promoter. We speculate that the increased release of NO by anoikis-resistant endothelial cells acted as a response to restrict the MMP-2 action, interfering in MMP-2 gene expression via ATF3 regulation. The up-regulation of nitric oxide by anoikis-resistant endothelial cells is an important response to restrict tumorigenic behavior. Without this mechanism, invasiveness and migration potential would be even higher, as shown after L-NAME treatment.

Subluxación sacroilíaca en un equino criollo colombiano / Sacroiliac subluxation in a horse in Colombia

Resumen La subluxación sacroilíaca es una enfermedad claudiocógena de los miembros posteriores que se puede presentar de forma aguda o crónica. La causa de esta patología se debe principalmente a resbalones, tropezones o caídas de los miembros posteriores, el diagnóstico es difícil de realizar debido a la profunda ubicación anatómica de la articulación, métodos como la ecografía y pruebas de estrés entre otros, son los procedimientos más usados en el diagnóstico de la subluxación sacroiliaca. Por tratarse de una alteración que fácilmente puede confundirse con otras condiciones patológicas de la columna, la pelvis y/o de los miembros posteriores, el diagnóstico muchas veces se realiza por eliminación de otras causas de cojera. Los tratamientos convencionales aún se proponen en la literatura, sin embargo, cada vez como opción para el tratamiento de esta patología. El presente reporte describe el caso de un equino criollo que padeció una subluxación sacroiliaca aguda del lado derecho, la cual fue diagnosticada con un examen clínico que incluía ecografía percutánea y transrectal, y tratada con infiltraciones ecoguiadas de corticoides y aspirado de médula ósea. Un mes después de la última terapia, el caballo mostró una mejoría clínica en un 80% a 90% aproximadamente y retoma actividad física controlada.

Abstract Sacroiliac subluxation is a claudiogenic disease of the hind limbs that can present acutely or chronically. The cause of this pathology is mainly due to slipping, tripping, or falling of the hind limbs, the diagnosis is difficult to make due to the deep anatomical location of the joint, methods such as ultrasound and stress tests among others, are the procedures most used in the diagnosis of sacroiliac subluxation. As it is an alteration that can easily be confused with other pathological conditions of the spine, pelvis and / or the hind limbs, the diagnosis is often made by eliminating other causes of lameness. Conventional treatments are still proposed in the literature, however regenerative therapy is increasingly used as an option for the treatment of sacroiliac joint injuries. This report describes the case of a Creole horse that suffered an acute sacroiliac subluxation on the right side, which was diagnosed with a clinical examination that included percutaneous and transrectal ultrasound and treated with ultrasound-guided infiltrations of corticosteroids and cells of the bone marrow of the sternum without processing. One month after the last therapy, the horse showed an 80% to 90% recovery and resumed controlled physical activity.

Identificación de factores de riesgo genéticos asociados a la enfermedad vascular cerebral de tipo isquémico en jóvenes mexicanos / Identification of genetic risk factors associated with ischaemic stroke in young Mexican patients

Introducción: Diversos polimorfismos en genes candidatos que codifican proteínas del sistema hemostático se han propuesto como factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trombosis.MétodosCasos y controles, sobrevivientes de enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) isquémica idiopática ≤ 45 años de edad del servicio de neurología incluidos de manera consecutiva de 2006 a 2014. Por PCR-RFLP se identificaron los polimorfismos: Thr325Ile y Ala147Thr del gen de TAFI, 4G/5G del gen de PAI-1, PLA1/A2 del gen de la glucoproteína plaquetaria IIb/IIIa, Glu298Asp del gen de eNOS, y C677T del gen de la 5,10 MTHFR. Se realizó un análisis multivariado de regresión logística para calcular el riesgo independiente de EVC.ResultadosDoscientos cuatro casos y 204 controles pareados por edad y sexo. Se asoció al polimorfismo Glu298Asp (genotipo p = 0,001 y frecuencia alélica p = 0,001), C677T (genotipo p = 0,01), hipertensión (p = 0,03) y tabaquismo (p = 0,02) con la presencia de EVC isquémico, no así para los polimorfismos Ala147Thr, Thr325IIe, 4G/5G y PLA1/A2. Se identificó como factor de riesgo independiente al alelo 298Asp (p = 0,03), T (p = 0,01), hipertensión (p = 0,03), tabaquismo (p = 0,01) y AHFEAT (p = 0,04).ConclusionesLos polimorfismos Glu298Asp y C677T de los genes que codifican a la enzima eNOS y 5,10 MTHFR, tabaquismo, hipertensión y AHFEAT se asociaron a la presencia de EVC isquémico en jóvenes mexicanos, no así el Thr325Ile, Ala147Thr, 4G/5G, PLA1/A2 en genes que codifican proteínas del sistema de fibrinólisis y receptores plaquetarios. (AU)

Introduction: Numerous polymorphisms in candidate genes coding for haemostatic system proteins have been proposed as risk factors for thrombosis.MethodsWe performed a case-control study of consecutive ischaemic stroke survivors aged ≤ 45 years, treated at our neurology department from 2006 to 2014. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism identified the following polymorphisms: Thr325Ile and Ala147Thr in TAFI, 4G/5G in PAI-1, PLA1/A2 in platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, Glu298Asp in eNOS, and C677T in 5,10-MTHFR. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent risk of stroke.Results204 cases and 204 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Clinical and genetic variables associated with ischaemic stroke were hypertension (P = .03), tobacco use (P = .02), and the polymorphisms Glu298Asp (genotype: P = .001, allele frequency: P = .001) and C677T (genotype: P = .01); the Ala147Thr, Thr325IIe, 4G/5G, and PLA1/A2 mutations were not associated with ischaemic stroke. The 298Asp (P = .03) and T (P = .01) alleles, hypertension (P = .03), tobacco use (P = .01) and family history of stroke (P = .04) were identified as independent risk factors.ConclusionsThe polymorphisms Glu298Asp and C677T, affecting the eNOS and 5,10-MTHFR enzymes, respectively, and smoking, hypertension, and family history of stroke were associated with ischaemic stroke in young Mexican patients; this was not the case for the Thr325Ile, Ala147Thr, 4G/5G, and PLA1/A2 polymorphisms of the genes coding for fibrinolytic proteins and platelet receptors. (AU)

Tratamiento endovascular de los aneurismas de arteria renal / Endovascular treatment of renal artery aneurisms

El aneurisma de la arteria renal se puede considerar como una entidad poco frecuente, con una incidencia que se cifra en el 0,09% de la población general. En la mayoría de las ocasiones se considera esta patología cuando se presenta, como un hallazgo incidental, tras evaluaciones diagnósticas utilizando resonancia nuclear magnética, tomografía axial computarizada, y estudios arteriográficos, realizados para otros fines diagnósticos. Las características clínicas y el manejo de los aneurismas de la arteria renal en general, han sido aportados en la bibliografía a través de pequeñas series de casos, que presentan un pequeño número de pacientes. Hasta hace poco ha existido controversia sobre el tratamiento de tos aneurismas, específicamente, en lo que respecta al tamaño del que requiere un tratamiento quirúrgico, de cómo realizar la reparación y como hacer el seguimiento de aquellos que se consideran no quirúrgicos. También presenta controversia, la causa etiológica, su relación con la hipertensión y otros factores. Por otro lado, a medida que avanza la terapia endovascular y se aplica preferentemente en otras afecciones vasculares, el resultado a largo plazo y la durabilidad del tratamiento con cirugía abierta o endovascular de los aneurismas de la arteria renal, debe ser documentado para la comparación

Aneurysm of the renal artery can be considered as a rare entity, with an incidence that is estimated at 0.09% of the general population. In most cases this pathology is considered when it is presented, as an incidental finding, after diagnostic evaluations using magnetic nuclear resonance, computed tomography, and arteriographic studies performed for other diagnostic purposes. The clinical characteristics and the management of renal artery aneurysms in general have been contributed in the literature through small series of cases, which present a small number of patients. Until recently there has been controversy about the treatment of aneurysm coughs, specifically, regarding the size of the one that requires surgical treatment, how to perform the repair and how to follow up on those that are considered non-surgical. It also presents controversy, the etiological cause, its relationship with hypertension and other factors. On the other hand, as endovascular therapy progresses and is preferably applied in other vascular conditions, the long-term outcome and durability of treatment with open or endovascular surgery of renal artery aneurysms should be documented for comparison

Molecular detection and clinical aspects of porcine circovirus 3 infection in pigs from Brazil / [Detecção molecular e aspectos clínicos da infecção por circovírus suíno 3 em suínos do Brasil]

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) DNA has been detected in serum samples from apparently healthy pigs as well as pigs with different clinical conditions. Molecular detection of PCV-3 was observed in swine serum samples from Southeastern - Brazil using a nested PCR designed specifically for this study. The epidemiology and clinical aspects of PCV-3 infection were evaluated. The samples originated from 154 pigs of both genders from different production phases and with different clinical presentations, sampled from 31 pig farms visited between 2013 and 2018. In this study, PCV-3 was detected in 26.7% of samples from all populations across varying ages. Statistical association (P=0.0285) was observed only between animals with respiratory signs and PCV-3; no PCV-3-positive animal had diarrhea. No statistical association was observed between PCV-3 and age, or gender of the pigs. Because PCV-3 is a newly discovered virus, there is very little information about its epidemiology. We hope that these data can help in future studies investigating PCV-3 epidemiology.(AU)

O DNA do circovírus suíno 3 (PCV-3) foi detectado em amostras de soro de suínos aparentemente saudáveis, bem como em suínos com diferentes condições clínicas. A detecção molecular do PCV-3 foi observada em amostras de soro de suínos da região Sudeste do Brasil, com uma nested PCR desenhada especificamente para este estudo. A epidemiologia e os aspectos clínicos da infecção por PCV-3 foram avaliados. As amostras foram coletadas de 154 suínos de ambos os sexos, de diferentes fases de produção e com diferentes sinais clínicos. Os animais pertenciam a 31 granjas visitadas entre 2013 e 2018. Neste estudo, o PCV-3 foi detectado em 26,7% das amostras de animais saudáveis e de animais com variados sinais clínicos, de ambos os sexos e de idades variadas. Associação estatística (P=0,0285) foi observada apenas entre animais com sinais respiratórios e PCV-3; nenhum animal positivo para PCV-3 apresentava diarreia. Não foi observada associação estatística entre o PCV-3 e a idade ou o sexo dos suínos. Por se tratar de um vírus recém-descoberto, existem poucas informações sobre sua epidemiologia. Espera-se que os dados deste trabalho possam contribuir para futuros estudos sobre a epidemiologia do PCV-3.(AU)

Identification of a historic horse ecotype analyzing speech content in central Brazil / Resgate de um ecótipo equino histórico mediante análise de conteúdo de discurso no Brasil central

This study represents a first attempt to rescue germplasm of a traditional domestic equine cited in early Iberian and South American literature as Curraleiro horse. As an effort to identify and possibly characterize this type of horse we accessed traditional knowledge in strategic rural areas. Most areas were configured by hinterland settlements founded by runaway slave communities from the sixteenth century. Twenty interviews were conducted and analyzed using classical Speech Content Analysis. As a result, five response categories were recognized: 1) Identification and location of Curraleiro horses; 2) Characterization of Curraleiro horses; 3) Historical aspects; 4) Curraleiro horse conservation prospects and 5) Sanitary and productive aspects of Curraleiro horse breeding. We concluded that although scarce, the Curraleiro horse, cited in literature, still exists and showed phenotypical features which allow fine discrimination from any officially recognized breed in Brazil. Our findings may open the door for the recognition of a genuine animal resource which could play a role in rural development for specific regions and traditional communities. Speech Content Analysis was effective for in loco identification and characterization of rare traditional livestock. Thus, we encourage the usage of this tool as an alternative to subsidize identification and genetic conservation programs worldwide.(AU)

Esse estudo representa uma primeira tentativa de resgate de germoplasma em um equino doméstico tradicional citado em literatura precoce Iberiana e Sul Americana como um cavalo Curraleiro. Num esforço de identificar e possivelmente caracterizar esse tipo de cavalo, acessamos conhecimento tradicional em diversas áreas rurais estratégicas. A maioria consistia em assentamentos rurais fundados por comunidades escravas foragidas no século dezesseis. Vinte entrevistas foram conduzidas e analisadas utilizando análise de conteúdo de discurso clássico. Como resultado, cinco categorias de resposta foram reconhecidas: 1) Identificação e localização de cavalos Curraleiros; 2) Caracterização de cavalos curraleiros; 3) Aspectos históricos, 4) Perspectivas de conservação, e 5) Aspectos sanitários e produtivos da criação de cavalos Curraleiros. Concluímos que, apesar de escasso, o cavalo Curraleiro, citado na literatura, ainda existe e apresenta características fenotípicas que permitem discriminação de raças oficialmente reconhecidas no Brasil. Nossos achados podem abrir alas para o reconhecimento de um recurso animal genuíno que pode ter um papel no desenvolvimento rural em regiões específicas e comunidades tradicionais. Análise de conteúdo de discurso foi eficaz para identificação e caracterização in loco de criação tradicional rara. Desta forma, encorajamos o uso dessa ferramenta como alternativa para subsídio de identificação e programas de conservação genética ao redor do mundo.(AU)

SNPs rs471462296, rs456245081 and rs438495570 in the 5'UTR region of DGAT1 gene in Nelore / SNPs rs471462296, rs456245081 e rs438495570 na região 5'UTR do gene DGAT1 em Nelore

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os SNPs rs471462296, rs456245081 e rs438495570 do gene DGAT1 em bovinos Nelore. Foram analisados 109 bovinos. A extração do DNA genômico foi realizada do sangue dos animais, usando-se o kit Ilustra Blood Genomic Prep Mini Spin® (GE Healthcare, UK). A concentração e o grau de pureza do DNA foram determinados por meio de espectrofotômetro (Nanodrop - Thermo Fisher Scientifc, USA). A genotipagem dos SNPs ocorreu mediante o emprego do ensaio Taqman® (Applied Biosystems, USA). Na análise genômica, não foram encontradas alterações nas frequências alélicas e genotípicas (P≥0,05) para os SNPs testados. Dessa forma, a região 5'UTR analisada apresentou-se monomórfica e a variação de SNPs não foi observada, o que limita seu uso como marcadores moleculares para o gene DGAT1 em Nelore.(AU)

The E3 ligase MuRF2 plays a key role in the functional capacity of skeletal muscle fibroblasts

Fibroblasts are a highly heterogeneous population of cells, being found in a large number of different tissues. These cells produce the extracellular matrix, which is essential to preserve structural integrity of connective tissues. Fibroblasts are frequently engaged in migration and remodeling, exerting traction forces in the extracellular matrix, which is crucial for matrix deposition and wound healing. In addition, previous studies performed on primary myoblasts suggest that the E3 ligase MuRF2 might function as a cytoskeleton adaptor. Here, we hypothesized that MuRF2 also plays a functional role in skeletal muscle fibroblasts. We found that skeletal muscle fibroblasts express MuRF2 and its siRNA knock-down promoted decreased fibroblast migration, cell border accumulation of polymerized actin, and down-regulation of the phospho-Akt expression. Our results indicated that MuRF2 was necessary to maintain the actin cytoskeleton functionality in skeletal muscle fibroblasts via Akt activity and exerted an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling in the skeletal muscle tissue.

Modificaciones anatómicas de la derivación biliopancreática con cruce duodenal: ¿tienen algún rol futuro en la cirugía bariátrica y metabólica? / Anatomical modifications of the biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch: do they have a future role in bariatric and metabolic surgery?

La derivación biliopancreática con cruce duodenal (BPD-DS) es el procedimiento bariátrico que ha mostrado los mejores resultados en cuanto a pérdida de peso y resolución de comorbilidades. Sin embargo, su adopción ha sido lenta, principalmente debido a sus complicaciones nutricionales y dificultad técnica. Dado esto, algunos autores han propuesto variaciones de este procedimiento. Estas están basadas en disminuir las anastomosis a solo una, y realizarla con un asa tipo loop (sin derivación biliopancreática). Estos cambios podrían reproducir las ventajas del BPD-DS, y eliminar algunas de sus desventajas. En este artículo, mostramos los resultados de estas variaciones comparadas con el BPD-DS, y cómo sus resultados prometedores pueden tener como consecuencia una nueva aproximación a la población que sufre de obesidad y sus comorbilidades

Biliopancreatic Diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is the bariatric surgery that has shown the better results regarding long-term weight loss and comorbidities resolution. Nevertheless, BPD-DS' adoption has been slow, mainly due to its nutritional complications, and technical complexity. Given this, some authors have proposed surgical variations of this effective procedure. These new procedures are based on reducing the anastomosis to only one, and doing it just a loop anastomosis (no biliopacreatic diversion). These changes might bring to us the advantages of BPD-DS, and eliminate some of its disadvantages. In this article, we show the results of these variations compared with BPD-DS, and how their promising results could be a new approach for obese population and bariatric surgery.

Accidental lacrimal gland removal during resection of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle / Remoção acidental da glândula lacrimal em cirurgia de ressecção do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior

ABSTRACT Accidental removal of the lacrimal gland is a rare complication of ptosis surgery. We report two children who underwent large unilateral levator palpebrae superioris resections (LPSr). After surgery, both patients developed dry eye. Post-operatively, the parents of both patients noticed no tears in the affected eye when their child cried. Computed tomography proved the absence of the lacrimal gland in the operated eye in both patients. Oculoplastic surgeons should pay close attention to the anatomy of the levator muscle and its proximity to surrounding tissues in order to avoid lesions on important orbital structures, including the lacrimal gland, and to avoid the development of long-term dry eye.

RESUMO A remoção acidental da glândula lacrimal é uma complicação rara da cirurgia de ptose. Relatamos duas crianças que foram submetidas à grandes ressecções unilaterais do músculo levantador da pálpebra superior que desenvolveram olho seco após a cirurgia. No pós-operatório, os pais notaram ausência de secreção lacrimal durante o choro no olho operado. Tomografia computadorizada de órbitas comprovou ausência da glândula lacrimal no olho submetido à cirurgia, em ambos os casos. Cirurgiões oculoplásticos devem estar atentos à anatomia do músculo levantador e estruturas relacionadas para evitar lesões em importantes estruturas orbitais como as da glândula lacrimal que podem induzir permanente olho seco.

Abdominal obesity is strongly associated to blood pressure in young Mexicans / La obesidad abdominal está fuertemente asociada a hipertensión arterial en jóvenes mexicanos

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine associations between abdominal obesity (AOb) and the other components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young Mexicans in a cross-sectional survey completed during a 4 year period. Methods: This cross-sectional study reports on components and prevalence of MetS by using Alberti et al. (16) criteria, as well as association between AOb and elevated blood pressure (BP) of 2,993 Mexican university students, ages 17 to 25 years (66% women) from central and northern Mexico, over a 4-year survey (2010-2013). Results: The most prevalent MetS components in the total sample were low HDL-C concentration (43.6%) and AOb (41.1%). MetS prevalence was 11.8%, more men than women were classified with MetS (14.3% vs. 10.5%, p < 0.01). BP was the MetS component with the lowest prevalence (8.6%). A strong association between AOb and altered BP with in both men and women was found (OR 4.3, IC95% 2.5-7.4). Conclusions: Even BP was the component with the lowest prevalence, AOb was more strongly associated with it. This fact, could explain the prevalence of hypertension among young Mexican adults (AU)

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal (OAb) y los otros componentes del síndrome metabólico (SMet) en jóvenes mexicanos a través de una encuesta transversal completada durante un período de 4 años. Métodos: este estudio transversal informa sobre los componentes y la prevalencia del SMet usando los criterios de Alberti y cols. (16), así como la asociación entre OAb y la presión arterial (PA) elevada de 2.993 estudiantes universitarios mexicanos, con edades de 17 a 25 años (66% mujeres), procedentes del centro y norte de México, a través de una encuesta de 4 años (2010-2013). Resultados: los componentes del SMet de mayor prevalencia en la muestra total fueron baja concentración de HDL-C (43,6%) y OAb (41,1%). La prevalencia de SMet fue del 11,8%, mayor en hombres que en mujeres (14,3% vs. 10,5%; p < 0,01). La PA elevada fue el componente del SMet con la prevalencia más baja (8,6%). Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre OAb y PA elevada, tanto en hombres como en mujeres (OR 4,3; IC 95% 2,5 a 7,4). Conclusiones: a pesar de que la PA elevada fue el componente con menor prevalencia, la OAb estuvo más fuertemente asociada con esta, hecho que podría explicar la prevalencia de hipertensión entre los adultos jóvenes mexicanos (AU)

Enfermedad de Takayasu en un adolescente de 14 años / Takayasu arteritis in a 14 year-old teenager

La arteritis de Takayasu es una enfermedad crónica inflamatoria que afecta a los grandes vasos, con predilección por la aorta y sus ramas. Describimos el caso de un adolescente de 14 años con arteritis de Takayasu, con una estenosis moderada de los troncos supraaórticos y una dilatación aneurismática de la aorta ascendente y descendente. En el tratamiento de base se administraron corticoides, inmunosupresores y fármacos biológicos (infliximab y tocilizumab). Durante el periodo de tratamiento, el paciente desarrolló una tuberculosis pulmonar que fue tratada sin complicaciones (AU)

Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the large vessels, with a predilection for the aorta and its branches. We describe the case of a 14 year-old boy, consisting in moderate supra-aortic stenosis and aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending and descending aorta. The base treatment was corticosteroids, in combination with immunosuppressive drugs and biologic agents (infliximab and tocilizumab). During treatment period, the patient suffered a pulmonary tuberculosis, who was treated without problems (AU)