Time in range and HbA1C after 6 months with a multidisciplinary program for children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus, real world data from Mexico City.

BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary interventions may be useful for children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in areas where new blood glucose monitoring and control technologies are difficult to access. METHODS: PAANDA, a care program for adolescents and children with diabetes, was implemented in patients aged 0 to 18 years and 11 months. The effect of the intervention was determined by self-blood glucose monitoring (SBGM) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C ) levels at start and after 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 121 patients with DM were evaluated, mean age of 14.27 years (SD: 4.60 years). Blood glucose measurements in range (70-120 mg/dL pre-prandial or 70-180 mg/dL post-prandial) increased by 20.67% before breakfast, 8.14% after breakfast (both P-value <.001), 5.02% before lunch (P-value = .02), 8.66% after lunch (P-value <.001), 11.50% before dinner (P-value <.001), 11.87% after dinner (P-value <.001), and 8.00% at dawn (P-value = .001). This change was accompanied by fewer values in the hyperglycemic category (-19.49% before breakfast, -7.73% after breakfast, both P-value <.001) and hypoglycemia (-1.18%). HbA1C levels decreased significantly 1.8% (P-value = .018). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed an increase in glycemic control associated with each month after the intervention time in the PAANDA program (P-value <.001 for all the time points evaluated) and a significant decrease in glycemic variability. CONCLUSIONS: The multidisciplinary PAANDA intervention had a beneficial effect on glycemic control, with an improved time in range in a population of children and adolescents with DM.

Optimizing dialysis dose in the context of frailty: an exploratory study.

INTRODUCTION: Frailty is a multicausal syndrome characterized by a decrease in strength, resistance and physiological function, which makes the individual vulnerable and dependent, and increases his/her mortality. This syndrome is more prevalent among older individuals, and chronic kidney disease patients, particularly those on dialysis. Dialysis dose is currently standardized for hemodialysis (HD) patients regardless of their age and functional status. However, it has been postulated that the dialysis dose required in older patients, especially frail ones, should be lower, since it could increase their degree of frailty. Then, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if there would be a correlation between the dose of Kt/V and the degree of frailty in a population of adult patients on HD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 82 patients on HD in Barranquilla (Colombia) and Lobos (Argentina) was conducted. Socio-demographic and laboratory data, as well as dialysis doses (Kt/V) were recorded and scales of fragility, physical activity, gait and grip strength were applied. Then these data were correlated by a Spearman's correlation and a logistic regression. RESULTS: CFS, social isolation, physical activity, gait speed, and prehensile strength tests were outside the reference ranges in the studied group. No significant correlation was found between dialysis dose and all the above mentioned functional tests. However, a significant and inverse correlation between physical activity and CFS was documented (score - 1.41 (CI - 2.1 to - 0.7). CONCLUSION: No significant correlation was documented between Kt/V value and different parameters of the frailty status, but this status correlated significantly and inversely with physical activity in this group. Frailty status in hemodialysis patients was significantly higher in older individuals, although young individuals were not exempt from it.

Consideraciones embriológicas y anatómicas sobre la septación cardiaca normal y patológica: II. Septum atrioventricular e interventricular / Embriologycal and anatomycal conciderations on normal and pathological cardiac septation. II atrioventricular and interventricular septa (AU)

Se define el septum atrioventricular y sus características anatomicas. Este septum se divide en dos regiones: muscular y membranosa. Se describen los tipos de comunciación atrioventricular aisladas. Se discute la embriogénesis normal y patológica del septum atrioventricular. Se define el septum interventricular y se describen sus características anatómicas. Este septum se divide en dos regiones: fibrosa y muscular. La muscular se divide en tres regiones: porción de la cámara de salida o infundibular (outlet). Las comunicaciones inteventriculares se clasifican de acuerdo con las regiones septales en que están ubicadas. Se establecen las características anatómicas de identidad de cada una de ellas. Se hace un breve comentario sobre la morfogénesis normal y patológica del septum interventricular. Septum atrioventricular; septum interventricular