Spatial Galloping Behavior of Iced Conductors under Multimodal Coupling.

In this study, the coupled ordinary differential equations for the galloping of the first two modes in iced bundled conductors, including in-plane, out-of-plane, and torsional directions, are derived. Furthermore, through numerical analysis, the critical conditions of this modal galloping are determined in the range of wind speed-sag parameters, and the galloping patterns and variation laws in different parameter spaces are analyzed. The parameter space is then divided into five regions according to the different galloping modes. Under the multimodal coupling mechanism of galloping, the impact of single and two kinds of coupled mode galloping on the spatial nonlinear behavior is explored. The results reveal that the system exhibits an elliptical orbit motion during single mode galloping, while an "8" motion pattern emerges during coupled mode galloping. Moreover, two patterns of "8" motion are displayed under different parameter spaces. This research provides a theoretical foundation for the design of transmission lines.

The effects of different dosage levels of hepatitis B vaccine as booster on anti-HBs-negative children 5-15 y after primary immunization; China, 2009-2010.

The changes in lgG antibody levels to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and in antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) seroconversion rates due to different dosages of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) were compared in 2106 children. Children who had been previously vaccinated as infants with HepB were revaccinated at 5-15 y of age, after which the antibody titers were determined. After the first booster dose, the anti-HBs seroconversion rate (defined as an anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/ml) with 10 µg of HepB (93.6%) was significantly greater than the rate with 5 µg of HepB (90.3%) (P<0.05); the anti-HBs seroconversion rate in 10-15-y-old boys vaccinated with 10 µg of HepB (90.9%) was significantly greater than the rate with 5 µg of HepB (84.3%) (P<0.05). The anti-HBs seroconversion rates after the third booster dose with 5 or 10 µg of HepB were greater than those after the first booster dose (99.6% and 99.7%, vs. 90.3% and 93.6%, P<0.05); as was the corresponding GMTs (658 ± 4 mIU/ml and 2599 ± 3 mIU/ml, vs. 255 ± 11 mIU/ml and 877 ± 11 mIU/ml [P<0.05]). The immunization effects of booster vaccination with 3 doses of HepB with 5 or 10 µg are effective; a single booster dose with 10 µg of HepB for 10-15-y-old boys and with 5 or 10 µg of HepB for 5-9 y old boys and for 5-15-y-old girls are effective in generating protective antibody against HBV; however, for anti-HBs-negative children after a single dose of booster, 3 doses are needed.

The effects of booster vaccination on combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine in both anti-HBs and anti-HAV negative children 5-15 years after hepatitis B vaccine primary immunization.

In the present study, we investigated the changes in both anti-HAV lgG and anti-HBs lgG levels and compared the antibody seroconversion rates of different doses of combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine in children. Children who were vaccinated as infants with Hepatitis B vaccine were revaccinated at 5-15 y of age, then the antibody titers were monitored. Among 283 children, this study found that the anti-HAV seroconversion rates (defined as anti-HAV ≥ 1 mIU/ml) after the first and the third dose were 79.9% and 100% respectively; these observed differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the corresponding geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 4.72 ± 2.63 mIU/ml and 13.46 ± 1.16 mIU/ml respectively. The anti-HBs seroconversion rates (defined as an anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/ml) were 82.3% and 99.0% respectively; these observed differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); and the corresponding titers were 319.95 ± 5.16 mIU/ml and 418.59 ± 3.89 mIU/ml respectively. After the first booster dose, the difference in anti-HAV seroconversion rate was statistically significant in children aged 5-9 y and 10-15 y (P<0.05), as was the difference of anti-HBs seroconversion, whereas after the third dose the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). This study demonstrated that the immunization effects of booster vaccination with combined hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine is successful for children. A single booster dose is adequate for younger children, while three doses are needed for older children.